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【Objective】 Improving irrigation water use efficiency is critical to developing water-saving agriculture. The aim of this paper is to present and validate a model to comprehensively evaluate irrigation water use efficiency. 【Method】 The model is based on the entropy-weighted technique for order of preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS), using the evaluation indexes constructed from irrigation water efficiency. We then applied it to evaluate water use efficiency from 2017 to 2020 in six irrigation areas in the Second Division of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps. 【Result】 The results calculated from the model are consistent with the ground-truth data. The rank of the results calculated from the model is closely correlated with the rank of the effective utilization coefficient of the irrigation water and the rank of the results calculated from the AHP-fuzzy comprehensive evaluation (P

Existing model synchronization mechanisms of federated learning (FL) are mostly based on single-layer parameter server architecture,which are difficult to adapt to current heterogeneous wireless network scenarios.There are some problems such as excessive communication load on single-point and poor scalability of FL.In response to these problems,this paper proposes an efficient model synchronization scheme for FL in hybrid wireless edge networks.In a hybrid edge wireless network,edge devices transmit local models to nearby small base stations.After receiving local models from edge devices,small base stations exe-cute the aggregation algorithm and send the aggregated models to the macro base station to update the global model.Considering the heterogeneity of channel performance and the competitive relationship of data transmission on the wireless channel,this paper proposes a new type of grouping asynchronous model synchronization scheme and designs a transmission rate aware channel allocation algorithm.Experiments are carried out on real data sets.Experimental results show that the proposed transmission rate aware channel allocation algorithm in grouping asynchronous model synchronization scheme can reduce communication time by 25%～60% and greatly improve the training efficiency of FL.

According to the requirements of interconnection of all things,background of development of establishing IoT using the LEO satellite communication network is researched.The development status of LEO IoT at home and abroad is analyzed,and the technical challenges and research content of LEO IoT are discussed.

Objective To investigate the surgical techniques of carotid endarterectomy (CEA) for treating carotid artery stenosis, in order to improve the surgical efficacy and reduce intraoperative adverse events and complications after operation. Methods Retrospective analysis was carried out on surgical data of 53 cases who were performed CEA from October 2010 to October 2013 in Department of Neurosurgery in Tianjin Huanhu Hospital. There were 39 males and 14 females, aged from 40 to 78 years old and mean age (60.34 ± 8.92) years old; the course of disease was from 2 d to 4 years. Twenty-six cases were diagnosed as right carotid stenosis, 15 cases left carotid stenosis and 12 cases double-sided carotid stenosis. Among all of those cases, 35 cases were diagnosed as moderate stenosis (30%-69%), 16 cases severe stenosis (70%-99% ), and 2 cases complete occlusion. Results Among 53 patients, 50 patients underwent CEA; 2 cases underwent CEA and aneurysm clipping; one case underwent stent removal surgery and CEA because restenosis was found after carotid artery stenting (CAS). Postoperative neck CTA and fMRI showed good morphology of carotid artery, fluent blood flow and improved cerebral perfusion after operation. All of those patients were followed up for 3 to 24 months. One case died of myocardial infarction; 2 cases appeared skin numbness on the operating side of the neck, and the symptom disappeared 3 months later; one case appeared hoarseness after operation; 3 cases experienced mild transient ischemic attack (TIA) and the symptom disappeared 2 months later. No case of stroke was found. Conclusions CEA is a safe and effective surgical approach to treat carotid stenosis. Correct and reasonable choices of the surgical indications and skilled surgical technique are the key to ensure the success of operation and to improve efficacy of the therapy. doi：10.3969/j.issn.1672-6731.2014.02.006Video: http://www.cjcnn.org/index.php/cjcnn/pages/view/v14n2a6

A small-target detection approach was proposed,which is based on the modified local reverse entropy operator and the improved region growing technology.The approa adopted the fact that the emergence of small target could lead to the large change of local reverse entropy.The proposed approach made use of the local reverse entropy map to suppress the small-target image background,and then adopted the improved region growing technique to effectively detect small targets.Experimental results show that the proposed approach can detect small targets accurately and quickly.