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Lennox-Gastaut syndrome (LGS) is a severe, epileptic encephalopathy.In recent years, a variety of drugs have been approved for the treatment of LGS. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration approved clobazam and cannabidiol as adjunctive therapy for LGS in October 2011 and June 2018, respectively. This article provides an overview of clobazam and cannabidiol, including their chemical structures, pharmacological actions, curative effects, safety profile, drug interactions, to introduce the current state of research and the achievements of both drugs.

Infantile epileptic spasm syndrome (IESS) is a new concept proposed recently. IESS is a unique and age-specific refractory epilepsy syndrome. The recent advances in molecular biology, neuroimmunology and the in-depth study of anti-epileptic mechanism in antiepileptic drugs have led to the achievements in the definition and treatment of infantile epileptic spasm. At present, the use of traditional antiepileptic drugs is decreasing, while the use of new antiepileptic drugs is increasing. In this paper, based on the relevant literature in recent years, the authors discuss the pathogenesis, epidemiology, etiology, diagnosis, treatment, therapeutic drugs, clinical progress, efficacy, and safety of infantile epileptic spasm, hoping to introduce the latest status in research and achievements of IESS.

Neuromyelitis optic spectrum disorders (NMOSD) is a serious inflammatory demyelinating disease. Clinical treatment of NMOSD mainly involves acute phase treatment and remission phase prevention treatment. Disease-modifying therapy (DMT) in remission phase of NMOSD can effectively reduce disease recurrence and delay disability progression. At present, the drugs commonly used for DMT at home and abroad include classical immunosuppression, B-cell surface antigen monoclonal antibody, complement targeting monoclonal antibody, IL-6 receptor-targeting monoclonal antibody, etc. This paper mainly reviews the DMT drugs efficacy, safety, as well as the marketing status of NMOSD.

In order to investigate the effects of NaCl on the physicochemical and gel properties of myofibrillar protein (PeMP) from the body wall of Phascolosoma esculenta Chen et. Yeh, the determination and observation results of solubility of total PeMP, solubility of different types of proteins from PeMP, ultraviolet absorption spectrum, endogenous fluorescence spectrum, Zeta potential, Fourier transform infrared spectrum (FTIR), sulfhydryl group contents, surface hydrophobicity, denaturation temperature and gel structure were analyzed. The results showed that the solubility of PeMP increased, the contents of paramyosin and myosin increased significantly, with the increase of NaCl concentration. The maximum absorption wavelength (AJ of the ultraviolet absorption spectrum of PeMP, of the corresponding second derivative spectrum of ultraviolet absorption spectrum of PeMP and of the endogenous fluorescence spectrum of PeMP was redshifted, respectively. The Zeta potential of PeMP increased. FTIR analysis showed that the secondary structure of PeMP changed, the β-sheet increased, while the α-helix decreased gradually. The contents of total and non-protein sulfhydryl groups decreased in PeMP, but the contents of typing sulfhydryl group increased, and the surface hydropho-bicity of PeMP increased. The denaturation temperature of PeMP decreased. Protein molecules of PeMP gel were more tightly packed. These results will lay a foundation for the improvement of the gel of body wall from P. esculenta and the preparation of high-quality 'earth bamboo shoot jelly' products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]