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Hyperuricemia (HUA) is a disease caused by excessive production and/or inadequate excretion of uric acid (UA) in the body, and persistent HUA can lead to gout. Asymptomatic HUA is closely related to other metabolic diseases, such as chronic kidney disease, diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Probiotic intervention is a potentially safe, cost-effective treatment to improve HUA. This paper mainly describes the mechanisms of action of probiotics in reducing the level of uric acid, including inhibiting xanthine oxidase activity, absorbing and degrading purines in the intestine, regulating intestinal flora homeostasis and restoring intestinal barrier function. In addition, probiotics can promote uric acid excretion and consequently reduced uric acid levels by promoting the expression of urate transport proteins and inhibiting the expression of urate reabsorbing proteins. Probiotics have great potential in alleviating HUA. This review hopes to provide a theoretical basis for subsequent research.

Background and purpose: Immunohistochemistry (IHC) expression of programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) is the most widely used biomarker for predicting the efficacy of esophageal cancer immunotherapy, and accurate and reliable PD-L1 testing is crucial for screening potential beneficiaries of immunotherapy. This study aimed to investigate the expression of PD-L1 in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and the consistency and correlation of IHC detection of seven different clones of PD-L1 antibody, and to provide reference for the gradual standardization of PD-L1 IHC detection and follow-up clinical research of esophageal cancer. Methods: This study collected surgically resected and pathologically confirmed specimens from 146 ESCC patients in Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center from January 2020 to December 2021, and specimens were stained with seven antibodies: PD-L1 22C3, SP263, 28-8, E1L3N XP, CST E1L3N, BP6099 and MXR006, respectively. The consistency of the antibodies was statistically analyzed in different cut-off values using three scoring criteria: comprehensive positive score (CPS), tumor cell proportional score (TPS) and immune cell score (IPS). Results: The results of PD-L1 22C3, SP263 and 28-8 antibodies demonstrated that the consistency between the three antibodies was substantial (Kappa: 0.66-0.80) when CPS cut-off was 10, and the consistency of PD-L1 28-8 with 22C3 and SP263 antibodies was substantial (Kappa=0.80, 0.65) whereas the consistency between PD-L1 22C3 and SP263 was moderate (Kappa=0.49) when CPS cut-off was 1. The three antibodies showed a high consistency when TPS cut-off was 10% and 1% (Kappa: 0.79-0.89, 0.71-0.91). The companion diagnostic PD-L1 22C3 clone antibody and the four domestic clone antibodies E1L3N XP, CST E1L3N, BP6099 and MXR006 consistency study showed that the consistency between the five antibodies was substantial (Kappa: 0.67-0.88, 0.65-0.79) when CPS cut-off was 10 and TPS cut-off was 10%, and the consistency between the five antibodies was substantial or moderate when CPS cut-off was 1 (Kappa: 0.58-0.88). When TPS cut-off was 1%, there was an excellent consistency between the five antibodies (Kappa: 0.85-0.92). Using IPS cut-off of 1% or 10%, the five antibodies showed moderate or poor consistency (Kappa: 0.30-0.62). Conclusion: PD-L1 22C3, SP263 and 28-8 antibodies showed high consistency. PD-L1 22C3 and four domestic antibodies PD-L1 E1L3N XP, CST E1L3N, BP6099 and MXR006 antibodies showed moderate consistency in CPS and TPS, while the consistency was poor in IPS. These antibodies are interchangeable with each other, providing more selectivity for clinical testing needs.

Osteoporosis afflicts 200 million patients worldwide. With the aging of the global population, the incidence of osteoporosis will continue to increase, and the prevention of osteoporosis has become an urgent problem in the field of public health. This paper analyzes the mechanisms by which milk and dairy products as well as their components such as minerals, vitamins, protein, fat and lactose modulate the intestinal flora and in turn affect calcium absorption and bone health. The interventional effects of dairy products fortified with vitamin D, prebiotics and/or probiotics in different populations and their effect in reducing the risk of osteoporosis are reviewed. The interventional effects of dairy products and plant-based milk are compared. This review hopes to provide a scientific reference for precision intervention with dairy products to improve bone health.

The inhibitory activity of some fungicides against kiwifruit canker was evaluated by ultraviolet spectrophotometer. Mixing two active fungicides, nano-magnesium hydroxide was used as the drug carrier to study loading capacity to the mixed fungicide. The synergistic effect nano-magnesium hydroxide on the anti-kiwifruit canker bacteria of the mixed compound fungicide was evaluated. Besides, the field application effect of compounded drags loaded with nano-Mg (OH) 2 was studied. The results showed that the tested bactericidal agents all showed a certain inhibitory activity against kiwifruit canker. Among them, the compound drag- nano-Mg (OH) 2 had the best antibacterial activity with an EC50 of 23.50 µg/mL, followed by the compound drug with an EC50 of 42.11 µg/mL. The use of nano-magnesium hydroxide as the drag carrier has a good synergistic effect on the drug against kiwifruit canker. It can significantly improve the antibacterial activity of the drug. And the content of nano-Mg (OH) 2 has a significant effect on drug loading and encapsulation efficiency. When the magnesium hydroxide content was increased from 1 mg to 3.5 mg, the drug loading increased by 43% and the encapsulation efficiency increased by 11%. In addition, the compound drag- nano-Mg (OH) 2 carrier agent has a good field control effect on kiwifruit canker, and the control effect can reach 73.8%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

β-lactoglobulin (β-LG) is an important natural active nutrient and one of the main allergens in bovine milk. β-lactoglobulin is about 50% of the total whey protein, is the major whey protein in bovine milk, has strong heat sensitivity and allergenicity, and plays a key role in the high-quality dairy industry, not only as an evaluation index of heat treatment intensity of milk, but also as the marker protein of milk allergens in food. Therefore, it is very important to effectively identify and detect bovine β-lactoglobulin. Thirteen variants of bovine β-lactoglobulin have been reported, of which A and B are the common variants whose content are the highest. According to different detection principles, the article briefly describes three kinds of detection methods of milk β-lactoglobulin variants in recent years, and summarizes the principles, advantages, disadvantages and some application examples of electrophoresis, chromatography and immunoassay. The two quantitative methods of liquid chromatography and capillary electrophoresis were introduced emphatically, and the future development direction of bovine β-lactoglobulin was prospected. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a virus that causes defects in the human immune system. HIV can abnormally activate immune cells, greatly reduce CD4 +T lymphocytes in the intestine, weaken the defense against pathogenic bacteria, make intestinal immune dysfunction, imbalance of intestinal flora, and cause other system abnormalities. In clinical practice, anti retroviral therapy (ART) is accompanied by diarrhea, nausea, allergy and other adverse reactions. In recent years, studies have found that the combination of probiotics and ART treatment can regulate intestinal flora, inhibit bacterial translocation, and reduce the inflammatory coefficient of HIV infected people. This article mainly summarizes the efficacy and mechanism of adjuvant treatment of HIV patients by supplementing a variety of probiotics after the intestinal microecological changes caused by HIV. It shows that dietary adjuvant treatment of HIV infection with probiotics has a positive effect and is an economic and feasible treatment method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the distributed power system with more sources, the application of multiple-input converter instead of using several single-input converters can simplify the circuit , decrease the cost of the power system, but also improve the reliability of the power system. A new double-input Sepic DC/DC converter is proposed in this paper. The proposed topology has the following advantages: the circuit is simple，the voltage gain is high, the voltage stress of the switches is low and the sources can deliver power to the load individually or simultaneously. The operation modes and the steady-state analysis are presented. Finally, the MATLAB simulation and experiments on an output power 200 W prototype verify the correctness of the theoretical analysis.

Qi Jun's novels, The Chignon and The Orange Turns Red, illustrate the ethical order and concepts of traditional family life and the moral anxiety and ethical dilemmas that arise within static and enclosed family environments. The narrator, "I" deeply cherishes the bygone family home with its imprints of the era. However, with a modern rational consciousness, the narrator also perceives the contradictions and crises within. The voice of questioning and reflection becomes more prominent, and the ethical conflicts at the narrative level become increasingly apparent. Qi Jun's background further complicates the ethical choices depicted in her works. Firstly, the author's ethical choices, under her awareness, align perfectly with the moral norms of traditional families. Secondly, her sense of identity generates moral pressure, leading to sharp contradictions between individual ethical choices and societal ethical standards. Thirdly, the roles of "daughter" and "niece" that the narrator corresponds to imply deeper ethical dilemmas under the sense of identity. Moral anxiety and the yearning to break free from it become the emotional foundation and creative driving force of Qi Jun's family stories. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sialic acid is an acidic monosaccharide with a 9-carbon skeleton, which is usually located at the end of non reducing oligosaccharides. Human milk is rich in sialic acid, which plays an important role in promoting the brain and cognitive development of infants and young children, antivirus and other aspects. At present, sialic acid is mainly prepared by microbial fermentation in industry. This paper analyzed the principle, method and prospect of sialic acid in infant food from the aspects of its properties, distribution, function and preparation methods, so as to provide theoretical support for improving the application of sialic acid in maternal and infant food. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to solve the existing problems of measuring the fiber length of cashmere fibers by the hand row method and the photoelectric method in the current standard, we have developed a new method that can quickly test the length of cashmere and loose pile-the double whisker photoelectric method. Nine kinds of carded cashmere were selected and tested by GB 18267-2013 'Cashmere' test method and double whisker photoelectric method. The results showed that the average length and short pile rate of cashmere roots tested by the double whisker photoelectric method were not significantly different from those measured by the hand row method; the frequency distribution of the root number measured by the two methods was consistent. The sample volume of the double whisker photoelectric method is much larger than the manual row method. The length variation coefficient between multiple whisker clusters of the double whisker photoelectric method is small, the test result is stable, and it is not affected by artificial technology and human factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mingyazi tunnel was used to study the complexity and variety of stress release process during the construction process of soft rock tunnel. Field test and numerical simulation methods were employed to analyze the stress release characteristics during the construction process of Mingyazi tunnel. It was known that the upper step construction has less influence on the pressure release of surrounding rock. The pressure release rate of the surrounding rock increased sharply with the excavation of the middle steps. The pressure release rate of surrounding rock was accelerated to a certain extent when the lower steps were dug. The pressure release rate of the surrounding rock was slowed by the closing of the inverted arch. The peripheral displacement can be used as the basis for the determination of surrounding rock pressure release. The relationship between the load release characteristics during the construction process and construction sequence as well as displacement were obtained. This can be used as a reference for the design and construction of soft rock tunnel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposes and implements a new method for typification of ditches with almost parallel pattern. In this method, azimuth relation graph of ditches is established first, by generating the maximum complete subgraph of the connected components in which ditches having almost parallel pattern are extracted then. Next, cognition distance between ditches is defined according to the laws of visual cognition and then ditches are grouped based on the edge-cutting of the minimal spanning tree of ditches. Afterwards, ditches in each group are re-represented based on K-means++ algorithm. Finally, typification result is evaluated through comparing the similarity between the contour of ditches and the variation of ditch density before and after typification. Experiment using data of Guangzhou city validates that the proposed method can implement the typification of ditches effectively [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pesticide residues in food and their hazardous effects have attracted much attention given the increased and widespread use of pesticides. The long-term consumption of food containing pesticide residues is an important pathway for the gradual accumulation of pesticides in the human body. Urine is often monitored as a biological sample for low-dose exposure to pesticides, and urine collection is a relatively convenient sampling technique in general population research. In order to effectively monitor residual levels of multiple pesticides in human urine and provide an important technological approach for health risk assessment, a rapid screening and confirmatory detection method for 118 pesticides in urine was established using QuEChERS method as a pretreatment combined with ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS). The 118 pesticides analyzed included organophosphorus, carbamate, neonicotinoid, and strobilurin fungicides and other widely used pesticides. Following systematic optimization of the pretreatment process, LC separation conditions, and MS/MS parameters, 118 pesticides were extracted from urine samples and analyzed within 2 h. In brief, the target analytes in 5 mL urine samples were extracted with 10 mL of acetonitrile and added with 5 g of anhydrous MgSO 4 and 1 g of NaCl as water-removal and salting-out agents, respectively. After centrifugation, 6 mL of the supernatant was cleaned using the QuEChERS method with 300 mg of C 18 , 300 mg of primary secondary amine (PSA) and 900 mg of anhydrous MgSO 4 as the purification adsorbent. After nitrogen blowing and solubilization, the 118 target analytes were separated on a ZORBAX Eclipse Plus C 18 analytical chromatographic column (100 mm×2.1 mm, 1.8 μm) with gradient elution using (A) 0.01% formic acid aqueous solution (containing 2 mmol/L ammonium formate) and (B) 0.01% formic acid methanol solution (containing 2 mmol/L ammonium formate) as mobile phases. The gradient elution program was as follows: 0-0.5 min, 5%B; 0.5-1.5 min, 5%B-20%B; 1.5-2.5 min, 20%B-50%B; 2.5-8.0 min, 50%B-80%B; 8.0-9.0 min, 80%B-98%B; 9.0-11.0 min, 98%B; 11.0-11.5 min, 98%B-5%B; 11.5-15.0 min, 5%B. The analytes were then determined by UHPLC-MS/MS with positive/negative ion switching in dynamic multiple-reaction monitoring mode and quantified using the external standard method. The results indicated that the proposed method can determine 118 pesticides in urine simultaneously and rapidly. The limits of detection and limits of quantification were 0.10 and 0.50 μg/L, respectively, and the matrix effects were less than 20%for all targeted compounds. The recoveries of the 118 pesticides in urine were between 70.2% and 104% at three spiked levels of 0.50, 1.00, and 5.00 μg/L, and the relative standard deviations ranged from 2.8% to 9.3%. The method was applied to 10 actual urine samples, and the results revealed the presence of six pesticides, including thiamethoxam, clothianidin, acetamiprid, dinotefuran, isoproturon, and dimethomorph, with contents ranging from

Accurate segmentation of pediatric echocardiograms is a challenging task, because significant heart-size changes with age and faster heart rate lead to more blurred boundaries on cardiac ultrasound images compared with adults. To address these problems, a dual decoder network model combining channel attention and scale attention is proposed in this paper. Firstly, an attention-guided decoder with deep supervision strategy is used to obtain attention maps for the ventricular regions. Then, the generated ventricular attention is fed back to multiple layers of the network through skip connections to adjust the feature weights generated by the encoder and highlight the left and right ventricular areas. Finally, a scale attention module and a channel attention module are utilized to enhance the edge features of the left and right ventricles. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method in this paper achieves an average Dice coefficient of 90.63% in acquired bilateral ventricular segmentation dataset, which is better than some conventional and state-of-the-art methods in the field of medical image segmentation. More importantly, the method has a more accurate effect in segmenting the edge of the ventricle. The results of this paper can provide a new solution for pediatric echocardiographic bilateral ventricular segmentation and subsequent auxiliary diagnosis of congenital heart disease.

Objective To investigate the underlying molecular mechanism of methyl-CpG-binding protein 2 (MeCP2) inhibiting interleukin 6 (IL-6) transcriptional activity by observing the sequence of methylated IL-6 promoter, overexpression of MeCP2, and transcription factor P300 in HEK293 cells. Methods The binding site of P300 in the IL-6 promoter region was confirmed by electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA); the IL-6 promoter sequence was ligated into luciferase reporter plasmid and transfected into HEK293 cells. The methylation of the promoter was mediated by clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats-deactivated Cas9 (CRISPR-dCas9)-mediated DNA methyltransferase 3A (DNMT3A) transfection, and then MeCP2 and P300 overexpression plasmids were transfected. The bisulfate sequencing PCR(BSP)was used to analyze the cytosine methylation in the IL-6 promoter region of each group. The contents of intracellular MeCP2 and P300 were detected by the Western blot. A chemiluminescence detector was used to determine the luciferase activity of HEK293 cells. The binding level of P300 and MeCP2 in the IL-6 promoter region was analyzed by chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by sequencing(ChIP-seq). Results EMSA confirmed the presence of P300 binding sites in the IL-6 promoter of mice. CRISPR-dCas9-DNMT3A transfection into HEK293 cells successfully methylated the IL-6 promoter. MeCP2 and P300 overexpression plasmid steadfastly synthesized the target protein and was not affected by other transfection. Compared with the unmodified promoter, methylation could reduce the transcriptional activity of the promoter. When P300 was overexpressed, MeCP2 could further inhibit the transcriptional activity of the promoter, when compared with methylation alone. Also, overexpression of P300 could not promote the transcriptional activity of IL-6 promoter after the methylation modified promoter combined with MeCP2, while the overexpression of P300 enhanced the transcriptional activity when the promoter was not methylated or MeCP2 was not overexpressed. ChIP-seq analysis revealed that the methylated IL-6 promoter showed no difference in binding to P300; however, when combined with MeCP2, the binding capacity would be repressed. Conclusion The combination of MeCP2 with methylated IL-6 promoter can inhibit the binding of the transcription factor to the promoter, thereby impeding the transcriptional activity of the promoter.

Objective: To explore the risk factors of anxiety and depression in patients with suspected coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) so as to achieve early intervention and better clinical prognosis., Methods: Seventy-six patients with suspected COVID-19 in fever isolation wards of Second Hospital of Lanzhou University were enrolled From January 31, 2020 to February 22, 2020. Their clinical baseline data were collected. The anxiety of patients was assessed by Hamilton Anxiety Scale, and the depression of patients was assessed by Hamilton Depression Scale. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis was performed to explore the risk factors of anxiety and depression in these patients., Results: Female patients are more likely to have anxiety ( OR =3.206, 95% CI : 1.073-9.583, P <0.05) and depression ( OR =9.111, 95% CI : 2.143-38.729, P <0.01) than male patients; patients with known contact history of epidemic area and personnel in epidemic area are more likely to have depression ( OR =3.267, 95% CI : 1.082-9.597, P <0.05)., Conclusions: During the isolation treatment of suspected COVID-19 patients, early psychological intervention should be carried out for the female patients with known contact history of epidemic area and personnel in epidemic area, and drug treatment should be given in advance if necessary.

Objective: To analyze the relationship between the transaminase activity in serum and metabolic syndrome( MS) and its related indicators in Hui and Han nationality of Ningxia Province., Methods: Using the method of case-control study, people of regional organizations who received regular health checks in the General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University and Wuzhong City People's Hospital from the October 2011 to October 2012 were enrolled in the study. According to inclusion and exclusion criteria, we selected 877 unrelated cases with metabolic syndrome as the case group and 655 unrelated health cases as control group. Date were collected through questionnaire investigation, physical examination and laboratory tests. The association between the transaminase activity and MS was analyzed by Chi-square test, t test and analysis of variance., Results: The average levels and abnormality rate of AST and ALT in case group were significantly higher than that of control group, especially the average levels and abnormality rate of ALT, there were significant difference( t =-3. 971, t =-6. 048, χ2= 11. 556, χ2=33. 231, all P < 0. 01). To control the AST and ALT levels of seventy-five percent in control group and 40 U/L as the boundary and divided all the research object into low, medium and high groups. After adjustment for gender, age, nationality, culture degree, smoking and drinking, the odds ratios for MS were 1. 663( 95% CI 1. 263-2. 189) and2. 126( 95% CI 1. 586-2. 852) in the people with the medium AST, ALT levels people and low AST and ALT levels people, the odds ratios for MS were 2. 801( 95% CI 1. 696-4. 624) and 4. 918( 95% CI 2. 980-8. 116) in the people with the high AST, ALT levels people and low AST and ALT levels people, the odds ratios for MS were 2. 517( 95% CI1. 530-4. 142) and 4. 194( 95% CI 2. 554-6. 885) in the people with the high AST, ALT levels people and low and medium AST and ALT levels people. With the number of components of metabolic syndrome increases, the average levels of AST, ALT increased gradually, there were significant difference( F = 7. 742, F = 11. 753, all P < 0. 01). Comparing the average levels of AST and ALT of different age groups, except the control group, there were significant difference( all P < 0. 05). The average levels of AST and ALT of Hui is higher than that of Han nationality, but there were no significant difference( all P > 0. 05). The average levels of AST and ALT of male was significantly higher than that of female, there were significant difference in addition to the average levels of AST of case group( all P < 0. 01). There were significant difference in the average levels of AST, ALT in case, control and total survey population between different BMI levels( all P <0. 05)., Conclusion: The average levels of AST and ALT are closely related with the incidence of MS, in normal range, the levels of AST and ALT on the high side can increase the risk of MS, and the risk of MS creased significantly in the abnormal increase ones. The levels of AST and ALT can become an important factor to predict the risk of MS, synthetically evaluate the risk factors of MS and predict the progress of the MS.

Objective: To investigate the effect of sunitinib on the expressions of co-stimulatory molecule ligands, programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1), PD-L2, CD80, CD86, B7-H4 and herpes virus entry mediator (HVEM) on peripheral blood monocyte-derived dendritic cells (DCs) from patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC)., Methods: Monocyte-derived DCs from patients with RCC were cultured in vitro and randomly divided into three groups: sunitinib combined with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), LPS only and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) treatment. Sunitinib plus LPS group was pretreated with 200 ng/mL sunitinib for 12 hours followed by stimulated with 1 μg/mL LPS for 24 hours; LPS group was pretreated with 1 μL/mL DMSO for 12 hours and then stimulated with 1 μg/mL LPS for 24 hours; DMSO group was treated with 1 μL/mL DMSO for 36 hours. Morphological changes were observed by an inverted microscope. Flow cytometry was used to detect the expressions of PD-L1, PD-L2, CD80, CD86, B7-H4 and HVEM., Results: Sunitinib-LPS co-treated and LPS-treated cells had typical dendrites, while DMSO-treated cells had no obvious dendrites. Compared with the LPS-treated group, the expressions of CD80, PD-L1 and B7-H4 on DCs significantly decreased in the sunitinib-LPS group; the expressions of PD-L1, PD-L2, CD80, CD86, B7-H4 and HVEM were lower in the DMSO group., Conclusion: Sunitinib inhibits the expressions of CD80, PD-L1 and B7-H4 on DCs induced by LPS.

Objective: To study the compliance and its related factors of gout patients during the intercritical period., Methods: A total of 218 gout patients were recruited. Compliance and cognition of gout were evaluated via telephone interview. Case control study was performed between compliance patients and non-compliance ones to explore the factors affecting patients' compliance. The association between compliance scores and cognition scores was evaluated by linear regression and correlation analysis., Results: Of 218 patients, 136 valid questionnaires were collected. The investigation showed that 52.9% (72/136) had more than 20 gout attacks so far. Only 15.4% (21/136) patients had no gout attack during the latest one year. The average compliance score was 3.93 ± 1.78 (total score was 8), and the percentage of non-compliance was 69.9% (95/136). Cognition score was 65.63 ± 18.63 (total score was 100). Among the 136 gout patients, 37 patients (27.2%) were non-cognition, 54 (39.7%) were partial-cognition and 45 (33.1%) were fully-cognition. Only 50.7% (69/136) accepted the concept of long term treatment with urate lowering drugs (ULD), 19.9% (27/136) patients knew the uric acid target and 29.4% (40/136) patients had no confidence to control this disease. Case control study revealed that the percentage of non-cognition in non-compliance group was higher than compliance group, and that of partial-cognition and fully-cognition were lower, although differences had no statistical significance (P > 0.05). Besides, health insurance was better for compliance group (P > 0.05). There was linear correlation between compliance and cognition scores (t = 6.83, P < 0.01) among gout patients., Conclusion: This study indicates that efforts should be made to improve recognition and medical coverage for gout, which could be a very rewarding strategy for patients' compliance and gout control.

Objective: To analyze the relationship between WBC count levels and type 2 diabetes mellitus in Hui and Han nationality of Ningxia., Methods: Using the method of case-control study, people of regional organizations and institutions aged 20 - 60 who received medical health checkup and endocrine patients in General Hospital of Ningxia Medical College and WuZhong city People's Hospital from October 2011 to October 2012 were enrolled in the study. According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria of T2DM patients and control groups, with gender, ethnic and age are not more than 3 years old cases and controls of matching, the T2DM group (case group) of 351 cases and non-T2DM group (control group) of 655 cases were determined. These subjects underwent questionnaire investigation, understand first, like the situation, the way of life, disease and medication history, family history. Physical examination: including height, weight, waist circumference (WC), systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and according to the height and weight to calculate body mass index (BMI), and laboratory tests, triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein (HDL-C), low density lipoprotein (LDL-C), blood uric acid (UA ), nmda aminotransferase ( AST) , alanine aminotransferase (ALT), blood biochemical indexes. Results Diabetes group of average age (50.28 + 8.32), 194 patients with male, (55.27%), 157 patients with female (44.73%) and control group in average age (50. 17 + 7. 14) , including 337 men (51.45% ) and 318 women (48.55%). Average age, gender, the proportion between the two groups had no statistical significance of difference. The white blood cell value of T2DM group (6.66 x 10(9) ± 1.61 x 10(9)/L) was higher than that of non-T2DM group (6.11 x 10(9) ± 1.49 x 10(9)/L), there was a significant difference (t = -5.430, P < 0.01); Comparing the mean value of white blood cell of Hui (6.459 x 10(9) ± 1.45 x 10(9)/L) and Han nationality (6.169 x 10(9) ± 1.63 x 10(9)/L), there was a significant difference (P < 0.05). T2DM group, the abnormal level of white blood cell was 2.6%, that of non-T2DM group was 0.8%, The T2DM group was significantly higher than that of non-T2DM group (χ2 = 4.168, P = 0.041). Comparing the abnormal level of white blood cell of Hui and Han nationality, there was no significant difference. After adjustment for age, gender, nation, TG, TC, HDL, LDL, ALT, AST and blood glucose, the odds ratios for T2MD were 4.072 in the people with the WBC abnormal people and the WBC normal people. After adjustment for age, gender sick or not, TG, TC, HDL, LDL, ALT, AST and blood glucose, the odds ratios for WBC increased were 1. 582 in the people with the Hui and Han nationality., Conclusion: The WBC count levels are closely associated with type 2 diabetes, and with the increase of the level, the association enhanced gradually, the WBC may be involved in the occurrence and development of type 2 diabetes. there is a certain relationship between ethnic genetic factors and the WBC count level.

Objective: To investigate the association between occupational psychological stress and metabolic syndrome (MS) in Hui and Han populations in Ningxia, China., Methods: A 1:1 matched case-control study was performed. A total of 600 unrelated patients aged from 20 to 60 years who were clearly diagnosed with MS in General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University and Wuzhong People's Hospital from October 2011 to October 2012 were collected as the case group (MS group). A total of 600 healthy people who underwent a regular health examination in the same hospital during the same period were selected as the control group with matched gender, nationality, and age (≤ ± 3 years). The self-designed questionnaire was used to investigate the general situations and do the physical examination, and the fasting venous blood samples were collected for laboratory biochemical blood tests. The Occupational Stress Inventory (OSI) was used to investigate the subjects' occupational stress factors and stress levels., Results: With the increase in stress levels, the levels of WC, FPG, TG, AST, and UA were increased, WHR, SBP, and DBP first increased and then decreased, and the level of HDL-C increased. There were statistically significant differences in these parameters between the two groups (P < 0.05 or 0.01). The occupational psychological stress test results showed that the total score of stress factors (t = 6.676, P < 0.05), workload (t = 10.269, P < 0.05), interpersonal relationship (t = 6.569, P < 0.05), family/work balance (t = 2.028, P < 0.05), cognitive load (t = 8.714, P < 0.05), and other scores (t = 2.838, P < 0.05) in the MS group were all significantly higher than those in the control group, but there were no significant differences in the scores of management role, work responsibilities, and organizational climate between the MS group and the control group (P>0.05). There were no significant differences in the total score of stress factors and the score of each factor between Hui and Han groups (P>0.05). The relative risks of MS in the people with moderate stress exposure were 2.325 and 2.331 times those in the people with mild stress exposure before and after adjustment for age, gender, education level, marriage status, smoking, and drinking, and the relative risks for MS in the people with severe stress exposure were 3.000 and 3.126 times those in the people with mild stress exposure. There were significant differences in the detection rates of abdominal obesity, high TG, low HDL-C, hypertension, hyperglycemia, and diabetes between the sub-groups with different stress levels in the MS group (χ² = 17.636, 8.514, 14.640, 14.280, and 33.323, P < 0.01). The results of multivariate conditional logistic regression analysis showed that the risk factors for MS were SBP, TG, LDL-C, UA, BMI, fasting blood glucose, family history of hypertension, family history of diabetes, and the level of psychological stress in Ningxia, and the protective factor for MS was HDL-C., Conclusion: The occupational psychological stress is closely associated with MS, and it is an environmental risk factor for MS. With the increase in the stress level, the detection rates of MS components and the relative risk for MS are significantly increased. And there is no significant difference in the level of occupational psychological stress between the Hui and Han nationality groups.

Objective: To observe the changes of programmed death-1 ligand 1 (PD-L1) and PD-L2 expressions on mouse bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (DCs) stimulated by sunitinib., Methods: DCs were randomly divided into four groups which were treated with sunitinib (100, 200, 300 ng/mL) and dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), respectively. After 48 hours, PD-L1 and PD-L2 expression levels were analyzed by flow cytometry., Results: Compared with the control group, the expression of PD-L1 on mature DCs (mDCs) and all DCs [including mature DCs and immature DCs (imDCs)] was significantly down-regulated in sunitinib treatment groups. The PD-L1 expression percentages of imDCs, mDCs and DCs were significantly reduced in sunitinib treatment groups; the percentage of mDCs expressing PD-L2 also dropped in all treatment groups, and the percentage of DCs expressing PD-L2 decreased in 100 and 300 ng/mL sunitinib treatment groups., Conclusion: Sunitinib can significantly reduce the expressions of PD-L1 and PD-L2 on mouse DCs.

Objective: To investigate the relationship between the number and maturation of dendritic cell (DC) and microvessel density (MVD) in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (CCRCC)., Methods: CCRCC paraffin-embedded tissues and surrounding normal tissues were collected from 30 cases of CCRCC who underwent operations in No. 307 hospital of PLA during July, 2010 to January, 2013. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expressions of CD11c, MHC-II, and CD34 to analyze the relationship among them., Results: The positive expression rate of CD11c in CCRCC tissues [(93.08±66.14)%] was higher than that in the surrounding tissues [(25.91±12.29)%]. MVD in CCRCC tissues (26.31±11.05) was significantly higher than that in the surrounding tissues (12.78±5.49). The permillage of MHC-II positive DC in CCRCC tissues [(9.65±3.61)%] was significantly lower than that in the surrounding tissues [(17.60±6.26)%]. There was a negative correlation between the MVD value and the expression of MHC-II; there was no correlation between the MVD and the expression of CD11c. Positive expressions of various indicators in CCRCC tissues were not related to patients' age, sex, and TNM classification., Conclusion: In CCRCC tissues, there were higher MVD and more DCs than in the surrounding tissues, yet there were less mature DCs. There was a negative correlation between the MVD and the maturation of DC.

An analytical method was developed for the determination of the residues of five environmental estrogens, including estriol, estradiol, estrone, bisphenol A and diethylstilbestrol, in the cow feed and soil by solid phase extraction (SPE) and high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS). The important parameters which affect the determination efficiency such as the mobile phase, the condition of mass spectrometry and solid phase extraction column were optimized. The optimal determination conditions were as follows: the sample was extracted with acetonitrile at first, then cleaned-up with an NH2-SPE column, and an Acquity UPLC HSS T3 column was selected to separate the analytes. Acetonitrile-methanol (4: 1, v/v) and 0.01% ammonia aqueous solution were used as the mobile phase by gradient elution in the negative mode. The limits of detection (LOD, S/N = 3) were 0.06 - 0.22 microg/kg. The overall recoveries varied from 81.70% to 102.20%, and the relative standard deviations (RSDs) were all less than 10.00%. This method is simple, sensitive and accurate, and suitable for the determination of environmental estrogens in cow feed and soil.

By using analytical hierarchy process (AHP) and Delphi method, a total of 30 representative evaluation factors in the aspects of tourism resources quantity, environmental quantity, tourism conditions, and tourism functions were chosen to build up a comprehensive quantitative evaluation model to evaluate the eco-tourism resources of Yichun forest region in Northeast China. The results showed that in Yichun forest region, the natural eco-tourism resources were superior to the humanity resources. On the regional distribution of favorable level eco-tourism resources quantity, 4 sites were very prominent, i.e., north (Jiayin) -center (Yichun) -east (Jinshantun) -south (Tieli). As for the distribution of eco-tourism resources type, it was basically in the sequence of north (Jiayin, Tangwang River, Wuying) -center (Yichun, Shangganling) -east (Jinshantun, Meixi) -south (Teli, Dailing). Based on the above analyses, Yichun forest region could be divided into four tourism areas, i.e., the south, the east, the central, and the north. Aimed at the special features of each area, the initial development directions were introduced.

With pot experiment and simulating field ecological environment, this paper studied the effects of different slow/ controlled release N fertilizers on the soil nitrate - reductase and urease activities and microbial biomass C and N at maize seedling stage. The results showed that granular urea amended with dicyandiamide (DCD) and N-(n-bultyl) thiophosphoric triamide (NBPT) induced the highest soil nitrate-reductase activity, granular urea brought about the highest soil urease activity and microbial biomass C and N, while starch acetate (SA)-coated granular urea, SA-coated granular urea amended with DCD, methyl methacrylate (MMA) -coated granular urea amended with DCD, and no N fertilization gave a higher soil urease activity. Soil microbial C and N had a similar variation trend after applying various kinds of test slow/controlled release N fertilizers, and were the lowest after applying SA-coated granular urea amended with DCD and NBPT. Coated granular urea amended with inhibitors had a stronger effect on soil biological activities than coated granular urea, and MMA-coating had a better effect than SA-coating.

Pot experiment showed that after 30 days of transgenic Bt rice planting and by the end of the growth season of transgenic Bt cotton, the contents of soil total C, total N, alkali-hydrolyzable N, and available P and S had no significant difference with the control, which suggested that there was a little disturbance in the cycle and balance of soil nutrients after a short period of transgenic Bt crops planting.

This study showed that the amounts of Bt toxin expressed in transgenic Bt cotton leaves and stems (103.5 - 134.1 ng x g(-1)) were rather higher than those expressed in transgenic Bt cotton roots (44.7 - 21.2 ng x g(-1)), indicating that total amount of soil Bt toxin introduced by transgenic Bt cotton could be decreased through treating its above-ground biomass. In comparing with the amount of Bt toxin expressed in transgenic Bt cotton plant, that expressed in its root exudates was rather lower, showing that the effects of plant Bt toxin on soil ecosystem would be limited if other sources of Bt toxin introduced into soil were controlled.

This study is aimed to investigate the activities of phosphomonoesterase (acid-, neutral-, and alkaline-), phosphodiesterase and phosphotriesterase in a rice-planting meadow brown soil at the lower reach of Liao River, and their responses to different fertilization treatments. The results showed that there was no significant difference in soil total P and organic P contents among all treatments, but soil available P content was significantly higher in treatment OM than in other treatments. Soil acid-and neutral phosphomonoesterase had a higher activity than alkaline phosphomonoesterase and phosphodiesterase, while phosphotriesterase had the lowest activity. No significant difference was found in phosphatase activities between different fertilization treatments. Soil acid phosphomonoesterase activity had a significant correlation with soil total P and available P contents, while soil phosphodiesterase activity significantly correlated with soil organic P content.

Soil oxidoreductase is a group of enzymes catalyzing many important soil biochemical reactions and concerning with the transformation of soil organic matter, formation of humic substance, and dynamics of soil fertility. The catalytic kinetics of oxidoreductase can illuminate its catalytic characteristics, substantial properties, and response to environmental changes. This paper summarized the research advance of its kinetics, and proposed some comments in understanding its action mechanism and in regulating its catalytic processes.

With simulation test of in-situ soil column, this paper studied the effects of urease inhibitor hydroquinone (HQ), nitrification inhibitors coated calcium carbide (ECC) and dicyandiamide (DCD),and their different combinations on the persistence, oxidation, and leaching of soil urea's hydrolyzed product ammonium. The results showed that compared with other treatments, the combination of HQ and DCD could effectively inhibit the oxidation of the ammonium, and make it as exchangeable form reserve in soil in a larger amount and a longer period. The inhibition of this oxidation not only decreased the accumulation of oxidized product NO3- in soil, but also decreased the potential of NO3- leaching, making the NO3- only leach to 5-10 cm in depth, and the leached amount significantly decreased.

The study on the photosynthetic characters and Bt toxin content of different Bt cottons (ZK, GK) and non-Bt cotton (CZ) indicated that Bt cottons GK and ZK had different total expressed amount of Bt toxin and its distribution in different tissues. The Bt cottons had obviously different chlorophyll contents, responses of photosynthetic rate to photosynthetic active radiation, and diurnal changes of photosynthetic rate and transpiration rate, but the diurnal change of leaf temperature, CO2 concentration inside leaf cells and stomatal limit values were approximately the same. There was a significant difference between two transgenic Bt cottons in the diurnal average value of CO2 concentration inside leaf cells, but the differences in other characteristics were not significant among different cottons.

This paper studied the dynamics of microbial biomass N in a black soil long-term fertilized with farmyard manure (M2 and M4) and chemical fertilizer (NPK) during crop growth season. The results showed that the soil microbial biomass N was 25.52-239.12 mg x kg(-1) in M4, 10.40-94.31 mg x kg(-1) in M2, 6.27-87.04 mg x kg(-1) in NPK, and 9.15-69.81 mg x kg(-1) in CK. In same treatment, the highest value was 7-14 times higher than the lowest value. Treatments NPK and M2 had the highest value of microbial biomass N at reproductive growth stage, while M4 and CK had it at vegetative growth stage. The significant difference of soil microbial biomass N caused by different treatments was not changed with plant growth stages. The dynamics of soil microbial biomass N had a significant correlation some soil biological, physical and chemical properties. A significant positive correlation was found between soil microbial biomass N and soil biological, physical and chemical properties, plant N, P and K contents, soil moisture, and grain crude protein.

This paper studied the microbial biomass P in a long-term fertilized black soil. The soil was fertilized by farmyard manure (M2, M4) and chemical fertilizer (NPK), and the dynamics of soil microbial biomass P was monitored during crop growth season. The results showed that the microbial biomass P in different treatments was 8.75-47.68 mg x kg(-1) (M4), 3.02-37.16 mg x kg(-1) (M2), 1.59-10.62 mg x kg(-1) (NPK), and 0.76-6.74 mg x kg(-1) (CK). The microbial biomass P in M4 and M2 was the highest at reproductive growth stage, and that in NPK and CK was the highest at early growth stage. The significant difference of soil microbial biomass P induced by different amounts and types of fertilizer application was not varied with the period and stage of plant growth. In all treatments, no significant correlation was found between the dynamics of soil microbial biomass P and the soil biological, physical and chemical properties in plant growth period. Soil microbial biomass P had a very significant positive correlation with soil biological, physical and chemical properties (expect K), and a significant positive correlation with the N, P and K contents of plants and soil water content.

With an aquic brown earth as test soil, this paper studied the effects of urease inhibitor (NBPT), nitrification inhibitor (DCD) and their combinations on the dynamics of soil available N and microbial biomass N. The results showed that the treatments of inhibitors, especially the combined application of NBPT and DCD, could increase soil NH4+-N by 2%-53%, inhibit NH4+ oxidation, decrease soil NO3(-)-N concentration, increase soil total available N by 34%-44%, and increase wheat N uptake by 0.26%-6.79%. The best treatment was urease inhibitor combined with nitrification inhibitor. The application of inhibitors increased soil microbial biomass N immobilization at the early growth stage of wheat, and promoted soil N mineralization at filling stage.

The effect of long-term fertilization on the dynamics of microbial biomass C in a typical black soil of Northeastern China was studied in a field trail treated by different fertilizations. The results showed that the amount of soil microbial biomass C under different fertilizations varied significantly with growth stages. It was the highest in farmyard manure (M2 and M4) treatments, with a less seasonal fluctuation, second in NPK treatment, the peak at sowing period, and the lowest in CK, the peak at wax maturity stage. No significant correlation was found between the dynamic changes of soil microbial biomass C and soil biological, physical and chemical properties in all treatments, but the correlation of soil microbial biomass C with the contents of N, P and K in plants and that of crude protein in grain was significantly positive.

This paper studied the response of soil urease, phosphatase, arylsulphatase and dehydrogenase to 200 micromol x mol(-1) CO2 elevation under rice-wheat rotation. The results showed that under CO2 elevation, the urease activity in 0-10 cm soil layer was decreased at the early growth stages of wheat but increased at its booting stage; the activity increased at the early growth stages of rice but decreased at its ripening stage. Phosphatase activity was increased during the whole growth period of wheat; the activity increased at the tillering stage of rice but decreased at its later growth stages. Arylsulphatase activity was decreased at the over-wintering and booting stages of wheat but increased at its tillering and ripening stages. Dehydrogenase activity was decreased at the early growth stages of wheat and rice, but increased at their late growth stages.

This paper studied the effect of 200 micromol x mol(-1) CO2 elevation on soil saccharidase activities and soil nutrient contents under rice-wheat rotation. The results showed that under both wheat and rice planting, CO2 elevation increased soil invertase activity. The elevated CO2 significantly increased soil xylanase activity at the jointing, heading and ripening stages of wheat and at the heading and ripening stages of rice, and slightly decreased soil cellulase activity. Correlation analysis showed that there was a significantly linear positive relationship between soil alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen and soil invertase activity.

Soil hydrolase is a group of soil enzymes that participated in many important biochemical reactions in soil and correlated with soil nutrient transformations. The catalytic kinetics of soil hydrolase can illuminate the characteristics of its catalytic processes, its substantial properties, and its response to environmental changes. This paper summarized the kinds of soil hydrolase and the main soil biochemical reactions they catalyzed, and summed up the research advances of their catalytic kinetics in soil. Some advices were proposed in understanding their action mechanism and in regulating their catalytic processes.

The effect of long-term fertilization on the urease activity in a typical black soil in Northeastern China was examined in this paper. The soil has been fertilized since 1980, and the dynamics of its urease activity was monitored during crop growth season. The results showed that a significant difference in soil urease activity was found at each growth stage between soils treated by different fertilizations. In farmyard manure treated soil, the urease activity was > 160 mg.kg-1.h-1 and with a low seasonal fluctuations. The soil urease activity had a significant positive correlation with soil biological, physical and chemical properties, and the N, P and K contents in plants (P < 0.01), and with soil moisture content and grain crude protein (P < 0.05).

Soils enzymes play an important role in the remediation of polluted soils. The enzymological remediation of polluted soils has the characteristics of high specialization, wide applicability, and little sensitivity to the ambient factors. This paper reviewed the advantages of enzymological remediation of polluted soils, the methods and technologies of enzyme immobilization, and the removal mechanisms of pollutants by oxidoreductases. The sources and characteristics of the enzymes used to remediation were also introduced, and some suggestions about the research in the future were put forward.