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According to the published articles, the capacity and output of silicone methyl monomer, the import and export of primary polysiloxane, the revenue of listed enterprises in silicone, the new projects, the formulation of policies in silicone in 2023 were summarized, and the R&D in silicone (including R&D investment of enterprises, self-developed projects of enterprises and R&D priorities in silicones) was also introduced. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

According to the published literature and information, the capacity and output of silicone methyl monomer, the import and export of primary polysiloxane, the revenues of listed silicone enterprises, the new projects, the formulation of policies and standards in silicone in 2022 were summarized, and the R&D in silicone industry (including R&D investment, self-developed projects and R&D priorities) was also introduced. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to explore the effects of different types of biochar on soil C and N in Chinese fir plantation, microbial C and N, dissolved organic C and N in Cunninghamia lanceolata plantation with different development stages were investigated in Xinkou Experiment Forest Farm, Sanming, Fujian Province. Results were showed that: after 4 years of application of wood-biochar, the content of soil microbial C and N, dissolved organic C and N in mature and middle stand was lower than the control. The content of soil microbial biomass C and N in young forest was lower than the control and the content of dissolved organic C and N was higher than the control, after 4 years application of bamboo-biochar, the content of microbial C and N in mature and young forest were lower than those in the control, the content of microbial C and N in mature forest and young forest were higher than those in the control, and the content of dissolved organic C and N lower than the control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To investigate thirdhand smoke (THS) pollution in certain places of Nanjing, as well as to analyze its distribution characteristics., Methods: From March to May, 2014, we selected 3 types of places (residencies, public places and transportation vehicles) that were close to people's living in Jianye,Yuhua,Jiangning,Xuanwu,Gulou and Pukou districts of Nanjing city.For each of the above 3 types of places, 2-3 smoking and non-smoking (smoking ban) locations were investigated, totally 51 locations, 9-10 samples were collected each location, totally 477 samples. The surface wipe sampling method in conjunction with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was utilized to quantify the levels of nicotine that served as the tracer of THS pollution.One-way ANOVA and t-tests were employed to compare the levels of nicotine collected at different places and locations., Results: Totally 477 samples were collected in this study, of which 27.0% was from residencies (129/477), 61.0% (291/477) from public places and 11.9% (57/477) from transportations. The levels of indoor surface nicotine in smoking residences, public places and transportations were (214 ± 55),(1 408 ± 177) and (1 511 ± 785) µg/m(2), respectively, which were all higher than those in the corresponding non-smoking places ((23 ± 9),(62 ± 11), and (46 ± 15) µg/m(2); t values were 13.79, 13.15, 3.45, respectively. P values were <0.001, <0.001 and 0.006, respectively).In the smoking places, the levels of surface nicotine on walls, desks, sofas, cabinets, door backsides and air conditioning openings were (171 ± 62),(232 ± 38),(373 ± 151),(903 ± 239), (978 ± 212), (1 721 ± 517) µg/m(2) (F = 7.06, P = 0.009).In the smoking condition, the levels of surface nicotine collected from public places were higher (F = 9.25, P = 0.024), while under non-smoking (smoking ban) conditions, the levels of surface nicotine collected from residences were lower (F = 7.88, P < 0.001)., Conclusion: THS pollution was widespread in public places, residences and transportations in Nanjing city, which was more serious in the smoking environments than non-smoking (smoking ban) environments; the contamination was less serious in non-smoking (smoking ban) private residences; in the smoking condition, the levels of surface nicotine were relatively high at locations close to air conditioning openings, door backsides and cabinets.