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Purposes The sparse feature map established by using VSLAM cannot be directly used for navigation, and the existing methods of converting sparse feature maps into grid maps for navigation suffer from low accuracy of map construction, resulting in the failure to achieve accurate navigation. An improved ORB-SLAM3 navigation method is proposed based on multi-convex combined maximum correntropy criterion (MCMCC), which can realize the construction, positioning, and navigation of indoor real-time mapping on the embedded device with only a RGB-D camera. Methods The proposed method uses the back-end optimization algorithm based on MCMCC to combat the influence of non-Gaussian noises and to further improve the mapping accuracy of ORB-SLAM. Subsequently, in the process of converting the sparse feature map into a grid map, the grid map is updated with the loop detection information to improve the grid map accuracy for accurate navigation. Findings Furthermore, simulation and real scene experiments have been carried out to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.

It is difficult to accurately measure parameters by using the traditional soft sensor algorithm when the working condition of industrial process is changed. Therefore, a transfer learning strategy is introduced based on geodesic flow kernel to solve this problem. At the same time, the method is optimized to solve the problems of dynamic characteristic extraction and incomplete Gaussian distribution in industrial process. The augmented matrix is first constructed to deal with the dynamic characteristics of the process. Independent component analysis and principal component analysis are performed on the processed data to extract the non-Gaussian and Gaussian information of the source domain and the target domain. Then, the non-Gaussian and Gaussian information of the source domain is adapted to the target domain respectively on the Grassmann manifold. Finally, the maximum mean discrepancy is used to measure the distribution between the source domain and the target domain after domain adaptation, and the calculated results are applied to construct the weight of the model based on the source domain after domain adaptation. The results show that the method not only reduces the difference of distribution between the source domain and the target domain, but also solves the problems of dynamic characteristic extraction and incomplete Gaussian distribution in industrial process. The validity and the practicability of the model are proved by experiments on Tennessee Eastman data.

Estimation of postmortem interval （PMI） plays a crucial role in forensic study and identification work. Because of the unique anatomy location, vitreous humor is considered to be used for estima- ting PMI, which has aroused interest among scholars, and some researches have been carried out. The detection techniques of vitreous humor are constantly developed and improved which have been gradually applied in forensic science, meanwhile, the study of PMI estimation using vitreous humor is updated rapidly. This paper reviews various techniques and instruments applied to vitreous humor detection, such as ion selective electrode, capillary ion analysis, spectroscopy, chromatography, nano-sensing technology, automatic biochemical analyser, flow cytometer, etc., as well as the related research progress on PMI estimation in recent years. In order to provide a research direction for scholars and promote a more accurate and efficient application in PMI estimation by vitreous humor analysis, some inner problems are also analysed in this paper.

In order to study the influence of multipath code tracking error on multipath carrier tracking error, the multipath carrier error of Costas carrier tracking loop was analyzed when the non-coherent early minus late power mode code tracking loop was used, and the multipath error model of Costas loop was established in the presence of single multipath. The established model indicates that the influence of multipath code tracking error on multipath carrier tracking error can be expressed as the influence of multipath parameters and correlation space on carrier tracking error. The theory analysis and simulation results show that the mean carrier tracking error is zero in the presence of single multipath, and the maximal carrier tracking error is less than π/2 when the correlation space is smaller than one chip. It also indicates that the multipath parameters have more influence on the carrier tracking error than the correlation space. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

PURPOSE: To compare the effects of 25 kDa full-length rhAm and porcine EMPs on cell behaviors of human periodontal ligament fibroblasts (HPDLF) and foreskin fibroblasts(HFF). METHODS: rhAm was induced by BL21/pET28a-His-SUMO-rhAm express system, and 25 kDa full-length rhAm was analyzed by SDS-PAGE and Western blot. EMPs were extracted by acetic acid method. HPDLF and HFF were cultured in vitro. The cells were treated with rhAm and EMPs at different concentrations. The cell adhesion, proliferation and migration assays were qualitatively analyzed. The data was statistically analyzed with SAS 5.0 software package. RESULTS: 10-20 µg/mL rhAm significantly promoted the adhesion, proliferation and migration of HPDLF and HFF (P<0.05), but no significant difference between two proteins was found (P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: 25 kDa rhAm and EMPs shows similar biological effects on fibroblast, which indicates that rhAm may play an important role in the periodontal regeneration through the activation of fibroblasts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To analyze the effect of multipath disturbance on multipath eliminating technique (MET), the error model of MET is established. The discriminator function of MET not only can be expressed as the composition of discriminator function in narrow correlative technique but also can be formulated by the sum of discriminator function with respect to the direct signal and that with respect to multipath. Meanwhile, since the discriminator function with respect to multipath is the shifting and scaling of that with respect to direct signal in natural, the tracking error of MET can be analyzed and modeled utilizing this characteristic of discriminator function. The performance of MET, narrow correlator technique and strobe correlator technique is compared via simulation. The results indicate that the error caused by medium multipath can be removed by MET, and the tracking error of MET can be reduced by small correlator spacing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

PURPOSE: To investigate gene expression of amelogenin (Am) in human gingival epithelial cells(HGEC) and also other oral ectomesenchyme cells (human gingival fibroblasts, human periodontal ligament fibroblasts and human pulp cells). METHODS: The amelogenin mRNA expression patterns were determined by the reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR),and the protein expression was studied with Western blotting. RESULTS: There was no amelogenin expression detected in any of the cells. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that amelogenin expression could not be detected in cultured human periodontium-related cells. Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.30672315) and Research Fund of Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality(Grant No.08DZ2271100). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

PURPOSE: To construct a recombinant lentiviral vector for human amelogenin and to investigate the amelogenin expression of recombinant lentivirus FUAmW in 293T cell line. METHODS: A lentiviral expression vector for human amelogenin was constructed by recombinant DNA technique. Recombinant plasmid FUAmW was confirmed by restriction endonuclease and DAN sequence analysis respectively. High rites recombinant lentivirus were prepared from 293T cells by polytheylenimine (PEI) mediated transient cotransfection. The generated recombinant FUGW viruses and recombinant FUAmW viruses were used to infect 293T cells, respectively. The expression of human amelogenin in 293T cells was detected by RT-RCR and Western-blot. RESULTS: The sequence analysis of recombinant plasmid FUAmW showed that the human amelogenin encoding mature protein was inserted into lentiviral vector FUW accurately. Human amelogenin expressions were observed in 293T cells 72 hours after infecting with recombinant FUAmW viruses. CONCLUSIONS: The recombinant lentiviral vector FUAmW can be constructed correctly and transfected into 293T cells. Human amelogenin can be expressed in 293T cells infected with recombinant FUAmw virus. Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.30672315). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

PURPOSE: To construct the recombinant lentiviral vector of human amelogenin gene, infect human periodontal ligament cells with the recombinant lentivirus, and evaluate the feasibility of applying modified PDLCs as seeds for a further periodontal reconstruction. METHODS: The mature peptide of hAm cDNA was cloned and linked into the vector plasmid , the recombinant plasmid FUAmW was confirmed by double enzyme digestion and sequence analysis. Recombinant lentivirus was prepared from 293T cells by polytheylenimine (PEI)-mediated transient cotransfection. The hPDLCs and 293T cells were infected with the generated lentivirus. The infection efficiency was analysed by detection of green fluorescence protein (GFP) with fluorescent microscope and flow cytometer 72 hours later. The expression of hAm gene was detected by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). RESULTS: The sequence of inserted fragment in recombinant plasmid was identical to the hAm sequence reported in Genebank. Green fluorescence was visible under fluorescent microscope, FCM assay showed that positive percentage was 69.46% and 33.99% in 293T and hPDLCs, respectively. The targeted gene was obtained in the experimental groups by RT-PCR. CONCLUSIONS : The recombinan lentiviral vector of hAm gene is constructed successfully and it could be transfected into cultured hPDLCs. hAm gene and seed cells may be used for further study in the fields periodontal tissue engineering. Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 30672315). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effect of periodontal initial therapy on clinical parameters and subgingival periodontal pathogen in patients with chronic periodontitis. METHODS: One hundred and twenty patients with chronic periodontitis were included. Probing depth (PD), attachment loss (AL), plaque index (PLI) and gingival index (GI) were evaluated at baseline and after-initial therapy. P.g and A.a in subgingival plaque were investigated by real-time PCR. Data was statistically analyzed by SAS6.12 software for Student's t test. RESULTS: The PD, AL, PLI and GI were significantly decreased after periodontal initial therapy (P<0.01), and meanwhile the ratio of P.g versus total bacteria was significantly decreased after-initial therapy (P<0.05). However, the change of ratio of A.a versus total bacteria was not significant (P>0.05). CONCLUSION: Periodontal initial therapy could effectively control the inflammation of chronic periodontitis, and decrease the ratio of P.g in subgingival plaque. Supported by National "1 l th Five-year" Science and Technology Supporting Project(Grant No.2007BAII8B02) and Shen-Kang Research Fund of Shanghai Municipality(Grant No.SHDC 12007210). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To explore the clinical effect of subgingival scaling and root planning (SRP) with adjunctive photodynamic therapy (PDT) in the treatment of stage Ⅲ and Ⅳ periodontitis., Methods: According to 2018 Classification of Periodontitis, patients diagnosed as stage Ⅲ and Ⅳ periodontitis were recruited. One week after supragingival scaling, probing depth (PD), bleeding on probing (BOP) and gingival index (GI) were recorded as the baseline. All patients were divided into 3 groups, SRP group received whole mouth SRP treatment; PDT1 group: PDT at all sites with PD≥5 mm immediately after SRP; PDT2 group received another PDT at the test sites 6 weeks after full mouth SRP+PDT. PD, GI and the positive rates of BOP were compared 3 months and 6 months after treatment. SPSS 22.0 software package was used for data analysis., Results: Thirty patients and 1 289 test sites were included in this trial. There were 10 patients in group SRP, PDT1 and PDT2, and the number of tests sites were 476, 36.9%, 384, 29.8% and 429 33.3%, respectively. The PD, GI and the positive rates of BOP in the three groups were reduced at 3-months and 6-months of follow-up (P<0.05), there was no significant difference between 3-months and 6-months of follow-up. At the site of PD≥5 mm, group PDT1 and PDT2 could significantly reduce GI and the positive rates of BOP at the test sites(P<0.05). When PD≥7 mm, significant PD reduction was observed in group PDT2(P<0.05)., Conclusions: In the treatment of stage Ⅲ and Ⅳ periodontitis, PDT assisted with SRP therapy can achieve better clinical effect than SRP alone.

Clarifying the pattern of nitrogen absorption and utilization of rice under the treatments of Astragalus sinicus combined with chemical fertilizer application and the pattern of absorption, utilization, distribution and residue of A. sinicus nitrogen in rice-soil system could provide basis to rational fertilization for rice planting area in southern Henan. In this study, undisturbed soil column simulation and isotope tracer technology of 15 N were used to examine the differences of nitrogen uptake and utilization of rice, nitrogen nutrient balance of rice-soil system and nitrogen uptake, utilization, distribution and residue of A. sinicus nitrogen after mineralization and decomposition among seven treatments. The treatments involved 1) no fertilization (CK); 2) chemical fertilizer+22500 kg·hm -2 A. sinicus (FM1); 3) chemical fertilizer+30000 kg·hm -2 A. sinicus (FM2); 4) chemical fertilizer+37500 kg·hm -2 A. sinicus (FM3); 5) chemical fertilizer+22500 kg·hm -2 A. sinicus +lime (FM1+CaO); 6) chemical fertilizer+30000 kg·hm -2 A. sinicus lime (FM2+CaO); 7) chemical fertilizer+37500 kg·hm -2 A. sinicus +lime (FM3+CaO). Results showed that compared with CK, fertilization significantly increased nitrogen uptake of grain and rice stalks, apparent nitrogen loss, and nitrogen surplus. The grain nitrogen uptake, rice straw nitrogen uptake and nitrogen use efficiency of rice increased firstly and then decreased with the increasing A. sinicus application rates, while the apparent nitrogen loss and nitrogen surplus showed the opposite trend. The best performance was presented under the treatment of chemical fertilizer combined with 30000 kg·hm -2 of A. sinicus . Lime addition could increase grain nitrogen uptake, rice straw nitrogen uptake, and nitrogen use efficiency of rice, while reducing apparent nitrogen loss and nitrogen surplus, with the best performance of FM2+CaO. For all the treatments, the proportion of nitrogen absorbed by rice from A. sinicus was 6.3%-13.2%, while that from soil and chemical fertilizer was 86.8%-93.7%. The utilization ratio of A. sinicus nitrogen by rice was 23.8%-33.6%. The utilization ratio of A. sinicus nitrogen in different parts of rice was grain > stem and leaf > root. The residue rate of A. sinicus nitrogen in soil was 37.6%-62.4%. The loss rate of A. sinicus nitrogen was 7.8%-38.6%. Comprehensively considering nitrogen absorption and utilization of rice, nitrogen nutrient balance of rice-soil system, and the distribution situation of nitrogen from A. sinicus in rice, FM2+CaO was the optimum fertilization pattern in the study area.

The use of fish aggregation devices (FADs) can increase catchability of tuna purse seine for associated tuna schools. In the past decades, large scale deployments of FADs have drawn the international attention due to their negative effects on the marine environment. Finding a FAD design ecologically and economically compatible has therefore become a challenge for tuna purse seine fishe-ry. Nowadays, knowledge and comprehension of interaction between FADs and catch species are quite lacking as a result of limited experimental investigation. We interviewed the captain of Chinese tuna purse seiner based on questionnaire to summarize the status of FADs deployment strategy, structural design, capture and ecological characteristics, and the behavior characteristics of associa-ted schools from the perspective of fishermen's knowledge and experience. We also quantified the cognitive differences of the investigated issues based on the index of consistency (IoC). Our results showed that: 1) the average number of year-round FADs deployment was (102±37) per vessel, and the number of that being lost was (72±1). 2) empirical knowledge from fishing masters indicated that man-made FADs could attract more tuna than natural floating objects ( e.g . logs). Submerged structure was the predominant mechanism for aggregating tunas around the FADs. Hanging attractors ( e.g . palm leaves) would facilitate the aggregation of tunas. 3) Fishing masters' observations in practical operation revealed that the duration needed for tunas to be associated with a FAD was around 32 days, and fish aggregation would tend to stabilize in the following month. Entanglement of sea turtles and sharks by netting was incidental events. 4) Most fishing masters had identical opinion on "bio-fouling was helpful for FADs to attract tunas" (IoC=0.73) and "modifying FADs design to reduce the detectability by other vessels" (IoC=0.73), while the answers for "the effect of raft type on tuna attraction capability" (IoC=0.34) were quite different. 5) The results of questionnaire suggested that the current design of FADs used by Chinese tropical tuna purse seiner had high risks of detected by other vessels and increased vulnerability of non-target species to fishery. Moreover, our results provided valuable references that promote sustainable exploitation of purse seine in a way of reconciling profitability with ecological preservation.

Cerebrospinal fluid （CSF） rhinorrhea is the result of an abnormal communication between sinonasal tract and the subarachnoid space through skull base defect. The etiology of CSF rhinorrhea can be traumatic, iatrogenic, tumor induced and spontaneous. Spontaneous CSF rhinorrhea （SCSFR） occurs in the absence of trauma, surgery, or other inducing events. SCSFR is rarely encountered in daily clinical practice, thus misdiagnosis is common when the clinical symptoms are atypical. SCSFR does not typically self-resolve and requires surgical repair. Timely and effective closure of defects is critical to avoid potentially serious consequences including brain abscess and meningitis. Clinical research indicated an underestimation of SCSFR in the past. Nowadays, with the improvement of diagnostic techniques and clinical awareness, the detection rate of SCSFR has increased. This study conducted a systematic review about the etiology and treatment strategy of SCSFR., Competing Interests: The authors of this article and the planning committee members and staff have no relevant financial relationships with commercial interests to disclose., (Copyright© by the Editorial Department of Journal of Clinical Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery.)

The effects of three fertilization treatments (no fertilizer, nitrogen fertilizer, and lime) on the characteristics of Vicia villosa decomposition and nutrient release were studied using the nylon bag method in the fields. The results showed that the cumulative decomposition rate of V. villosa was 65.3%-72.5% across the three fertilization treatments. V. villosa decomposed rapidly during 0-11 d, then slowed down and tended to be stable. The nutrient release rates across the three treatments were potassium > phosphorus > carbon > nitrogen. At the end of the experiment (148 d), the cumulative release rates of carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium were 83.6%-84.6%, 78.2%-81.2%, 89.8%-91.4% and 96.3%-97.0%, respectively. During the whole decomposition period, the characteristics of nitrogen release and decomposition of V. villosa were similar. Compared with no fertilizer treatment, lime application promoted decomposition and release of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. Nitrogen fertilizer application promoted phosphorus release but inhibited potassium release. Both nitrogen application and lime application had no significant effect on carbon release. The application of nitrogen fertilizer promoted the decomposition of V. villosa and nitrogen release in 0-11 d, but inhibited those processes in 11-148 d. The first-order kinetic reaction equation and logarithmic function equation well fitted the characteristics of V. villosa decomposition and the release of carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the rice fields of South Henan. The characteristic parameters of the equation were significantly correlated with the decomposition rate and nutrient release rate of V. villosa. In summary, lime application was better than nitrogen fertili-zer in promoting decomposition and nutrient release of V. villosa. Moreover, the parameters of the first-order kinetic equation and logarithmic function equation showed a good description of decomposition and nutrient release of V. villosa.

Objectives: To discuss the clinical characteristics, diagnosis and treatment of adult spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea (CSFR)., Methods: A retrospective study was conducted on 18 patients of CSFR. Nasal secretion was collected for biochemical analysis. Imaging examination was done for identification of the bony defect in skull base., Results: In all cases, the glucose concentration of nasal secretion were more than 1.7 mmol/L, and the β-2 transferrin detected by immunoelectrophoresis technique were positive. Twelve cases were found to have bony defect in skull base. For the rest 6 cases without bony defect, MRI findings of 6 cases showed sinusoidal effusion with similar signals to cerebrospinal fluid, thus predicting the location of the leak. Conservative treatment was successful in one case, and the other 17 patients underwent endoscopic sinus surgery with computer assisted navigation system (CANS). The results of all cases underwent surgery were successful by one time. No recurrence occured during the follow-up time (11 to 24 months)., Conclusions: The incidence of adult CSFR is low, hence it is easily to be missed and misdiagnosed. The majority of CSFR patients are middle-aged and elderly obese women, often combined with hypertension, diabetes, moderate and severe osteoporosis due to no daily exercise habits. Correct medical history collection, reasonable preoperative examination and accurate preoperative localization of bony defect are essential for surgical repairment. CANS used during operation can enable surgeons to locate the site of leakage accurately and shorten the operation time., Competing Interests: The authors of this article and the planning committee members and staff have no relevant financial relationships with commercial interests to disclose., (Copyright© by the Editorial Department of Journal of Clinical Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery.)

Objective: To investigate the changes of peripheral blood marrow-derived suppressor cell level after chemotherapy induction remission by regimen consisting of vincristine, daunorubicin, L-asparaginase and prednisone (VDLP) and to analyze their relationship with immume system in B-ALL children., Methods: Thirty B-ALL children after induction remission by VDLP regimen from August 2015 to August 2016 were selected as B-ALL group and 30 normal healthy children were selected as control group. The peripheral blood in 2 groups was collected and detected by flow cytometry, then the ratios of CD30 + cells and CD33 + HLA-DR - marrow-derived suppressor cells, CD14 + CD33 + HLA-DR - marrow-derived suppressor cells and CD15 + CD33 + HLA-DR - marrow-derived suppressor cells were calculated, and their changes after induction remission by VDLP regimen and the relationship with immune system were analyzed., Results: After treatment the ratio of CD33 + cells in peripheral blood of B-ALL group and control group was not significantly different (P> 0.05), moreover, the ratio of CD33 + cells in B-ALL group was significantly higher than that before treatment (P<0.05), while the ratios of CD33 + HLA-DR - marrow-derived suppressor cells, CD14 + CD33 + HLA-DR - marrow-derived suppressor cells and CD15 + CD33 + HLA-DR - marrow-derived suppressor cells in B-ALL group were significantly lower than those in control group (all P<0.05), but the ratios of these cells in B-ALL group were higher than those before treatment, and yet there was no statistical significance (P>0.05)., Conclusion: The ratios of marrow-derived suppressor cells in peripheral blood of B-ALL children in complete remission after treatment with VDLP regimen are higher than those before treatment, but are significantly lower than normal value, which may be related with non-complese recovery of immune system in B-ALL children after treatment.

Objective: To evaluate the expression and possible modulation of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) in nasal polyps of patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP)., Methods: Nasal polyps and uncinate process tissues were collected from 25 CRSwNP patients and 19 healthy controls with nasal septal deviation. HO-1 expression was examined using qRT-PCR, immunohistochemistric staining and Western blot analysis. Moreover, additional uncinate process mucosal samples of 15 healthy controls with nasal septal deviation were harvested for nasal explant culture experiments. HO-1 expression was measured in cultured nasal explant in response to specific inflammatory and glucocorticoid stimulation. SPSS 20.0 software was used to analyze the data., Results: The mRNA and protein expression of HO-1 was significantly increased in polyp tissues, 1.220±0.397 in mRNA and 1.409±0.701 in protein, compared with healthy controls 0.464±0.318 in mRNA and 0.017±0.1147 in protein (U=22.00 in mRNA and U=1.00 in protein, both P< 0.05). The immunohistochemical results showed that HO-1 was mainly distributed in the epithelial layer, submucosal glands and inflammatory cells in nasal tissues. Nasal explant culture experiments demonstrated that HO-1 mRNA was upregulated by IL-17A. The HO-1 mRNA level before the stimulation was 1.000, and 17.264±4.275 after the stimulation of 1 ng/ml IL-17A (U=0, P<0.05), 19.128±4.605 after the stimulation of 10 ng/ml IL-17A (U=0, P<0.05), but was significantly suppressed after stimulation with glucocorticoids (dexamethasone, DEX). The mRNA level after the glucocorticoids stimulation was 0.370±0.101 (U=0, P<0.05) and 0.316±0.167 (U=0, P<0.05) respectively. Furthermore, the HO-1 mRNA was inhibited by TGF-β1, the mRNA level was 0.217±0.322 (U=0, P<0.05), 0.070±0.070 (U=0, P<0.05), respectively., Conclusion: Increased HO-1 expression may play a role in the pathogenesis of CRSwNP, which may be considered as the therapeutic target.

A new label-free resonance light scattering method for the highly selective and sensitive detection of mercury ion was designed. This strategy makes use of the target-induced DNA conformational change to enhance the resonance light scattering intensity leading to an amplified optical signal. The Hg²⁺ ion, which possesses a unique property to bind specifically to two DNA thymine (T) bases, in the presence of Hg²⁺, the specific oligonucleotide probes form a conformational reorganization of the oligonucleotide probes from single-chain structure to duplex-like complexes, which can greatly enhance the resonance light scattering intensity. Under the optimum experimental conditions, the enhanced resonance light scattering intensity at 566 nm was in proportion of mercury ion concentration in the range 7.2 x 10⁻⁹ x 10⁻⁸ mol · L⁻¹ with the linear regression equation was ΔI = 5.12c+3.55 (r = 0.999 5). This method was successfully applied to detection of Hg²⁺ in enviro nmental water samples, the RSD were less than 1.9% and recoveries were 99.4%-104.3%. This label-free strategy uses the mercury specific oligonucleotide probes as recognition elements and control the strength of resonance light scattering by changing the concentration of Hg²⁺. It translating the small molecule detection into the DNA hybridization behavior leading to an amplified resonance light scattering signal can well enhance the sensitive detection of Hg²⁺. With amplification by DNA hybridization behavior, the sensitivity for the detection of Hg²⁺ can achieve 2.16 x 10⁻⁹ mol · L(⁻¹). In this study, the stacked T-Hg²⁺-Tfunctioned not only as amplification property but also as an selective recognition. The highly specific detection of Hg²⁺ is attributed to the formation of a stable T-Hg²⁺-T complex.

Puppose: To construct quorum sensing luxS knockout mutants of Enterococcus faecalis through homologous recombination., Methods: The upstream and downstream flank DNA fragments of E. faecalis luxS gene (up, dn) and erythromycin resistance gene (erm) were amplified by PCR. In order to construct recombination plasmid Puemrd, these DNA fragments were inserted into the plasmid pUC18 by corresponding double digests. After allelic exchange, the luxS knockout mutants strains were selected on 30 μg/mL erythromycin plates., Results: With endonuclease reaction and DNA sequencing, it was proved that the objective plasmid, Puemrd, was constructed correctly. The luxS knockout mutants strains were confirmed by PCR., Conclusions: Enterococcus faecalis luxS gene has been successfully disrupted with homologous recombination. This mutant strain sets a good foundation for further functional study.

Purpose: To compare the effect of recombinant full-length human amelogenin (rhAm) and enamel matrix proteins (EMPs) on differentiation of human bone marrow stromal cells (hBMSCs) into osteoblasts. Meanwhile, to investigate the possible mechanism of rhAm promoting osteogenic differentiation of hBMSCs., Methods: The hBMSCs were cultured in vitro. The cells were treated with 10 μg/mL rhAm and 200 μg/mL EMPs. The gene and protein expression of Runx2, ALP, Col-I were observed by using RT-PCR and Western blot at different time points. The influence of rhAm and EMPs on mineralization and osteogenesis of hBMSCs were observed by using alkaline phosphatase and alizarin red staining methods. The data was analyzed with SPSS 13.0 software package., Results: Both rhAm and EMPs significantly promoted gene and protein expression of Runx2, ALP and Col-I in hBMSCs. Meanwhile, rhAm and EMPs also facilitated osteogenesis and mineralization of hBMSCs. The effects of two proteins on hBMSCs had no significant difference., Conclusions: Both 10 μg/mL rhAm and 200 μg/mL EMPs can significantly promote differentiation of hBMSCs into osteoblasts. The rhAm may be used in inducing periodontal tissue regeneration in the future.

Objective: To explore the relations among screen-based sedentary behaviors (SSB), family factors and body mass index (BMI) of children, and to study how family factors have effect on BMI through influencing SSB., Methods: A total of 1,846 students aged 7-11 years from 12 primary schools in one district of Beijing were included. Their body weight and height were measured to calculate the BMI. The time of SSB and family factors were investigated by using questionnaires. The time of SSB was the total time of watching TV and videos, playing computer games and iPad each day during the past 7 days recalled by children. The family factors included the parents' education, occupation, the parents'time of SSB, whether the parents told their child the harm of SSB, the parents'time limit for the children's SSB. The parents'education and occupation were used for calculating the family socioeconomic score., Results: The median time of SSB for children was 1 hour/day, and the interquartile range was 1 hour/day. The BMI of the children with the parents' time limit for the children's SSB less than 120 min/day were smaller than the children with the parents'time limit not less than 120 min/day, in both the boys (1.63 kg/m2, P<0.001) and the girls (0.85 kg/m2, P=0.004). The family socioeconomic score, the parents'SSB time, whether the parents told their children the harm of SSB were not related to the children's BMI . The mediation effects of SSB time for children on the association between the parents'time limit for the children's SSB and BMI were -0.222 kg/m2 (95%CI:-0.432, -0.095) for boys and -0.187 kg/m2 (95%CI: -0.507, -0.049) for girls, which accounted for 13.67% of the total effects for boys and 22.11% for girls., Conclusion: The parents' time limit for the children's SSB has effect on their BMI through influencing their SSB time. Parents' supervision on the behaviors of children produces larger benefit for BMI than health education conveyed by parents. Therefore, parents' participation in supervising the behaviors of children are indispensable for preventing and controlling childhood obesity.

Objective: To investigate the functional evaluation of auditory cortex by functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) before cochlear implantation (CI)., Methods: Twenty-one children with severe to profound sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) (7 cases with normal inner ear structure, 3 cases with large vestibular aqueduct syndrome, 1 case with cochlear nerve hypoplasia) and 7 children with normal hearing were examined by fMRI under sedation. The subjects received acoustic stimuli at four random frequencies (500, 1 000, 2 000, 4 000 Hz) during fMRI examination. Tones were interleaved with silence in a block-periodic fMRI design with 16-second on-off intervals.Each stimulus repeated twice and the total acquisition time was 4 minutes and 28 seconds., Results: Activation was identified in the auditory cortex of the 28 subjects in response to monaural and binaural acoustic stimulation, which was shown in the transverse temporal gyrus (Heschl gyrus), the thalamus and both.Of the 21 patients with SNHL, contralateral dominance was shown in six cases, ipsilateral dominance in five cases and bilateral equilibrium in 10 cases when one ear was exposed to the stimuli. Of the seven children with normal hearing, contralateral dominance was shown in three cases, ipsilateral dominance in two cases and bilateral equilibrium in two cases.No significant difference of the activation intensity in auditory cortex was shown between children with SNHL and normal hearing (P > 0.05). Good hearing recovery was obtained in the 21 patients after CI. No significant difference in the level of hearing and speech rehabilitation was shown between children with LVAS and with normal inner ear structure.Listening behavior response threshold was 55 dBHL in the case with cochlear nerve hypoplasia 10 months after CI., Conclusions: fMRI would be a feasible means of evaluating the function of the auditory cortex, which can be used for assessing the function of the entire auditory system prior to CI combined with ABR and imaging.

Purpose: To compare the effects of 25 kDa full-length rhAm and porcine EMPs on cell behaviors of human periodontal ligament fibroblasts (HPDLF) and foreskin fibroblasts(HFF)., Methods: rhAm was induced by BL21/pET28a-His-SUMO-rhAm express system, and 25 kDa full-length rhAm was analyzed by SDS-PAGE and Western blot. EMPs were extracted by acetic acid method. HPDLF and HFF were cultured in vitro. The cells were treated with rhAm and EMPs at different concentrations. The cell adhesion, proliferation and migration assays were qualitatively analyzed. The data was statistically analyzed with SAS 5.0 software package., Results: 10-20 μg/mL rhAm significantly promoted the adhesion, proliferation and migration of HPDLF and HFF (P<0.05), but no significant difference between two proteins was found (P>0.05)., Conclusions: 25 kDa rhAm and EMPs shows similar biological effects on fibroblast, which indicates that rhAm may play an important role in the periodontal regeneration through the activation of fibroblasts.

The wastewater containing polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) was characterized with poor biodegradability, and was difficult to remove. In order to find an economically reasonable and practical technology, the research on the removal efficiency of different concentration wastewater containing PVA by ozonation-activated sludge process was studied, and the result was compared with the traditional activated sludge process. The results showed that the ozonation-activated sludge process was not suitable for treating influent with COD below 500 mg x L(-1) and the wastewater PVA concentration was 10-30 mg x L(-1). When the influent COD was between 500-800 mg x L(-1) and the PVA concentration was 15-60 mg x L(-1), the system had advantages on dealing with this kind of wastewater, and the average removal efficiency of COD and PVA were 92.8% and 57.4%, which were better than the traditional activated sludge process 4.1% and 15.2% respectively. In addition, the effluent concentrations of COD could keep between 30-60 mg x L(-1). When the influent COD was 1 000-1 200 mg x L(-1) and the PVA concentration was 20-70 mg x L(-1), the average removal efficiencies of COD and PVA were 90.9% and 45.3%, which were better than the traditional activated sludge process 12.8% and 12.1% respectively, but the effluent should to be further treated. Compared with the traditional activated sludge process, ozonation-activated sludge process had high treatment efficiency, stable running effect, and effectively in dealing with industrial wastewater containing PVA.

Objective: To evaluate the applicative value of computer assisted navigation system in endoscopic sinus and skull base surgery., Method: Forty-nine endoscopic surgery procedures were performed with the help of computer assisted navigation system, among which there were 25 cases of recurrent sinusitis and nasal polyps, 9 cases of nasal and sinus tumour, 7 cases of cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea, 2 cases of meningoencephalocele, 4 cases of congenital choanal atresia, 1 case of pituitary tumor and 1 case of foreign body in middle cranial fossa., Result: The preoperative time was 5-13 minutes for preparation, 7 minutes in average. The target error was less than or equal to 1.5 mm. All the 49 cases had successful surgery without complications., Conclusion: Computer assisted navigation system can help the surgeon to determine the sinus, skull base and adjacent anatomic landmarks correctly, improve surgical accuracy and safety, and reduce intraoperative and postoperative complications.

Objective: To compare and assess the effectiveness of leukocyte-filtered platelet and standard platelet concentrates transfusion in preventing platelet transfusion refractoriness (PTR) and human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-alloimmunization., Methods: Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) or quasi-RCTs comparing leukocyte-filtered platelet with standard platelet concentrates transfusion (up to December 31, 2009) were searched and identified from Medline, EMBASE, The Cochrane Library, and CBM. A meta-analysis was conducted with Cochrane Collaboration's RevMan 5. 0., Results: The search identified 558 citations in total, in which 7 articles in English were finally included in the meta-analysis. The analysis showed that compared with standard platelet concentrates transfusion, leukocyte-filtered platelet transfusion significantly decreased PTR [ RR = 0. 59, 95% CI (0. 42, 0. 82) , P = 0. 002 ] and HLA-alloimmunization [ RR = 0. 49,95% CI (0. 33, 0. 74) , P =0. 0006]. Subgroup analysis showed that HLA-alloimmunization was significantly reduced by leukocyte-filtered platelet transfusion among the patients with acute myelocytic leukemia [ RR =0.42, 95% CI (0.32, 0.56), P <0. 00001], while no significant difference was detected in patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia because of the limited sample size [ RR = 0. 50, 95% CI (0. 10, 2.41) , P =0. 39]., Conclusions: The current evidence shows that leukocyte-filtered platelet transfusion can prevent PTR and HLA-alloimmunization more effectively than standard platelet transfusion. Well-designed large-scale RCTs are still needed to further confirm this finding.

Objective: To analyze irrational clinical application of Houttuynia Injection (HI) and the risk of adverse event (AE) occurrence, thus providing references for after-sales reevaluation and rational clinical application of HI., Methods: Literatures concerning unreasonable application of HI were searched (terminated by June 2010) from PubMed, EMBASE, Chinese Biomedical Disc (CBMdisc), Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Chinese Science and Technology Journal Full-text Database (VIP), and etc. for case report, cross-sectional study, and clinical control study., Results: A total of 342 papers with a total of 416 AE cases were retrieved. Of them, AE happened to 294 cases (including 290 children) of the 132 papers concerning contraindications, and 48 with allergic shock; AE happened to 57 cases in 9 papers reporting over-dose, and 6 with high risk combined medication. Sixteen irrational administration ways were reported in 195 papers. Of them, AE happened to 59 cases of seven administration ways (twenty cases by intracavitary injection, thirteen by aerosol inhalation, ten by rinse, eight by oral administration, one by enema, one by acupoint injection, and one by rectal administering). AE was not reported in the rest ten reports., Conclusion: The risk of AE occurrence was increased by changing clinical administration ways of HI without authorization, over-dose medication, high risk combined medication, and application in people with contraindications.

Objective: To prepare the vinorelbine liposomes and investigate their physicochemical properties., Methods: Vinorelbine liposomes were prepared by thin-film ultrasonication method. The morphology of the liposomes was detected by transmission electron microscopy. The partical size distribution and zeta potential were investigated by laser scattering. Sephadex G-50 was applied to separate the free drug and liposomes in order to determine the entrapment efficiency and leakage efficiency of the liposomes. The release characteristics of vinorelbine liposomes were measured by dialysis method., Results: The particle size of the liposome was 149.2 nm, the bilayer of the liposome was observed obviously. The zeta potential was 38.62 mv. The entrapment efficiency of vinorelbine liposomes was more than 85% (n=3), and the leakage efficiency was less than 9.0% preserved in refrigerator ( <4 degrees C). In vitro release test, it could sustain for 24 h and conform to the Higuchi model., Conclusion: The vinorelbine liposomes have uniform partical size, fine-looking, high entrapment efficiency and sustained releasing effect.

Objective: To systematically evaluate the safety and efficacy of natalizumab in treating multiple sclerosis (MS) and Crohn's disease(CD)., Methods: Literatures from 1998 to 2009 were searched in databases including MEDLINE,EMBASE,The Cochrane Library, and CBM for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and quasi-randomization controlled trials. Quality assessment and data extraction were conducted using the Cochrane Collaboration's RevMan 5.0 software and then a Meta analysis was performed. The main indicators included the rate of adverse reactions, the rate of serious adverse reactions,response rate,and remission rate., Results: Thirteen trials entered the final analysis. The main findings in the MS trials included: the rate of serious and general adverse effects were no significantly different among different groups (P>0.05). The new lesions rate was not significantly different within 3 months after treatment [RR=0.99, 95%CI (0.82, 1.18), P=0.87], but was significantly lower in 6 months in the treatment group [RR=0.45, 95%CI (0.33, 0.60), P<0.00001], and such advantage was maintained till 2 years later [RR=0.49, 95%CI (0.45, 0.53), P<0.00001]. The 2-year relapse rate was also significantly lower in the treatment group [RR=0.51, 95%CI (0.38, 0.69), P<0.0001]. The main findings in CD trials were as follows: The incidences between serious reactions and general adverse reactions were not significantly different (P>0.05). The remission rate was not significantly different between treatment group and control group in the 2nd week [RR=4.67, 95%CI (0.65, 33.26), P=0.12], but became significantly higher in the treatment group after 12 weeks [RR=1.46, 95%CI (1.26, 1.70), P<0.00001]. The response rate was significantly higher in the treatment group [RR=1.53, 95%CI (1.15, 2.03), P=0.004]., Conclusions: The rates of serious and general adverse reactions are not remarkably increased after natalizumab treatment for both MS and CD. The new lesions rate and 2-year relapse rate of MS as well as the response rate and remission rate of CD are all improved after natalizumab treatment,especially after long-term administration. Although severe adverse effect such as progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy may occur,its clinical application can be further promoted after cautiously balancing the benefits and risks.

Objective: To evaluate the clinical value of dual-source computer tomography in the diagnosis of suspicious airway foreign bodies in children., Method: Twenty-two children of suspicious airway foreign bodies were examined by DSCT. The original scanning data were reconstructed with MPR, MinP, CTVE and VR. The results were compared with surgical findings., Result: The position, size, shape and accompanying signs of foreign bodies were clearly demonstrated by DSCT. Twenty cases were diagnosed as foreign bodies in the airway by DSCT. Nineteen cases were confirmed as foreign bodies. Purulent discharge was found by bronchoscopy in 1 case. The rate of conformed diagnosis was 95%., Conclusion: DSCT can demonstrate the foreign body clearly and play an important role in the diagnosis of suspicious airway foreign body in children.

Purpose: To evaluate the effect of periodontal initial therapy on clinical parameters and subgingival periodontal pathogen in patients with chronic periodontitis., Methods: One hundred and twenty patients with chronic periodontitis were included. Probing depth (PD), attachment loss (AL), plaque index (PLI) and gingival index (GI) were evaluated at baseline and after-initial therapy. P.g and A.a in subgingival plaque were investigated by real-time PCR. Data was statistically analyzed by SAS6.12 software for Student's t test., Results: The PD, AL, PLI and GI were significantly decreased after periodontal initial therapy (P<0.01), and meanwhile the ratio of P.g versus total bacteria was significantly decreased after-initial therapy (P<0.05). However, the change of ratio of A.a versus total bacteria was not significant (P>0.05)., Conclusion: Periodontal initial therapy could effectively control the inflammation of chronic periodontitis, and decrease the ratio of P.g in subgingival plaque.

Syngeneic bone marrow transplantation (syn-BMT), as a novel therapy for type 1 diabetes (T1D), has been used more and more widely. This study was aimed to detect the changes of peripheral CD4(+) T lymphocytes, CD8(+) T lymphocytes, CD4(+)/CD8(+) T lymphocytes and NK cells before and after T1D mice were treated with syn-BMT, and to investigate the effects of these cells in T1D and the effects of syn-BMT-inducing immunotolerance. T1D mouse model was established by multiple low dose streptozotocin injection, the syn-BMT was performed on 10 day after the onset of diabetes. The T1D model mice were divided into group of diabetic mice treated with syn-BMT and group of diabetic control mice (DC), 6 normal C57BL/6J mice were regarded as normal control group (NC). On 30 day after syn-BMT, peripheral proportion of CD4(+) T lymphocytes, CD8(+) T lymphocytes, CD4(+)/CD8(+) T lymphocytes and NK cells were detected by flow cytometry. These cells of normal control mice (NC), diabetes control mice (DC) and diabetes mice treated by syn-BMT were also detected. Blood glucose level in three groups was assayed during the whole observation period. The results showed that syn-BMT could reduce blood glucose level of T1D mice to near normal (p > 0.05). Hematopoietic reconstitution happened in a month. The proportion of peripheral CD4(+) T lymphocytes, CD4(+)/CD8(+) T lymphocytes, NK cells all increased in new-onset diabetic mice (p < 0.01), while the proportion of peripheral CD8(+) T lymphocytes decreased (p < 0.01). On 30 day after T1D mice were treated with syn-BMT, the proportion of peripheral CD4(+) T lymphocytes was significantly lower than that in DC mice (p < 0.01), but still higher than NC (p < 0.05). The proportion of CD8(+) T lymphocytes was higher than that in DC and NC mice (p < 0.01). The ratio of CD4(+)/CD8(+) T lymphocytes and proportion of NK cells were both obviously lower than that in DC and NC mice (p < 0.01). It is concluded that the syn-BMT can reverse hyperglycemia and immune disorder in diabetic mice. On early period of diabetes onset, the proportions of CD4(+) T lymphocytes and NK cells, the ratio of CD4(+)/CD8(+) T lymphocytes increase, while proportion of CD8(+) T lymphocytes decreases in peripheral blood which mye be associated with onset of diabetes.

Objective: To evaluate the feasibility of cochlear implantation by functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in a patient with cochleovestibular nerve hypoplasia., Method: Audiometry, radiological examination and fMRI of the auditory cortex were performed to a 15-year-old boy with bilateral hearing loss before cochlear implantation., Result: Results of pure tone audiometry and auditory brainstem responses showed profound sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL). Transiently evoked otoacoustic emission was absent on both sides. High resolution computed tomography revealed the inner ear malformation (incomplete partition I) on both side. Oblique sagittal reconstruction in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed the malformation of cochleovestibular nerve, fMRI demonstrated the activation of the right primary auditory cortex during 1-kHz monaural stimulation on the left side. No cortical activation appeared during the monaural right acoustic stimulation using the same sound pressure level. The child had subjective auditory response 1 month after cochlear implantation on his left side., Conclusion: fMRI would be an effective measure in the assessments for the cochlear implantation candidates, combining with audiometry and radiological examination, especially when MRI shows cochleovestibular nerve malformation in these patients.

Objective: To analyze the survival level and variation of esophageal cancer in Linzhou city of Henan province from 1988 to 2004, and evaluate the effects of diagnosis and treatments on esophageal cancer in this area., Methods: All incidence and death records for esophageal cancer during 1988 to 2004 were collected from Linzhou Tumor Registry. Cases with duplicate information or death certificate only were excluded. A total of 12,160 cases of esophageal cancer were collected, of which, 6914 cases were male, and 5246 cases were female. The sex-specific and age-specific probabilities of survival in 1992, 1997 and 2002 were calculated and linked to the data of incidence and death on esophageal cancer in this area. Five-year observed survival rate and five-year relative survival rate during 1990 to 1994, 1995 to 1999, 2000 to 2004 were calculated respectively using period survival analysis and cohort survival analysis and Z test., Results: The 5-year relative survival rates among the three-episode were 28.24%, 35.24% and 40.76% respectively during 1988 to 2004. This showed an increasing trend by periods (Z values were 3.94 and 3.07, P < 0.05). The 5-year observed survival rates in men among the three-episode were 13.67%, 18.08% and 22.46% respectively, the 5-year relative survival rates were 29.94%, 36.96% and 38.40%. The 5-year observed survival rates in women among the three-episode were 15.56%, 19.29% and 28.01% respectively, the 5-year relative survival rates were 26.78%, 33.12% and 43.70%. During the two former periods, there was no significant difference in the 5-year observed survival rate and relative survival rate between men and women (Z values of observed survival rate were 1.48 and 0.88, P > 0.05. Z values of relative survival rate were 1.27 and 1.50, P > 0.05). In the third period, the 5-year observed survival rate and relative survival rate in women was higher than that in men (observed survival rate Z = 3.56, P < 0.05; relative survival rate Z = 2.09, P < 0.05). The relative survival rate that calculated using period method (respectively 35.24% and 40.76%) was higher than that using cohort method (respectively 28.77% and 33.35%) from 1995 to 1999, and from 2000 to 2004., Conclusion: The survival rate on esophageal cancer in Linzhou city was increasing in the three different periods. This indicated a rising status in the secondary prevention and clinical diagnosis and treatments on esophageal cancer.

Purpose: To investigate gene expression of amelogenin (Am) in human gingival epithelial cells(HGEC) and also other oral ectomesenchyme cells (human gingival fibroblasts, human periodontal ligament fibroblasts and human pulp cells)., Methods: The amelogenin mRNA expression patterns were determined by the reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR),and the protein expression was studied with Western blotting., Results: There was no amelogenin expression detected in any of the cells., Conclusions: These findings suggest that amelogenin expression could not be detected in cultured human periodontium-related cells. Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.30672315) and Research Fund of Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality(Grant No.08DZ2271100).

Objective: To discuss the diagnosis and treatment of infantile congenital subglottic hemangioma., Method: Nine patients with recurrent stridor, feeding difficulties and laryngeal obstruction were diagnosed as congenital subglottic hemangioma with bronchial endoscopy. The lesions were unilateral in 7 cases and bilateral in 2 cases. Eight cases were treated by intralesional Pingyangmycin injection after tracheotomy. Patients were discharged with metal trachea and were followed up endoscopically 2 weeks thereafter. A second treatment would be required if the tumor reduced in size but not disappeared completely. Plugging tubes and extubation would be done when the tumor disappeared completely. One case with unilateral lesion underwent power-assisted tumor resection without tracheotomy., Result: Hemangioma vanished completely in 6 patients with unilateral subglottic hemangioma who were treated with single stage procedure. Tumor size was found reduced significantly after one procedure and vanished completely after a second procedure in 2 cases with bilateral subglottic hemangioma. All of the 8 cases were extubated successfully. The patient recovered thoroughly in two weeks after power-assisted tumor resection., Conclusion: Intralesional Pingyangmycin injection after tracheotomy can relief the airway obstruction quickly, shorten the nature course of hemangioma, shorten the period of wearing trachea, has no complication such as subglottic stenosis and is thought to be a safe and effective therapy for large size hemangioma. Power-assisted tumor resection under good total anesthesia without tracheotomy combined with well hemostasis is effective, less injure, and suitable for small size hemangioma.

Purpose: To construct a recombinant lentiviral vector for human amelogenin and to investigate the amelogenin expression of recombinant lentivirus FUAmW in 293T cell line., Methods: A lentiviral expression vector for human amelogenin was constructed by recombinant DNA technique. Recombinant plasmid FUAmW was confirmed by restriction endonuclease and DAN sequence analysis respectively. High tites recombinant lentivirus were prepared from 293T cells by polytheylenimine(PEI) mediated transient cotransfection. The generated recombinant FUGW viruses and recombinant FUAmW viruses were used to infect 293T cells, respectively. The expression of human amelogenin in 293T cells was detected by RT-RCR and Western-blot., Results: The sequence analysis of recombinant plasmid FUAmW showed that the human amelogenin encoding mature protein was inserted into lentiviral vector FUW accurately. Human amelogenin expressions were observed in 293T cells 72 hours after infecting with recombinant FUAmW viruses., Conclusions: The recombinant lentiviral vector FUAmW can be constructed correctly and transfected into 293T cells. Human amelogenin can be expressed in 293T cells infected with recombinant FUAmw virus. Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.30672315).

Purpose: To construct the recombinant lentiviral vector of human amelogenin gene, infect human periodontal ligament cells with the recombinant lentivirus, and evaluate the feasibility of applying modified PDLCs as seeds for a further periodontal reconstruction., Methods: The mature peptide of hAm cDNA was cloned and linked into the vector plasmid, the recombinant plasmid FUAmW was confirmed by double enzyme digestion and sequence analysis. Recombinant lentivirus was prepared from 293T cells by polytheylenimine (PEI)-mediated transient cotransfection. The hPDLCs and 293T cells were infected with the generated lentivirus. The infection efficiency was analysed by detection of green fluorescence protein (GFP) with fluorescent microscope and flow cytometer 72 hours later. The expression of hAm gene was detected by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR)., Results: The sequence of inserted fragment in recombinant plasmid was identical to the hAm sequence reported in Genebank. Green fluorescence was visible under fluorescent microscope, FCM assay showed that positive percentage was 69.46% and 33.99% in 293T and hPDLCs, respectively. The targeted gene was obtained in the experimental groups by RT-PCR., Conclusions: The recombinan lentiviral vector of hAm gene is constructed successfully and it could be transfected into cultured hPDLCs. hAm gene and seed cells may be used for further study in the fields periodontal tissue engineering. Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 30672315).

Objective: To analyze the incidence and time trends of esophageal and gastric cancers in Linzhou city bassed on the data of Linxian Tumor Registry, and to provide valid reference data for research and effective estimation of cancer control in this area., Methods: All incidence records for the both cancers during 1988-2003 were drawn from Linzhou Tumor Registry and grouped by sex, age, year and then linked to corresponding population data. The incidence rates of those two topographic site cancers were calculated and the age-adjusted rates were calculated by direct standardization to the world population. A joinpoint model was used to get the annual percentage change (APC) of the age-adjusted rates, and to estimate the epidemiological trends of both cancers in population of Linzhou city., Results: In the year 2003 the age-adjusted incidence rates of esophageal and gastric cancers were 81.78 per 100 000 and 77.08 per 100 000, respectively, in the population of Linzhou city. The incidence rate of both cancers showed a decreasing trend from 1988 to 2003. The APC of the incidence rates of esophageal cancer was - 2.6% and that of gastric cancer was - 1.8%, and both indexes were statistically significant (P < 0.05)., Conclusion: The incidence rates of esophageal and gastric cancers have presented a decreasing trends in the population of Linzhou city. This trend will continue along with the development of social economy, elevation of living standard and improvement in living habit and environment.

Objective: To explore the role of acoustic rhinometry in the diagnosis of children with obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS)., Method: Thirty-six patients with OSAHS were measured with acoustic rhinometry before and 1 month after adenoidectomy. Twenty patients with adenoidectomy were measured before and after operation, the changes in volume recorded by acoustic rhinometry were compared with the adenoid volume obtained by the method of "drain off the water"., Result: The volume of nasopharynx of adenoid removal patients was significantly bigger than that of before operation. The adenoid volume of 20 patients obtained by the method of "drain off the water" was bigger than the calculated changes in nasopharynx volume recorded by acoustic rhinometry, however, they were found to be significantly interrelated., Conclusion: Acoustic rhinometry is a better method to calculate the size of adenoid in children with OSAHS and it could become a routine examination before adenoidectomy.

Objective: To explore the high resolution CT image of temporal bone in infants with hearing loss, and its value in evaluating the cause of hearing loss., Method: In 2005, 0.12 million newborns have been included in the hearing screening system in Shanghai, and 1077 infants have failed to pass the hearing screening. One hundred and eight four infants were diagnosed as congenital hearing loss from mild to profound. A temporal bone HRCT scanning was performed to these infants., Result: Among the 184 patients with congenital hearing loss, HRCT showed that 26 cases (14.1%) were associated with external ear malformation, and 21 cases (11.4%) were associated with middle ear malformation, 31 cases (16.8%) associated with inner ear malformation. The patients with inner ear malformation included 12 cases with Mondini malformation, 1 case with common cavity malformation, 6 cases with large vestibule malformation, 5 cases with internal auditory canal abnormalities, and 10 cases with vestibule, semicircular canals abnormalities. In addition, there were 20 cases (10.8%) with fluid in middle ear., Conclusion: HRCT image play an important role in the differential diagnosis and treatment of infants with congenital hearing loss.

Purpose: To investigate and analyze the state of periodontal health of 400 adults at their post and risk factors in Shanghai., Methods: 400 subjects (249 male, 151 female), aged from 25 to 59, were requested to fill a questionnaire. The probing depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL), tooth mobility (TM) and bleeding on probing(BOP) on 6 sites of each indicated tooth were measured and recorded. SAS 6.12 software package was used for statistical analysis., Results: OHI-S of Shanghai adults at their post was 2.16 +/- 0.99 and GI = 1.2227, indicating moderate gingivitis. The difference of periodontal disease among the adults at varied occupations in Shanghai municipality was significant. Periodontal destruction of the clerk group was the lightest The difference of periodontal disease among the adults at varied age groups in Shanghai municipality was also significant. Periodontal destruction of the elder group was heavier than of the lower age group. 146 subjects suffered from initial to moderate periodontitis. 140 subjects suffered from advanced periodontitis. 79, 317 and 4 subjects had received college education, high school education and postgraduate school education respectively. There was no relationship between the severity of periodontitis and educational level. 330 out of 400 (82.5%) subjects had never been treated, 70 out of 400 (12.5%) had scaling,and only 3.25% of subjects had received regular periodontal treatment., Conclusion: It is very important to develop an education program on oral health for people in Shanghai. Supported by National "Tenth Five-Year" Key Project (Grant No.2004BA720A26), Research Fund of the Science and Technology Committee of Shanghai Municipality (Grant No.0352nm126) and Shanghai Leading Academic Discipline Project(Grant No.94-III-008).

Purpose: The purpose of the present study was to compare FcgammaRIIIb genotype of aggressive periodontitis (AgP) with chronic periodontitis (CP) and control group (Cont) in the Han nationality in China., Methods: The classification, which was applied in this study, was presented and discussed at the 1999 International Workshop for the Classification of the Periodontal Disease organized by the American Academy of Periodontology (AAP). 23 patients with aggressive periodontitis, including 20 with chronic periodontitis according to the established clinical criteria, and 22 matched healthy controls was included in this study. Peripheral blood samples were taken from all patients and controls, then DNA was isolated from blood using DNA purification kit. And FcgammaRIIIb genotyping was determined by PCR and DNA sequencing. The different results of genotype in all three groups were analysed by chi(2) test., Result: FcgammaRIIIb-NA1, -NA2 (old definition) frequencies didn't equal 1.00 in all 3 groups, and also without -SH, -NA(NULL) genotype. At the same time, many new allele of NA1 and NA2 were found in all groups. However, there were no rules of new alleles in each group and between the groups, no statistical significance as well. The -NA1 of FcgammaRIIIb (new definition) frequency was 0.77, and that of -NA2 (new definition) was 0.23 in this study., Conclusion: Including FcgammaRIIIb-NA1 and -NA2, five alternate allele of -NA1 (-NA1*01b, -NA1*02a, -NA1*02b, -NA1*03a and-NA1*03b) and three alternate allele of -NA2(-NA2*02, -NA2*03 and -NA2*04) were described. The results suggest that FcgammaRIIIb may not be a risk indicator for the susceptibility of periodontitis in the Han nationality of China.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to clone human amelogenin gene encoding mature protein, which provides a basis for expressing the recombinant human amelogenin in Escherichia coli. in the future., Methods: In this study, total RNA was extracted from the dental germ of a legally aborted embryo by Trizol. Using RT-PCR technique we obtained synthesis of cDNA from the total RNA, and the desired DNA products were conducted with PCR from cDNA. The segment was inserted into expression vector PQE30 and the interesting plasmid was transformed into Escherichia coli. host DH5alpha. The double-stranded DNA of positive clone was analyzed by PCR, restriction endonuclease mapping and DNA sequence analysis., Results: The sequence analysis of recombinant plasmid showed that the human amelogenin encoding mature protein was inserted into vector PQE30 accurately., Conclusions: We conducted human amelogenin encoding mature protein from dental germ of a legally aborted embryo and got the recombinant plasmid which may express amelogenin gene for further research.

Aim: To observe the effects of ouabain on vascular smooth muscle (VSM) of the guinea pig and its interactions with Ca2+ and norepinephrine (NE)., Methods: Using isolated thoracic aortic ring of the guinea pig, the degrees of contractile activity of drugs were recorded., Results: Ouabain showed a direct contractile effect in a concentration-dependent manner on thoracic aortic ring of guinea pig. Ouabain shifted the NE dose-response curve to the left without changing in the maxium response. Ouabain shifted the CaCl2 dose-response curve to the left and upward, increased the maximum response to Ca2+; In Ca(2+)-free medium, the ouabain induced contraction was abolished, an increase in extracellular Ca2+ restored the response; nifedipine and verapamil abolished the ouabain induced contraction., Conclusion: The ouabain induced contraction is mainly dependent on the extracellular Ca2+ concentration, independent on the presence of endothelia of aorta, suggesting that Ca2+ antagonist may treat the hypertension induced by ouabain. Ouabain, NE and CaCl2 have synergetic contractile effects, suggesting that the synergetic contractile effects of ouabain and NE may contribute to the generation and development of hypertension.