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This paper summarized the integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine nursing bundles for a patient undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention for acute myocardial infarction. The basic nursing plan was formulated based on a comprehensive nursing risk assessment. Integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine nursing bundles included monitoring of vital signs, postoperative health education, intra-aortic ballon pump-associated catheter maintenance, skin care, Psycho-Cardiology care and interventions on sleep quality, abdominal distension, chest tightness and difficulty breathing syndrome. The integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine nursing bundles are effective to relieve the symptoms, reduce the postoperative complications and improve the prognosis and quality of life of the patient undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention for acute myocardial infarction. (本文总结1例急性心肌梗死患者经皮冠状动脉介入治疗术后中西医结合集束化护理体会。在完善护理评估的基础上, 制定基础护理方案。在密切监测病情的基础上, 实施集束化护理措施, 包括术后健康宣教、主动脉内球囊反搏(IABP)管路护理、皮肤护理、双心护理、睡眠护理, 以及针对腹胀、胸闷憋喘症状的干预等, 旨在有效缓解症状, 减少并发症、后遗症等的发生, 改善预后和患者生活质量。)

The industry Internet security knowledge graph plays an important role in enriching the semantic relationships of security concepts, improving the quality of the security knowledge base, and enhancing the ability to visualize and analyze the security situation. It has become the key to recognize, trace and protect against the attacks targeting new energy industry control systems. However, compared with the construction of the general domain knowledge graph, there are still many problems in each stage of the construction of the industry Internet security knowledge graph, which affect its practical application effect. This paper introduces the concept and significance of the industry Internet security knowledge graph and its difference from the general knowledge graph, summarizes the related work and role of the ontology construction of industry Internet security knowledge graph. Under the background of industry Internet security, it focuses on the related work of the three important components of knowledge graph construction, respectively named entity recognition, relationship extraction and reference resolution. For each component, it detailedly reports on the development history and research status of this component in the domain, and deeply analyses the domain challenges in this component, such as non-continuous entity recognition, candidate word extraction, the lack of domain-quality datasets and so on. It predicts the future research directions of this component, provides reference and enlightenment to further improve the quality and usefulness of industry Internet security knowledge graph, so as to deal with emerging threats and attacks more effectively.

[Objective] This study explored the paths for different types of farmers in agricultural heritage sites to realize the value of ecological products through tourism, aiming to provide a scientific basis for the realization of ecological product values in agricultural heritage sites. [Methods] Based on the theories of farmer behavior and ecosystem services and using data from 51 semi-structured in-depth interviews through field investigation of the Dancong tea culture system in Chaozhou City of Guangdong Province, and combined with the framework of sustainable livelihood analysis and the ability of community residents to participate in tourism, this study constructed a livelihood capital measurement indicator system for the tourism value realization of ecological products in the agricultural heritage site from the farmers’ perspective, which includes 21 secondary indicators. Then, this study used entropy method to evaluate the capital held by different types of farmers, and further discussed whether there are significant differences between the capitals held by different types of farmers by one-way ANOVA. [Results] (1) Economic capital and physical capital are the dominant capitals for farmers to participate in tourism in the alpine tea-growing areas. The dominant capital of farmers in the F1 site in low mountain tea-growing areas is natural capital, while the dominant capitals of farmers in the F2 site in low mountain tea-growing areas is human capital and sociocultural capital. (2) Among the five major capitals, there are significant differences in economic capital and physical capital between farmers in high mountain tea-growing areas and low mountain tea-growing areas. With regard to economic capital, there is a significant difference between farmers in high mountain tea-growing areas and the F1 site farmers in low mountain tea-growing areas. In terms of physical capital, the difference between farmers in high mountain tea-growing areas and the F1 site farmers in low mountain tea-growing areas is extremely significant, and the difference between farmers in high mountain tea-growing areas and the F2 site farmers in low mountain tea-growing areas is significant. (3) Farmers in alpine tea-growning areas and low mountain tea-growning areas can be further categorized into three representative types: strong economic capital-weak natural capital, strong natural capital-weak economic capital, and strong human capital-strong sociocultural capital types. According to the characteristics of capital and the level of tourism development, three value realization paths of ecological products of agricultural heritage sites through tourism were proposed. [Conclusion] Tourism plays an important role in realizing the multi-functional value of agricultural heritage and enhancing its inheritance and utilization. Different types of farmers in agricultural heritage sites hold different livelihood capital, so they can realize the tourism value of ecological products through different capital combinations, thus helping farmers to better realize the economic benefits of ecological products, enhance their livelihood resilience, promote farmers' awareness of ecological protection and heritage protection, and feed back ecosystem restoration and heritage protection with economic benefits.

In order to understand the research progress of bentonite binder used in metallurgical pellets in China and abroad, basing on a large number of literature, the resource background, crystal structure, mineral composition, physical and chemical properties of bentonite as well as the performance index and evaluation method of bentonite used in metallurgical pellets were introduced firstly. And then the relationship between bentonite properties and pellet properties, the preparation status of bentonite binder and the action mechanism of its when used in metallurgical pellets were summarized to provide reference for related researches.

Objective: In order to solve the problems of low efficiency and poor precision of parallel robot in food sorting. Methods: Based on the structure of the food sorting system, a moving target grasping strategy of delta robot based on Improved BP neural network and PID control is proposed. The improved particle swarm optimization algorithm is used to optimize the initial weight of BP neural network, and the optimized BP neural network is used to adjust the PID control parameters in real time. The performance of this method is analyzed by experiments, and its superiority is verified. Results: Compared with traditional control methods, the proposed method can achieve dynamic target capture more accurately and efficiently, and the success rate of dynamic capture is more than 98%, which can meet the needs of food sorting. Conclusion: The grasping efficiency and accuracy of delta robot can be effectively improved by optimizing the grasping strategy of moving target.

Objective: To optimize the refining process of crude fish oil from mandarin fish viscera and to improve the quality of fish oil. Methods: With phosphoric acid volume fraction, addition amount of NaOH and activated clay as influencing factors, the acid value and peroxide value as the evaluation indexes, the refining process was optimized by Box-Behnken response surface analysis. The sensory quality, physicochemical indexes and fatty acid composition of fish oil before and after refining process were analyzed. Results: The optimal refining conditions were obtained as follows, phosphoric acid volume fraction of 50%, addition amount of 2% NaOH, addition amount of 15% activated clay. Under the optimal refining condition, the acid value and peroxide value of refined fish oil were （0.94±0.03） mg/g and （0.12±0.01） g/100 g in accordance with the predicted values, which indicates regression equation is significant. The sensory quality, physicochemical indexes and physical properties of fish oil after refining process were improved effectively, reaching the second-grade or above standards of refined fish oil of China's aquatic industry （SC/T 3502—2016）. The fatty acid composition didn't change significantly during the refining. The refined fish oil was dominated by unsaturated fatty acids, mainly 11-Octadecenoic acid （36.73%） and 9,11-Octadecadienoic acid （27.02%）. Conclusion: This research reveals the refining process and quality changes of fish oil, and can provide a theoretical basis for the effectively development and utilization of mandarin fish visceral byproducts.

Objective: In order to solve the energy-saving trajectory planning problem of robot in food industry with unknown dynamic parameters, a point-to-point robot joint energy consumption path planning scheme based on whale algorithm and neural network was proposed. Methods: The energy consumption model of point-to-point joint of mobile manipulator of food robot was constructed, the similarity dynamics identification based on neural network was designed, and the improved whale algorithm was used to optimize the weight and bias parameters off-line. The quadric polynomial interpolation method was used to plan the joint motion trajectory, and the trajectory parameters were equivalent to whale coding. By solving the joint energy consumption objective optimization function, the joint motion planning trajectory with optimal energy consumption was finally obtained. Results: The scheme was suitable for the trajectory planning scene with unknown robot dynamic parameters, and the trajectory energy consumption was reduced by about 9.01%. Conclusion: The trajectory planning based on whale algorithm and neural network can realize the energy consumption optimization goal of food robot.

BACKGROUND The south of Jiangxi Province is a typical geographical distribution area of selenium deficiency. However, some research results in recent years indicate that the rice has high selenium content. The reasons for inconsistency about selenium enrichment between soil and rice is still not clear. It is important to discuss the characteristics of selenium content in soil and crops for the utilization of selenium-enriched land resources and the development of selenium-enriched agricultural products. OBJECTIVES To understand the reasons of inconsistency about selenium content between soil and crops in Qingxi area, Ganxian County. METHODS Samples of 1734 topsoil, 57 sets of rice and corresponding root soil were collected from Qingxi area. The content of selenium and its speciation geochemistry in these samples were determined by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry and inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry. The selenium content and distribution characteristics in soil and rice were systematically analyzed, and the influencing factors of selenium bioavailability in root soil were discussed. RESULTS The topsoil in the area was dominated by selenium-enriched soil and selenium-sufficient soil. The selenium content in soil were closely related to soil parent rocks. The rules of soil selenium content in different parent-rock areas were as follows: Paleozoic metamorphic rocks>Mesozoic granite>Neoproterozoic metamorphic rocks>Mesozoic terrigenous clastic rocks>Cenozoic quaternary. The selenium content in root soil were lower than 0.4mg/kg, and selenium-enrichment rate of rice was 64.91%, indicating that it had a high capacity to enrich selenium in the soil (enrichment coefficient was 20.05%). When the selenium content in root soil was more than 0.25mg/kg, the rate of selenium-enrichment reached up to 70.83%, and would produce high-quality selenium-enriched rice stably. The form of selenium was the main factor to influence selenium bioavailability in soil. When the content of total selenium in soil was low, water-soluble, ion-exchangeable and carbonate-bound selenium accounted for a high proportion, which enhanced the bioavailability of selenium. The weak ability of selenium adsorption by low content organic matter was also an important factor for the high bioavailability of selenium. CONCLUSIONS Selenium content in soil, soil physical and chemical index and the influence of selenium form on bioavailability of selenium in soil should be comprehensively considered when exploiting selenium-enriched soil and selenium-sufficient soil in Qingxi area, Ganxian County. It is beneficial to scientifically guide the delimitation of natural selenium-enriched land and develop selenium-enriched rice.

This paper builds a dance video generation system using a generative adversarial network, which can input a single image and a target dance video to make the people in the photo dance. The system mainly adopts human posture transfer technique and facial posture transfer technique to allow the computer to generate an image of a person that matches the target poses. Also, image inpainting technique repairs the holes in the picture caused by the characters being cut out from the background. In addition, the system uses a multi-scale region extractor to capture body features and incorporates region style loss into the loss function. For face pose transfer, a progressive face angle transformation framework is adopted and a mask discriminator is added to improve the quality of the generated image. Finally, for the color shift problem during the inpainting process, the system uses the perceptual color loss function based on the CIEDE2000 color difference formula to handle the problem, so that the inpainting results match human visual perception better. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To reveal the key factors influencing vegetation productivity in sandy lands, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of vegetation productivity on regional scale, pixel scale, and plot scale of the sandy lands in northwestern Liaoning Province, based on soil physicochemical data, topographical data, climate data, and the intrinsic characteristics of vegetation. On the regional scale, we established a random forest model to explore the impact of topographical factors, climate factors, and vegetation characteristics on vegetation productivity. On the pixel scale, we performed a correlation analysis between vegetation cover and climate factors. On the plot scale, we combined the physicochemical properties of 234 soil samples with topographical factors and vegetation characteristics, and utilized the random forest model to calculate the importance values of each factor. The results showed that soil nutrients could explain 24.8% of the spatial variation in net primary productivity when other factors were excluded. When introducing topographical factors into the model, the model could explain 40% variation of net primary productivity. When further incorporating fractional vegetation coverage and leaf area index into the model, the model could explain 72.8% variation of net primary productivity. Our findings suggested that fractional vegetation coverage and leaf area index were the most influential factors affecting vegetation productivity in this area. Topographical factors ranked second, followed by climate factors, which had a relatively small impact. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electrospun fibrous membranes have been widely used for research of lithium-ion battery separators because of the high porosity, large specific surface area as well as excellent electrolyte wettability. However, little research has been focused on the puncture strength, which influences the safety of lithium-ion battery seriously. PPESK fibrous membranes with different thicknesses were fabricated by electrospinning technique, and the mechanical properties were improved by heat treatment, and the puncture strength of heat-treated PPESK membrane was tested using universal tensile testing machine and the linear relationship between the puncture strength of heat-treated PPESK fibrous membrane and the thickness was established. The further microscopic analysis of the puncture failure region was carried out to explore the puncture failure mechanism of heat-treated PPESK fibrous membranes. The result shows that the puncture process of isotropic heat-treated PPESK fibrous membrane is much tempered compared with PP microporous separator. The penetration of the heat-treated PPESK fibrous membranes was caused by the bend, deformation and fracture of PPESK fibers. The failure region of heat-treated PPESK fibrous membrane appears a circular hole, while the PP separator is long cracks. The puncture mechanism of heat-treated PPESK fibrous membrane is beneficial to prevent the destruction of lithium dendrites, but the puncture strength of heat-treated PPESK fibrous membrane remains to be enhanced.

B4CP/PI polyimide composite films with different powder contents and thicknesses were prepared by particle surface modification and wet mixing machinery-thermal imidization method, using high temperature polyimide as matrix and micro-sized boron carbide (B4C) as thermal neutron absorption material. The thermal neutron radiation shielding property, thermal stability and mechanical property of B4CP/PI polyimide composite films were mainly discussed in this paper. It is shown that the micro-sized B4C functional particles can be well dispersed in PMDA-ODA polyimide matrix, and the thermal stability of B4CP/PI polyimide composite films are significantly improved with the increase of B4C content. However, the mechanical properties of the composite films present the opposite trend; meanwhile, the B4CP/PI polyimide composite films exhibit excellent thermal neutron radiation shielding properties, and the neutron permeability I/I0 presents exponential relationship with the increasing thickness of composite and B4C filler particle content. Therefore,through structural design of the materials,the applications requirements in different fields for materials with high temperature resistant and thermal neutron radiation shielding properties can be met.

In order to improve the mechanical property of traditional electrospinning fibrous membranes, PPESK-fiber/PVDF-bead composite membranes were prepared via simultaneously electrospinning of PPESK concentrated solution and electrospraying of PVDF dilute solution, and then hot pressed at 160℃. The membrane structure, tensile strength, ionic conductivity and cycling performance of lithium-ion batteries were measured by scanning electron microscope, universal tensile test machine, electrochemical work station and battery cycle system. The results show that the hot-pressed PPESK/PVDF composite membrane separator exhibits excellent liquid electrolyte wettability, ionic conductivity reaches 1.92mS·cm-1 at room temperature,PVDF beads are uniformly dispersed in PPESK fibers. The interfacial strength of PPESK fibers is effectively enhanced due to the melt of PVDF beads during the hot press process, hence the mechanical strength of composite membrane is leached 13.2MPa. In addition, cells assembled with PPESK/PVDF composite membrane show high discharge capacity and stable cycling performances.

Soil is a main component of the terrestrial ecosystem, and soil carbon research is significant in the carbon cycle and global change. Using the geochemical survey data from Poyang Lake in Jiangxi province and the surrounding economic zone multi-target regional, the total carbon and organic carbon from the surface, middle and deep soil in research area was studied and the organic carbon reserves and organic carbon density distribution characteristics analyzed. The results indicate that the overall carbon in the study area consists mainly of organic carbon. The reserve of organic carbon is 138 million tons and organic carbon density is 3512 t/km2 in the surface soil (0-0.2 m), 439 million tons and 11156 t/km2 in the middle soil (0-1.0 m) and 614 hundred million tons and 15617 t/km2 in the deep soil (0-1.8 m). Compared with the national agricultural geological survey data, organic carbon density of surface soil in the study area is 10.86% higher than that of the national agricultural geology survey, however, organic carbon density of middle and deep soil is close to the results of national agricultural geology. It shows that the research area has huge reserves of organic carbon. Further studies were conducted to uncover the distribution and the distribution characteristics of organic carbon in soil by using the organic carbon density and organic carbon reserves for different soil types, different land utilization types, different geomorphic units and different administrative units. Research results suggest that each layers of soil possesses the same organic carbon density spatial distribution characteristics, which is closely related to the geological background and the vegetation coverage. A high value area of carbon density is located in hilly areas and mountainous regions, such as the paleozoic carbonaceous rock and coal strata from the north of Fengcheng City, the south of Gaoan City and the surrounding of Leping City. The highest organic carbon density occurred in the topsoil of Leping city. Low organic carbon density is located in lake and river valley areas. The results of this study provide reliable data for studying the carbon cycle and carbon emissions in the Jiangxi countryside.

The aim of the study was to investigate the root traits of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) under different nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium treatments in the northern Yulin sandy grassland area. Using Zhongmu No. 3 as experimental material, 15 combinations of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers were set up by three factors orthogonal rotation method, and the total root surface area, average root diameter, total root length, total root volume and total root biomass were measured. The results showed that the total root biomass in 0~10 cm and 10~20 cm soil layers were significantly higher than that in 20~30 cm soil layers. N16P10K8 combined application had relatively higher total root biomass, total surface area, total volume, total root length, lateral root number, and relatively lower taproot length, and its subordinate average was the highest. The study indicates that the N16P10K8 combined application can significantly increase the total root absorption surface area of alfalfa to improve its ability to absorb surface soil nutrients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In view of problem of inaccurate level measurement of ore bin by use of common level measuring mode which is influenced by dust and dead angle of pile ore, the paper proposed a new type of level measurement scheme of ore bin. The scheme selects heavy hammer level meter to eliminate interference of dust and uses method of multi-point layout and calculating mean to eliminate interference of dead angle of pile ore. The actual application showed that the scheme eliminate influence of dust and dead angle of pile ore on level measurement and reduces labor intensity of person of ore bin.

Many creatures in nature have evolved unique microscopic surface structures over a long period of time in order to survive. For example, geckos and tree frogs can rely on the soft micro-nano structure of their feet to overcome their own weight and stick to the surface of various objects when they move. Inspired by the magical surface adhesions, researchers have prepared "dry adhesive" with reversible adhesion by imitating the biological microstructure. Silicone rubber materials have excellent high-low temperature resistance, elasticity, and biocompatibility, and are very suitable for building various micro-nano structures on their surfaces to make "dry adhesive" with special adhesion. In this paper, we summarize the research progress of bio-inspired adhesive materials based on silicone rubber materials, outline the types of surface array structures, preparations, adhesion properties and applications, and prospect their future development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Food Safety & Quality is the property of Journal of Food Safety & Quality Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective To study the effect of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) on neurobehavioral development within one year after birth in preterm infants. Methods A retrospective analysis was performed for the preterm infants with a gestational age of <34 weeks who were born from September 2017 to December 2019 and completed the followup assessments of neurobehavioral development at the corrected gestational ages of 40 weeks and 3, 6, and 12 months. According to their diagnosis, they were divided into a BPD group with 23 infants and a non-BPD group with 27 infants. The outcome of neurobehavioral development was compared between the two groups at different time points. Results There was no significant difference in the neonatal behavioral neurological assessment score between the BPD and non- BPD groups at the corrected gestational age of 40 weeks (P>0.05). Based on the Gesell Developmental Scale, compared with the non-BPD group, the BPD group had significantly lower global developmental quotient (DQ) and DQs of fine motor, adaptive behavior, and personal-social behavior at the corrected gestational ages of 3, 6, and 12 months (P<0.05). For both groups, the DQ of language at the corrected gestational age of 6 months was significantly higher than that at the corrected gestational age of 12 months (P<0.017), the DQ of personal-social behavior at the corrected gestational age of 6 months was significantly higher than that at the corrected gestational age of 3 months (P<0.017), and the DQ of adaptive behavior at the corrected gestational age of 12 months was significantly higher than that at the corrected gestational ages of 3 and 6 months (P<0.017). Based on the BSID-II scale, there were no significant differences in mental development index and psychomotor development index at each time point between the two groups (P>0.05). The mental development index at the corrected gestational age of 3 months was significantly higher than that at the corrected gestational ages of 6 and 12 months in both groups (P<0.001). Conclusions Preterm infants with BPD have delayed neurodevelopment within one year after birth compared with those without BPD, which should be taken seriously in clinical practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the differences of branchial epithelium of Amur ide (Leuciscus waleckii) originated in Dali Nor Lake (alkal-adapled species) and Songhua River (freshwater species) were observed, which compared under the same bicarbonate stress of 0 (CA0, pH 7.56), 30 mmol/L (CA30, pH 9.44) and 50 mmol/L (CA50, pH 9.55) by histological method. Furthermore, the adaptive relationship between high alkali-tolerance and the micro-adjustment of gill tissue structure was explored. The results showed that the gill structure of the alkaline species changed correspondingly, with the increase of alkalinity, which the gill filament became more full, the gill lamella became longer as well as the interval between lamellae became larger compared to the control (CA0, P<0.05). The freshwater species also changed, which the gill filament became more full and the interval between lamellae became larger (P<0.05) than the control, although the gill lamella became longer at CA30 (P<0.05), there was no significant difference between CA50 and CA0 (P>0.05). Chloride cells were found in the base of lamellae which increased higher in both of species than that of the control, pavement cells were observed in the secondary gill lamella which became larger and thicker in alkal-adapled species than the control, whereas due to the fusion and cell detachment of pavement cells, pillar cell, and blood cells, the secondary gill lamella of fresh water species was damaged severely. In addition, a large number of mucous cells were found in the epithelium of gill raker of alkal-adapled and freshwater species. With the increase of alkalinity, the mucous cells changed from large and sparse to small and dense. Among them, the mucus cells of alkal-adapled species were more than that of freshwater species, and arranged more orderly and tightly. To sum up, the alkal-adapled species could adapt to the high alkali environment for a long time by keeping the integrity of gill structure and physiological function, while the freshwater species vice versa, because of the loss of physiological function caused by the fusion and exfoliation of gill cells. The results of this study can provide basis and guidance for transplantation and acclimation of freshwater fish in saline and alkaline water in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To better understand the cold - resistance of winter rapeseed (Brassica napus L.), DNA methylation were investigated using MSAP (methylation sensitive amplified polymorphism) technology on 13 materials with different cold resistance under low temperature (4°C) stress. MSAP results showed that, after 4°C treatment, the weak cold -resistance lines (14 Meiqieshi 7, 14 Meiqieshi 16, 14 Meiqieshi 20, 14 Meiqieshi 3 and Meiqieshi 38 had increased DNA methylation level and had higher methylation degree. The strong cold - resistant lines (15TS306, 14NS52 - 3, 15TS309, 14NS54 - 7 and 15TS312) had higher degree of demethylation. Sequence a-nalysis of the differentially methylated fragments showed that 16 of 22 fragments were similar to the known and putative functional enzymes. Among them, At4g02000 - like protein had the greatest variation. Cloning and bioinforma-tics results showed that its isoelectric point was 9. 20 and the relative molecular weight was 39. 89kD. In summary, after low temperature stress, the strong cold - resistant lines had decreased DNA methylation level with dominant demethylation, while the weak cold - resistance lines had increased DNA methylation level with dominant methylation. In these winter rapeseeds, cold adaptability showed close correlation between differentially methylation patterns of some specific genes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Because of the problems of old model, such as the lack of computing the awareness intension and the detailed description of relationship between tasks, etc. They can't meet the requirements of special requirements for the cooperative awareness application system. This paper proposed an object based cooperative awareness model (OBCA), and described the engineering use of the model. Then building on that information, it provided the implementation mechanism and application sample of OBCA model, and implemented a prototype system which could visualize the awareness information. Experimental results show that OBCA model can give a detailed description of the relationship between task structures and refine the intensity of awarenes, making up the application defect of other awarenes model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on field inventory data and vegetation index EVI (enhanced vegetation index), the spatial pattern of the forest biomass in the Great Xing'an Mountains, Heilongjiang Province was quantitatively analyzed. Using the spatial analysis and statistics tools in ArcGIS software, the impacts of climatic zone, elevation, slope, aspect and vegetation type on the spatial pattern of forest biomass were explored. The results showed that the forest biomass in the Great Xing'an Mountains was 350 Tg and spatially aggregated with great increasing potentials. Forest biomass density in the cold temperate humid zone (64. 02 t.hm-2 ) was higher than that in the temperate humid zone (60. 26 t.hm-2). The biomass density of each vegetation type was in the order of mixed coniferous forest (65. 13 t.hm-2) > spruce-fir forest (63. 92 t.hm-2) > Pinus pumila-Larix gmelinii forest (63. 79 t.hm-2) > Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica forest (61. 97 t.hm-2) > Larix gmelinii forest (61. 40 t.hm-2) > deciduous broadleaf forest (58. 96 t.hm-2 ). With the increasing elevation and slope, the forest biomass density first decreased and then increased. The forest biomass density in the shady slopes was greater than that in the sunny slopes. The spatial pattern of forest biomass in the Great Xing'an Mountains exhibited a heterogeneous pattern due to the variation of climatic zone, vegetation type and topographical factor. This spatial heterogeneity needs to be accounted when evaluating forest biomass at regional scales. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aimed at the problem that the noise data influence on the anomaly detection results for time series, this paper put forward a kind of uncertain continuous time series Top-K anomaly detection algorithm. Based on the typical time series anomaly detection method, it dealed with time series discord as interval, and structured density functions of uniform distribution. Then it combined with the uncertain scores Top-K technology to implement Top-K ranking on uncertain time series data with noise and unknown distribution. Experiment tests on simulated data and real data, this proposed algorithm has increased significantly in anomaly detection accuracy than traditional time series detection method. Although the method has increased in computing time, this paper put forward the corresponding optimization strategy and improved on computing time obviously when the K value was large. It verifies the effectiveness of the algorithm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on a study related to examine the effect of different levels of tibetan medicine Rhodiola algida variety tangutica on production performance of whole milk female yaks in Gannan plateau in China. Topics discussed include the impact of dietary treatments including alfalfa-barley straw-soybean meal basal diets to yaks, analysis of daily output of fresh milk, milk protein and fat percentage, and the impact of the medicine on body immune function and disease resistance.

Based on the TM images and 3S technology, and by using normalized burn ratio (NBR), this paper quantitatively evaluated the fire severity of burnt area in Huzhong forest region of the Great Xing'an Mountains from 1986 to 2010, and analyzed the relationships of the fire severity with environmental factors such as vegetation type, elevation, slope, and aspect. In Huzhong forest region, the fire occurrence frequency and total burnt area had an obvious interannual change. High incidence of forest fire was from June to August, and heavily burnt area occupied 84-2% of the total burnt area. In the burnt area, larch forest accounted for 89. 9%. 68. 8% of burnt area located at the elevations from 1000 m to 1500 m, and 62. 5% located in eastern, southern, western, and northern slopes. There was no obvious difference in the burnt area between sunny and shady slopes. The burnt area at the slope degrees 15°-25° occupied 38.4% of the total. High severity burnt area was the largest (70% of the total), followed by moderate severity burnt area (about 10%), and low severity burnt area and un-burnt area (<5%). The majority of the forest fires in Huzhong forest region were of high severity fire, which caused great damages to the forest resources. It was suggested that in the forest fire management in Great Xing'an Mountains forest region, it would be urgent to implement forest fuel treatments to reduce fire severity to guarantee the forest ecosystem security. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

By characterizing the composition of road network in the Huzhong Forestry Bureau in Great Xing'an Mountains, Northeast China, we investigated the effects of road networks on landscape pattern by quantifying 1989 landscape pattern for each of the 17 forestry farms on maps with and without roads by principal component analysis (PCA). The results showed that road networks, including the main and secondary timber-transport roads, were distributed evenly among the observed 17 forestry farms with a density of 2.3 m·hm-2 and spread along the river networks throughout each farm. The emergence of roads significantly altered the landscape pattern at the landscape level in each farm, which was characterized by landscape fragmentation involving a decline in patch area and an increase in patch number and distance among patches. Furthermore, no significant correlation was found between fragmentation and road density. The road network had more impact on fragmentation than on aggregation at the landscape level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Thirty 2-year old transgenic carp individuals with growth hormone gene of salmon were randomly selected to study the affecting degree of their phenotypic traits on their body mass by the methods of correlation and path analyses, with 30 individuals of non-transgenic carp as the control, aimed to ascertain the main phenotypic parameters affecting the body mass of the transgenic and non-transgenic carps. The test phenotypic traits were total length, body length, body height, least height of caudal peduncle, length of caudal peduncle, length of head, snout length, eyes horizontal diameter, inter-orbital distance, and body depth. Correlation analysis showed that for both of the transgenic and non-transgenic carps, most of the test phenotypic parameters were significantly correlated to body mass (P<0.01). Path analysis indicated that for transgenic carp, its body length and body height were the main predictable factors affecting body mass, with the path coefficient being 0.572 and 0.415, respectively, while for non-transgenic carp, its body depth and tail length were the main predictable factors affecting body mass, with the path coefficient being 0.610 and 0.377, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To timely and accurately acquire the spatial distribution pattern of wetlands is of significance for the dynamic monitoring, conservation, and sustainable utilization of wetlands. The small remote sensing satellite constellations A/ B stars (HJ-1A/1B stars) for environmental hazards were launched by China for monitoring terrestrial resources, which could provide a new data source of remote sensing image acquisition for retrieving wetland types. Taking Liaohe Delta as a case, this paper compared the accuracy of wetland classification map and the area of each wetland type retrieved from CCD data (HJ CCD data) and TM5 data, and validated and explored the applicability and the applied potential of HJ CCD data in wetland resources dynamic monitoring. The results showed that HJ CCD data could completely replace Landsat TM5 data in feature extraction and remote sensing classification. In real-time monitoring, due to its 2 days of data acquisition cycle, HJ CCD data had the priority to Landsat TM5 data (16 days of data acquisition cycle). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Forest pest and forest fire are the two major disturbances of forest ecosystem, and there exists definite interaction between the disturbances at large spatial and temporal scales. In this paper, the spatially intuitional landscape model (LANDIS) was adopted to simulate the long-term (300 years) interaction between forest pest and forest fire in Huzhong area of Great Xing'an Mountains. The results showed that pest disturbance decreased the fine fuel load, increased the coarse fuel load at the early (0-100 a) and middle (100-200 a) stages of simulation course, and decreased the fire frequency at the early and middle stages. The fire frequency under different forest pest disturbance scenarios was similar at the later stage (200-300 a) of simulation course. Pest disturbance decreased the fire intensity and fire risk class at the early and later stages, but increased the fire intensity and fire risk class at the middle stage. Fire suppression could increase the occurrence area of forest pest, and thus, it was suggested that forest managers should take appropriate measures to prevent insect pest, not solely with the focus on fire suppression but also adopting the forest fire management measures such as taking off coarse fuel and implementing prescribed fire to ensure the sustainable development of forest ecosystem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The car-body of a railway vehicle is flexible in nature. Car-body flexibility is considered while the wheel-sets and the bogies of a railway vehicle are regarded as rigid bodies in the proposed vehicle-bridge dynamic interaction analysis method. The vehicle is considered as a spatial structure supported on the wheel-rail interface through Hertz nonlinear spring. The wheel-sets and bogies are established by rigid beam elements coded in general finite element software. The car-body is modeled by flexible beam elements, and linear stiffness of the primary and the secondary suspensions is modeled by spring elements in the same software. The damping forces of the suspensions and the wheel-rail interaction forces on wheel-sets are treated as pseudo forces acted on the vehicle subsystem. The wheel-rail interaction forces on the rails are similarly treated as pseudo forces acted on the bridge subsystem. Mode analyses are conducted based on finite element models of the vehicle and the bridge. And then mode superposition method associated with pseudo force treatment is applied to establish equations of motion of the coupling vehicle-bridge system. An iterative scheme is used to solve the equations of the system. The proposed method is firstly verified by a numerical example, and then the vibration of the car-body with different flexibility is numerically simulated when high speed train traverses multi-span simply supported bridges. The car-body acceleration is found to be underestimated if its flexibility is not considered, especially when flexible car-body resonance phenomena occur. Nevertheless, the bridge acceleration is hardly affected by flexible car-body vibration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Six strains with flocculent characteristic have been screened from oil - field wastewater, which are named as F1, F2, F3, F4, F5 and F6. They were identified and classified by 16SrDNA sequence. The flocculation species were analyzed through UV and IR scanning spectrophotometry. It is showed that the six strains belong to the same species with Balillus sp., Agrobacterlum sp., and Kocurla sp. and they have 99% homogeneous identity. The results of flocculent efficiency show that the flocculent efficiency of the six strains is more than 69%, among which the flocculent efficiencies of F2, F3, F5 and F6 are more than 80%. Mixed cultures were conducted pairwise among F2, F3, F5 and F6, and the results show that the combination of F2 and F6 strains exhibits the best flocculating efficiency and it is higher than that of any pure strain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Historical range of variability (HRV) characterizes the fluctuations of ecosystem structure and processes under natural disturbances, and is helpful in understanding the causes and consequences of ecosystem change, providing the researchers and managers a reference to evaluate the present status of ecosystems and guiding managers to develop effective management strategies to ultimately drive ecosystems to a sustainable state. In recent years, HRV has played an increasingly important role in forest ecosystem management, and has been successfully used in indicating the causes of ecosystem change, conservation of biological diversity and endangered species, and restoration of ecosystem function, etc. This paper outlined the concept of HRV, and discussed the applications, limitations (lack of data, environmental change, and human impacts, etc.), and challenges of applying HRV in forest ecosystem management. Strengthening data mining, focusing on the changes of natural environment and human society, and increasing the public's recognition of HRV would benefit the improvement of the application efficacy of HRV in forest ecosystem management, and make the forest ecosystem ultimately achieve a sustainable state. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

By using the spatially explicit forest landscape model (LANDIS 6.0 PRO), the percentages of timber-harvesting area in Xiao Xing'anling Mountains under current harvesting scenario and under 11 harvesting scenarios with alternating harvesting intensities (alternating time was 10, 20 and 30 years, respectively) in 2000-2400 under climate change were simulated. Alternating harvesting intensity could increase the harvesting area. Comparing with current harvesting scenario, the simulated scenarios could increase the harvesting area by 3%-5% at short-term (10-30 years), 2.5%-7% at medium term (40-60 years), and 3.5%-8% at long term (70-100 years). On the whole, the current total harvesting area was still high. Alternating harvesting-intensity could increase the harvesting area within a definite term, but the effect would be unsustainable. To have a sustainable development of forestry in the study area, it is necessary to reduce the harvesting intensity and change the forest management policy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

By using CLUE-S model, a scenario analysis was made on the land use/ cover change in the upper reaches of Minjiang River from 2000 to 2020, based on the historic development trend and the regulations of policies "natural forest protection" and "grain for green". In 2000-2020, according to the historic development trend, the forestland area (landscape matrix) in the study region would have a continual decrease while the shrub land and grassland areas would be increased, and the landscape pattern would be more fragmental. The implementation of the policies "natural forest protection" and "grain for green" would effectively increase forestland area, being able to re- verse the trend of landscape fragmentation and more optimize the landscape pattern. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Forest road has far-reaching effects on plant species diversity across varying scales, and the estimation of its effect distance and effect zone is a key issue to integrate the road effect and ecological processes in forest area. In this paper, ten transects,2 m wide and extending 50 m from varying grade roads including main road, main line for wood transportation, and secondary line for wood transportation in Huzhong forest area of Great Hing'an Mountains were set. The plant composition was investigated in twenty?five 2 m×2 m plots of each transect. The road-effect distance on plant species diversity identified by moving window analysis in terms of the important value of each plot. The results showed that in study area, the effect distance reached up to 20-34 m, regardeless of the roads grade. The plant species diversity of shrub stratum and herb stratum within the effect zone was greater than that in adjacent habitat, with the Shannon-Weiner index increased by 21% and 60%, respectively. The response of shrub stratum to the road effect was more stable than herb stratum, but no significant change was observed in tree stratum. Chamaenerion angustifolium was the indicative species of road-effect zone communities. Based on the estimation of road-effect distance, the road area in Huzhong Forestry Bureau and Great Hing'an Mountains occupied about 0.10%, and its effect zone on vegetation occupied 1.79% and 1.53%, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Taking the broad-leaved Korean pine forest area in Changbai Mountains, a typical eastern forest belt of Northeast China for global change as test object, and by using the approaches of trenching-plot and infrared gas exchange analyzer, this paper analyzed the soil respiration in a selected series of degraded Korean pine forest ecosystem, i.e., broad-leaved Korean pine forest (CK), poplar?birch forest (Y), hardwood forest (S), Mongolian oak forest (M), and bare land (L). In the growth season of the forests, soil respiration showed a clear single peak curve, with the maximum in July or August. The soil respiration decreased in the sequence of Y>M>CK>S>L. The amount of CO2 release in Y and M was about 0.4 and 0.3 times higher than that in CK; and that in S and L accounted for 88% and 78% of CK, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A spatially explicit landscape model LANDIS was applied to simulate the long-term effects of Dendrolimus superans Bulter disturbance on the forest landscape in Huzhong Forest Bureau of Great Xing'an Mountains. The statistical software pakage APACK was used to calculate the distribution area of D. superans and representative tree species, the aggregation index reflecting the spatial pattern, and the average area of forest patchs. The dynamics of forest landscape in the study region was simulated under two scenarios, i.e., with and without D. superans disturbance for 300 years (from 1990 to 2290). In the region, the distribution area of D. superans showed a trend of increased first and decreased then. Under D. superans disturbance scenario, the distribution area and the average patch size of Larix gmelinii in 0-150 years and the aggregation index of L. gmelinii in 0-190 years, the distribution area and the average patch size of Betula platyphylla and its aggregation index in 80-190 years, as well as the distribution area, average patch size, and aggregation index of Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica were lower or slightly lower than those under no disturbance scenario. D. superans disturbance led to the fragmentation of forest landscape to some extent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]