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Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a chronic and progressive respiratory disease. Transcription factor T-bet is involved in the inflammatory response and lung function changes of COPD, which is expected to become a new target for the prevention and treatment of COPD. It might provide a new idea for the targeted research of COPD.

BackgroundChronic obstructive pulmonary disease （COPD） is a common chronic respiratory disease， and patients with COPD often experience substantially emotional difficulties， such as anxiety and depression， all of which may cause serious detriment to the prognosis of patients. As a non-pharmacological intervention in clinical practice， group mindfulness-based stress reduction therapy （MBSR） is beginning to emerge， while has rarely been studied in COPD patients with concurrent emotional difficulties.ObjectiveTo evaluate the effects of group MBSR on depression， state of mindfulness and pulmonary function in stable COPD patients， so as to provide references for the application of group MBSR in patients with COPD.MethodsA total of 97 patients with stable COPD who were followed up in the Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine of Mianyang Third People's Hospital from January to October 2019 were selected as the study objects， and they were assigned into study group （n=50） and control group （n=47） by random number table method. All individuals received routine medication therapy and an 8-week health education， based on this， participants in study group partook an 8-week intervention comprising group MBSR. At the baseline， 4 weeks and 8 weeks of intervention， participants were assessed with Self-rating Depression Scale （SDS）， Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire （FFMQ） and COPD Assessment Test （CAT）， as well as the pulmonary function testing.ResultsThere were 41 patients in study group and 42 cases in control group completed the study. The group * time interaction was interpreted as significant between two groups for SDS， FFMQ and CAT scores （F=54.858， 86.161， 69.862， P0.05）， while study group scored lower on SDS and CAT （F=12.900， 38.511， 7.797， 28.824， P

Under the vision of carbon neutrality, carbon dioxide emission allowance targets are gradually decreasing, and clean power sources will penetrate in an ultra-high proportion. The traditional distribution grid dispatching model needs to solve the problems of carbon emission compliance and strong intermittent leveling of clean power sources. Based on the analysis of the coupling relationship between carbon emission index and the economic cost of electric power, this paper proposes a novel dispatching model for the future state distribution grid with carbon and electric power couping, proposes an optimal dispatching strategy for distribution grid based on the second-order cone planning model for several scenarios of increasing carbon emission cost of system operaion, and verifies the effectiveness of the proposed method in the improved IEEE 33-node system. The example results show that the output and power generation cost of each distribution network change after considering the carbon emission index.

Lung cancer, featured with strong heterogeneity and plasticity, is the most devastating diseaseworldwide. Based on histological classification, lung cancer can be categorized as small cell lung cancer(SCLC) and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), among which the latter could be further classified into lungadenocarcinoma (ADC), squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and large cell carcinoma (LCC). Mixed pathologies ofADC and SCC (Adenosquamous Cell Carcinoma, Ad-SCC) or mixed SCLC with ADC and/or SCC pathology(mixed SCLC) have been consistently observed in clinic. Lung Ad-SCC is about 4%~10% of NSCLC. Recentclinical studies have shown that epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutant lung ADC could transition to SCC in relapsed patients failed from chemotherapy, targeted therapy or immunotherapy. Studies of liver kinaseB1 (Lkb1)-defi cient mouse model have provided convincing evidence in supporting that lung ADC derived fromclub cells or AT2 cells (Alveolar Epithelial Type 2 Cells) is prone to squamous transition, and the mixed AdSCC is identified as the intermediate stage. Mechanistic studies demonstrate that uncontrolled accumulation ofexcessive oxidative stress resulted from extracellular matrix depletion and metabolic reprogramming somehowtriggers the up-regulation of SCC-lineage specific transcription factor, p63, which eventually promotes thesquamous transition. Such transition confers lung tumors with drug resistance in mouse models. This review willsummarize current research progress of the transition from lung ADC to SCC as well as its correlation with drugresistance acquisition, which hopefully provides novel insights into lung cancer plasticity and drug resistance.

AIM: To explore the roles and associations of hepatocyte nuc lear factor 4 alpha (HNF4A) and mu-protocadherin (MUCDHL) in the kidney of diabetic mice. METHODS: (1) A cohort of six 12-week-old db/m mice and six db/db mice were selected and maintained on a standard diet until 16 weeks. The protein levels of fibronectin (FN), collagen type III (Col-III), E-cadherin, a-smooth muscle actin (a-SMA), HNF4A, Snail and MUCDHL in renal tissues were scrutinized using Western blot. Immunohistochemical staining was conducted to observe the distribution and expression of FN, HNF4A and MUCDHL. (2) Mouse renal tubular epithelial cells (mRTEC) were cultured in vitro and categorized into groups: normal glucose (NG) group, high glucose (HG) group, overexpression control groups (NG+vector and HG+vector), overexpression groups (NG+OE-MUCDHL, HG+OE-MUCDHL, NG+OE-HNF4A and HG+OE-HNF4A), knockdown control groups (NG+control and HG+control), and knockdown groups (NG+si-MUCDHL, HG+si-MUCDHL, NG+si-HNF4A and HG+si-HNF4A). The relevant protein levels were also detected by Western blot. RESULTS: (1) In db/db group, elevated body weight, blood glucose and urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR) indicated significant renal injury. Compared with db/m group, the mice in db/db group exhibited increased expression of FN, Col-III, a -SMA and Snail, and decreased expression of E-cadherin, HNF4A and MUCDHL. MUCDHL was predominantly expressed in the apical membrane of renal tubular epithelial cells, FN in the tubular mesenchyme, and HNF4A in the plasma and nucleus of renal tubular cells. (2) In HG group, there was an up-regulation in the expression of fibrosis-related proteins and a down-regulation in the expression of E-cadherin, HNF4A and MUCDHL compared with NG group. Overexpression of MUCDHL led to a decrease in the expression of FN, Col-III, a-SMA and Snail proteins, an increase in the expression of E-cadherin and MUCDHL proteins, and unaltered expression of HNF4A. Knockdown of MUCDHL resulted in a reversal of the aforementioned effects, with HNF4A expression remaining unaltered. Overexpression of HNF4A led to an increased expression of MUCDHL, and the expression changes of the remaining indicators were consistent with the overexpression of MUCDHL. Knockdown of HNF4A reversed the aforementioned effects. MUCDHL may represent a downstream target gene of HNF4A. CONCLUSION: The diminished expression of HNF4A and MUCDHL in the renal tubules of diabetic mice implies their involvement in the progression of renal fibrosis in diabetic kidney disease (DKD). HNF4A may potentially impede the progression of renal fibrosis in DKD by up-regulating the expression of MUCDHL. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To explore the effect of anterior alveolar bone reconstruction achieved through autogenous block bone from the wisdom teeth extraction zone in onlay grafting technique. Methods The 20 patients with bone de⁃ fect of anterior teeth area were selected. They all had impacted teeth with no infection factors of pericoronitis to be re⁃ moved. They were treated with autogenous block bone grafts from wisdom teeth extraction zone in onlay grafting tech⁃ nique respectively. The changes of thickness and the height of the bone measured from CBCT before and after 6 months of the surgery were carefully compared. Questionnaire from the patients opinion of acceptance was also be collected. Results Acceptance questionnaire showed an average score of 55 points (60 full score). Among them, 75% of paitients showed totally supportion and 25% showed basically supportion. The thickness was 6.73 ± 0.28 mm after the surgery compared with 2.26 ± 0.57 mm before the surgery which illustrated a significant difference (F = 6.32, P＜0.001). The height didn􀆳t change obviously before 14.32 ± 0.31 mm and after 14.56 ± 0.35 mm the surgery. The technique of using autogenous block bone from the wisdom teeth extraction zone improved the compliance of patients with surgery. It can provide good osteogenesis effect and solve other oral diseases at the same time. Conclusion The Onlay grafting tech⁃nique which using autogenous block bone from the wisdom teeth extraction zone was a simple and effective techniques for anterior alveolar bone augmentation.

As the main artery of the national economy, the national major livelihood project and the hub of the comprehensive transportation system, the status and role of high-speed railway stations are increasingly prominent, and the stations are faced with huge demand for carbon reduction and transformation challenges. This paper discussed the intelligent, green, and humanistic development path of the large high-speed railway station in cold regions, which had various design requirements, difficult construction, and high energy consumption. Taking Mudanjiang railway station as an example, starting from its actual functional requirements and characteristics, the concept was proposed which combining smart and low carbon into the full process of design, construction, operation, and maintenance. The concept provide a reference for the performance optimization, cost control and quality improvement of large high-speed railway passenger stations in cold regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To investigate the molecular characteristics of obacunone, and to screen and identify potential targets of obacunone against sepsis., Methods: The pharmacological parameters and molecular characteristics of obacunone were analyzed with the aid of the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database Analysis Platform (TCMSP). The potential targets of obacunone against sepsis were screened using SwissTargetPrediction and Drug Repositioning and Adverse Drug Reaction Chemical-Protein Interactome (DRAR-CPI) software, with a Z'-score < -0.5. The anti-sepsis targets of obacunone were selected by Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM), Comparative Toxicogenomics Database (CTD) and Therapeutic Target Database (TTD). The anti-sepsis potential target was identified by molecular docking software., Results: The oral bioavailability of obacunone was 81.58% and the drug-likeness was 0.57 indicating that obacunone showed good drug formation. A total of 242 potential targets were screened through SwissTargetPrediction and DRAR-CPI software, 13 targets were directly related to sepsis. Cathepsin G (CTSG), caspase-1 (CASP1), S100 calcium binding protein A9 (S100A9), protein C (inactivator of coagulation factors V a and VIII a, PROC), mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 (MAPK1), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), interleukin-10 (IL-10), migration inhibitory factor (MIF), complement C5a receptor 1 (C5AR1), caspase-3 (CASP3), CXC chemokine receptor 2 (CXCR2), thrombin receptor (F2R), nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) were identified as the potential targets for anti-sepsis of obacunone by molecular docking software, the free binding energies were -32.55, 1.26, -30.00, 300.08, -31.88, -30.29, -21.38, -30.79, 16 777.84, -21.80, 6 443.36, -20.38, -23.47 kJ/mol, respectively., Conclusions: Obacunone can inhibit blood coagulation and improve inflammatory response by regulating PROC and F2R. It regulates MIF, S100A9, G6PD and IL-10 to play a role in immune response. It regulates CTSG, CASP1, MAPK1, C5AR1 and CASP3 to protect sepsis-damaged organs. By regulating CXCR2, it can reduce the excessive migration of neutrophils to the site of inflammation, alleviate tissue damage. By regulating NAMPT, it improves cellular energy status, reduces oxidative stress, and protects cells from damage.

Objective To investigate the effect of Echinococcus granulosus cyst fluid(EgCF) on the cytoskeletal rearrangement and phagocytosis and the migration of macrophages induced by lipopolysaccharide(LPS). Methods Peritoneal macrophages of C57BL/6 mice were isolated and cultured in vitro, and divided into control group and LPS group and LPS combined with EgCF group. After 48 hours of treatment, filamentous actin (F-actin) changes were observed with rhodamine-labelled phalloidin staining and fluorescence microscopy; Transwell TM chamber was used to test cell migration ability and flow cytometry to test cell phagocytosis. After 1 hour of treatment, PI3K and AKT, phosphorylated AKT (p-AKT), Rac1, guanosine triphospho-Rac1 (GTP-Rac1), WASP and Arp2 protein expressions were detected with Western blot analysis. Results Compared with the control group, after LPS stimulation, macrophages were deformed significantly; pseudopodia increased; actin cytoskeleton increased and was more distributed in pseudopodia; the ability of migration and phagocytosis were significantly improved, and the expression of PI3K, p-AKT, GTP-Rac1, WASP and Arp2 proteins significantly increased. EgCF treatment caused cell shrinkage and disappearance of pseudopodia protrusions of LPS-activated cells, and led to the reduced phagocytic and migratory of cells; the protein expression of PI3K, p-AKT, GTP-Rac1, WASP and Arp2 decreased significantly compared with the LPS group. Conclusion LPS induces the migration and enhances phagocytosis of macrophages while EgCF inhibits these effects, which is related to actin cytoskeleton rearrangement.

Objective: To establish a modified method for microculturing whole human blood for cytogenetic analysis., Methods: A novel tube rack was designed to overcome the drawbacks of directly culturing the cells within centrifuge tubes. The fractions of human plasma, human serum and two commercial fetal bovine sera were analyzed with 15% sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). The influence of adding 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25% and 30% autologous plasma to the culture on lymphocyte transformation rate and mitotic index (MI) was examined., Results: The SDS-PAGE analysis showed a significant difference between commercial fetal bovine sera, and that the components of human plasma were similar to those of fetal bovine serum. The value of MI in lymphocyte was evidently increased along with addition of autologous plasma. However, this has exerted no significant effect on the transformation rate. With the addition of 10% autologous plasma, the MI value has become much higher than the conventional method., Conclusion: A modified method was established by application of a novel tube inclined rack and optimization of whole blood inoculation. This method is easier and cheaper, and is suitable for application in clinical practice.

Objective: Assessed the feasibility of application of free fibular flap and clinical significance of pre-operational contrast enhanced CT angiography in functional reconstruction of oral and maxillofacial hard and soft tissue defects., Method: Eight cases with mandibular and soft tissue defects received a free fibula flap using arteriovenous anastomosis anastomosis method. The relationship between fibula flap design, size, repair parts and survival were analyzed. Preoperative enhanced CT angiography (CTA) examination was conducted to detect any abnormal blood vessels in fibula flap valve area., Result: Peroneal artery and posterior tibial artery variation was identified in one case of gums cancer, who used other muscle flap. Free fibula flap in the other 7 cases survived, which carried a skin island with an area ranging from 6 cm x 2 cm to 10.0 cm x 3.5 cm. Postoperative facial appearance, functionality, dental occlusion and voice function was normal. Lower limb function returned to normal from 2 weeks to 4 months after surgery., Conclusion: CTA examination of the free vascularized fibula flap in the preoperative evaluation of the donor site is a valuable tool. Free fibula flap of bone, periosteum and bone marrow has a dual blood supply and are highly resistant to infection after transplantation. Personalized shaping osteotomy allowed for accurate recovery of mandibular alveolar patterns. Furthermore, the height and width of the fibula and the thickness of cortical bone is suitable for dental implants. Free fibula flap skin island can also be used to monitor the post-operative blood supply and is an ideal technique for mandible and soft tissue defects reconstruction as well as functional restoration.

Objective: To isolate, identify and analyze the sex-determining gene Transformer 2 (Aaetra2) of the major vector mosquito Aedes aegypti., Methods: tBLASTn program, RT-PCR and RACE methods were used to obtain the full-length cDNA of Aaetra2. Multiple alignments of nucleotide and amino acid sequences were conducted, and the different domains in tra2 protein were indentified. RT-PCR of the total RNA extracted from different tissue from the mosquitoes in different developmental stages was performed using specific primers., Results: Two genes, namely Aaetra2-α and Aaetra2-β, were identified in different supercontig locations. The multi-transcripts were expressed by means of alternative promoters or terminators. The different domains in tra2 protein were defined as RS-rich N-terminal region, RNA recognition motif-RRM, linker region, and RS-rich C-terminal region. Both Aaetra2-α and Aaetra2-β showed sustained expression throughout the developmental stages of Ae.aegypti, and in all the tissues without a sex specificity., Conclusion: Aaetra2 gene has multiple isoforms and is mapped to multiple locations in the genome. Aaetra2 has conservative functional domains of the sex-determining gene tra2. For Ae.agypti, Aaetra2 shows the potential as a new target for release of insects carrying a dominant lethal (RIDL) technology based on transgenic mosquitoes.