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From January 1982 to December 1990, there were 229 cases with 337 ureters having vesicoureteral reflux (VUR). Thirteen of them (3.86%) were also found to have ureteropelvic junction (UPJ) obstruction in the same ureter. They were categorized into three groups based on the therapeutic implications. Group 1 (two ureters) underwent pyeloplasty. Group 2 (two ureters) received both pyeloplasty and reimplantation. The remaining nine ureters having VUR and pseudo-obstruction fell into group 3, and two of them became true UPJ obstruction eventually. We stressed the importance of evaluating upper urinary tract in all refluxed ureters with inappropriately dilated renal pelvis. By doing that we can avoid unnecessary surgery and prevent complications from wrong sequence of operation to a least extent.

A benign prostatic urethral polyp is considered as an unusual lesion of the urethra. It attracts the patient or doctor's attention only when hematuria or hemospermia is noted. From August 1987 to June 1988, the authors found four cases of posterior urethral polyps in the Taitung Branch of Mackay Memorial Hospital. Hematuria was found in all of the 4 patients and hemospermia was found in one. Three patients presented gross hematuria, and one microscopic hematuria. Of the four, two had suprapubic soreness; one had perineal discomfort; and only one manifested no symptoms at all. All of the patients underwent a cystoscopic biopsy, and their specimens were stained and studied by the immunoperoxidase method. All of the specimens were PSA positive, and presented a picture of adenomatous polyp. Only one patient received transurethral electrocoagulation because of continued hematuria and perineal discomfort that persisted even after a two week medical course that appeared to be more effective to the previous one. In conclusion, the authors believe that more of such lesions will be discovered when more attention is paid to the posterior urethra; when adenomatous polyps are suspected in patients who have the above symptoms; and when polyps are considered as a possibility in the differential diagnosis.