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The least squares twin support vector machine(LSTSVM) is used for emotion recognition. The penalty coefficients，and kernel function parameter of LSTSVM model are difficult to determine, so the modified firefly algorithm(MFA) is used to select the best parameters of the LSTSVM to achieve optimal performance. Based on four modal of physiological signals, which are EEG, skin electrical, electromyography and respiratory signal, the proposed algorithm is used for emotion recognition, and comparisons are made with standard LSTSVM and particle swarm optimization LSTSVM algorithm. Simulation results show that the proposed MFA-LSTSVM algorithm has higher accuracy and shorter training time.

In order to optimize the design of light-reducing shed of highway tunnels, the height of light-transmitting area on both sides of light-reducing shed is studied. Firstly, numerical analysis is used to study the direct irradiance area and brightness variations of the road surface under different configurations of lighting-reducing shed. By establishing numerical analysis models for lighting-reducing shed with top-diffusing plate and hollow-design on both sides, various optical parameters of lighting-reducing shed and the brightness distribution of road surface are analyzed under different conditions. According to the requirements of direct irradiance area, illuminance of road surface under the shed, and brightness uniformity, a comparative analysis of two conditions is conducted. The light-transmitting area height of light-reducing shed are determined to be three meters for the north side and two meters for the south side, which can mitigate the sudden brightness change when entering and exiting the tunnel, and reduce the glare effect at the tunnel entrance. Driving safety and comfort are enhanced with the improvement of driving environment at the tunnel entrance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To study the reasons for the discrepancies in pathologic diagnosis of gastric dysplasia/early cancer in endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) specimens, and how to cope with the discrepancies., Methods: The pathologic diagnoses in 60 cases of ESD specimens according to the three currently used classification systems (namely Western criteria, Japanese criteria and Vienna classification) were compared. The diagnostic discrepancies were analyzed., Results: Fifteen of the 17 cases diagnosed as low-grade intraepithelial neoplasia according to the Western criteria were revised as adenoma by the Japanese criteria. Amongst the 43 cases of gastric intramucosal adenocarcinoma diagnosed according to the Japanese criteria, 23 cases had concordant diagnosis by the Western criteria. While the diagnosis of low-grade intraepithelial neoplasia/adenoma was basically similar irrespective of classification system used, there were significant differences in the interpretation of gastric early cancer., Conclusions: The diagnostic discrepancies in the gastric dysplasia/early cancer are mainly related to the morphologic criteria applied in different classifications. In order to facilitate clinical and pathologic communication, a consensus using Vienna/WHO classifications, supplemented with Japanese system, is desirable.

Objective: To study the influence of heat-induced epitope retrieval (HIER) on endogenous avidin-binding activity (EABA) and to establish an effective way to block EABA in immunohistochemistry., Methods: Systematically screening EABA in 164 (679 samples) formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded human tissues including 76 (102 samples) normal tissues and 88 (577 samples) tumor tissues as well as 4 (80 samples) formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded rat normal tissues using tissue array (tissue chip), HIER, immunohistochemistry and egg white solution blocking. In addition, EABA was also examined in 9 (15 samples) human frozen tissues., Results: (1) EABA was detected in frozen tissues. (2) No staining for EABA was seen in formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tissues. (3) EABA was revealed after the tissues treated with microwave HIER. (4) The density of signal for EABA was variable from tissue to tissue and cell to cell. (5) The signals of EABA expressed in scatter or diffuse in tissues and in granular form in cytoplasm. (6) EABA was found in a wide range of epithelial tissues, especially in gland epithelia of normal and tumor tissues. These included kidney, adrenal cortex, liver, C cells of thyroid gland, oxyphil cells of parathyroid, fundal gland of stomach, sebaceous gland of skin, duct of salivary; oncocytoma and papillary adenocarcinoma of kidney and thyroid gland, adenolymphoma of parotid, carcinoma of liver cell, adenocarcinoma of stomach, colon, prostate, gall bladder and endometrium, and so on. (7) EABA was easier revealed by higher pH value buffer (EGTA pH 9.0) than that with lower pH value (EDTA pH 8.0 and citrate pH 6.0). (8) The revealed EABA could be effectively blocked using 20% egg white solution., Conclusions: HIER could unmask EABA in formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tissues. The unmasked EABA present in a wide range of human normal and tumor tissues as well as in rat normal tissues. The EABA could influence routine immunohistochemistry staining when using (strept)avidin-horseradish peroxidase detective system. The egg white solution could effectively block EABA and eliminate the influence of EABA on immunohistochemistry.