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Purpose: This study was to evaluate the accuracy of how to use the Mechanical Torque-Limiting Devices. Materials and methods: Three different implant manufacturers (Dentium, Osstem, Shinhung) were prepared for each two implant torque controllers. Divided into two groups depending on the method used for removal torque was measured. Repeated measures of ANOVA test (α=.05) was used as statistics to evaluate the effect of repeated loading number on the removal torque. Independent t-test was used to evaluate the difference in removal torque of two groups. Results: The removal torque significantly decreased as the number of loading repetition increased (P<.05). There was significant difference between two groups. Conclusion: Loosen the handle part of the implant torque controllers spring resilience to recover one group compared to the group that did not, showed a little more closed to the reference value. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To be a neurologist, training in cognitive/behavioral neuroscience is essential. In this review article, the author tries to emphasize the localization relationship between focal brain lesions and language dysfunction, by discussing from split-brain syndromes, hemispheric asymmetry, to pure word dumbness, pure word deafness (verbal auditory agnosia), pure agraphia, and pure word blindness (pure alexia; visual word agnosia), and finally to aphasia and aprosodia in general. Hopefully, after getting familiar with all the terms, the readers will feel free exploring language disturbances and behavioral neurology for their own interests.

Purpose: To evaluate the clinical therapeutic efficacy on hemangioma of oral maxillofacial regions using pulsed Gentle YAG laser., Methods: Since April 2005 to August 2005, 113 cases of oral and maxillofacial hemangiomas were treated using pulsed Gentle YAG laser 1064 nm wavelength in our department. Minimal coagulation laser dosage was defined and used to avoid side effects such as thermal skin damage. The laser dosage was 170-240 J/cm2, with 1.5 mm in diameter spot and pulse wide of 30-60 ms. Dynamic cooling device set was used 10-20 times and 10-15 times pre- and post-pulse respectively. 9 of 113 cases had two sessions of treatment, 104 underwent only one session. 96% cases were followed up for 4-6 months., Results: Total response was achieved in 85 cases (75.22%), good response in 28 cases (24.78%), fair response and poor response was 0. Temporary side effects included hyper-pigmentation in 11 cases (9.73%), hypo-pigmentation in 2 cases (1.77%), and they disappeared after 4 to 6 months. 7 cases had scar formation accounting for 6.19%., Conclusion: The minimal coagulation dosage pulsed Gentle YAG laser is a good tool to treat hemangioma in oral and maxillofacial regions. It has the advantage of fast efficacy, short term sessions and fewer side effects. It is worthy of wide clinical application.