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In this experiment, five different parts of beef were selected to make boletus beef sauce, namely beef hind leg (BHL), beef shoulder (BS), beef knuckle (BK), beef brisket (BB), and beef tendon (BT), and the effects of different beef parts on the quality and volatile aroma components of spicy beef boletus sauce were investigated. The boletus beef sauce made from BB reported the highest sensory score of 87.4. In terms of texture, beef sauce made from BB exhibited the best quality, with hardness, elasticity, gumminess, and chewiness values of 14.01 N, 4.71 mm, 3.22 N, and 15.30 mJ, respectively. Significant differences (P1. In summary, the BB was proven to be the best raw material in making spicy beef boletus sauce. These research findings provide a theoretical basis and data reference for the future cooking process and flavor characteristics of beef sauce.

The volatile content in nitrile rubber was measured by halogen moisture meter and compared with the results obtained by the hot-roll method. The influence of different measurement conditions on the measured results of the halogen moisture meter was investigated. The results showed that using the halogen moisture meter, the volatile content in nitrile rubber raw rubber could be measured by both the preset drying time method and preset mass loss method. Under suitable conditions such as sample mass of 3 g, drying temperature of 110 ℃, preset heating time of 8 min, or preset mass loss of 1/140 mg/s, the measured results were consistent with the hot-roll method. This method reduced measure time, was easy to operate, and could be used to guide quickly actual production.

Real-time sensing of hot spot temperature in three-core cable joints is of significant importance for studying operation safety of cables， temperature rise， and dynamic load carrying capacity assessment. Therefore， focusing on 10 kV three-core cable joints and considering the variations in structures， materials， and on-site process for different types of joints， the paper constructs a simulation model for cable joint temperature fields and analyzes the temperature field distribution rules of the joints. Moreover， the paper establishes a unified inverse model for axial temperature of conductor based on axial heat flow. By employing single factor variation and orthogonal combination methods， the paper analyzes the impact of material parameter variations on the fitting degree and sensitivity of the axial inverse model for joint conductors. Simulation results demonstrate that the sensitivity coefficient and fitting goodness of the inverse model for axial temperature vary slightly， indicating good robustness for different structural， material， and on-site process variations.

As a highly prevalent disease worldwide, diabetes kidney disease （DKD） is a common complication of diabetes and a major cause of end-stage renal disease （ESRD）. One clinical symptom of DKD is persistent proteinuria with or without a gradual decrease in glomerular filtration rate （GFR）. Urinary microalbumin is currently recognized as a marker of early renal injury. However, it has some limitations. Kidney biopsy is a gold diagnostic standard for DKD. Yet its wider applications are restricted by its invasive nature. Therefore actively seeking non-invasive and reliable diagnostic modalities for DKD is of great significance. This review summarized the latest researches of early non-invasive diagnosis of DKD and provided valuable references for an early diagnosis of DKD in clinical practices.

Five kinds of commercially available sour fish sauce were taken as the research object to clarify their quality and flavor characteristics. The physicochemical and nutritional indexes, free amino acids, and volatile components were analyzed. The results showed that the moisture, ash, total acid, amino acid nitrogen, reducing sugar, protein, vitamin C and fat contents in the five kinds of sour fish sauce were significantly different (P

In recent years, massive online open courses (MOOCs) platforms provide users with a wealth of learning resources. Nevertheless, information overload remains a pressing concern, necessitating the development of effective personalized course recommendation methods. The existing course recommendation methods disregard the temporal relationship among courses and are unable to capture long-distance dependencies between them. Simultaneously, personalized course recommendation models designed for interactive sequence modeling are confronted with two key issues: how to extract users’ learning interest representation effectively and how to solve cold-start. Based on this, a graph neural network course recommendation model (GHLS4CR) is proposed, which integrates hot spots and long and short-term interests. This model designs two session graph conversion methods, acyclic timing graph and acyclic shortcut graph, to alleviate the problems of temporal information loss and inability to capture long-distance dependencies in existing methods. This model represents users’ long-term and short-term interests at the graph level, and integrates them with popular course information to achieve personalized recommendations while alleviating cold-start issue. A large number of experiments conducted on the XuetangX public dataset MOOCCourse show that GHLS4CR outperforms mainstream recommendation models such as FISSA and LESSR in the field of personalized course recommendation. Compared with the second best LESSR model, Recall@5 is improved by 13.28%, and MRR@5 is improved by 15.50%.

Objective To analyze the effect of sample hemolysis on ELISA test results in blood screening laboratory, so as to determine the acceptable tolerance of hemolysis specific to laboratory test items and detection system, and provide reference for the formulation of tolerance standard of sample hemolysis. Methods Negative and weakly positive (S/CO was about 2) samples with different hemolysis degrees were tested by several commonly used domestic reagents for HBsAg, HIV Ag/Ab, anti-HCV and anti-TP, respectively. The effects of various degrees of hemolysis on the test results of negative and weakly positive samples for each item were analyzed. Results 1) Hemolysis had no effect on the test results (reactive/non-reactive) of negative and weakly positive samples for HBsAg, anti-HCV and anti-TP ELISA items; 2) Hemolysis affected the test results (reactive/non-reactive) of negative and weakly positive samples for HIV Ag/Ab ELISA item. A tolerance of Hb 2 g/L was taken as the acceptable hemolysis degree for HIV Ag/Ab ELISA item. Conclusion In this study, the acceptable tolerance of hemolytic samples for corresponding test items and detection system in our laboratory were determined. The influence of hemolysis on ELISA test result is related to the reagent, equipment, environment and other factors, therefore the acceptable tolerance of hemolysis should be determined scientifically and reasonably based on the specific evaluation of each laboratory.

行政院通過雙語國家政策後，許多縣市選擇CLIL為主要雙語教學模式，本研究透過教學行動研究反思與修正的歷程，建構可行的數學CLIL教學模式。研究者設計角度及三角形兩個幾何單元的教學，於110年10月6日至28日在國小四年級實施，蒐集教室觀察紀錄、訪談、文件資料、省思札記、中、英語單元成就測驗等資料，進行綜合分析。本研究主要發現如下：一、CLIL的學習情境可視學生需求提供中文輔助，課堂融入70 %的英語，並採異質分組促進同儕溝通互動。二、課程設計可依學科內容設計不同難度的操作活動與統整型的素養任務。三、教學實施可調整數學教科書活動安排，將相同數學概念整併，規劃符合CLIL內容和語言循環的教學活動。四、學習評量在課堂中著重英語聽和說形成性評量，課堂最後回到中文數學課本習題檢核數學概念。五、全班學生數學表現穩定，未因CLIL教學影響學習成效，但三角形單元的單字與句型較為複雜，學生學習仍受語言影響。 After the Executive Yuan passed the “Bilingual Nation 2030” policy, many county and city governments chose content and language integrated learning（CLIL）as their primary bilingual teaching model. This study constructed a practicable CLIL mathematics teaching model through reflection and revision of teaching action research. Two geometry units on angles and triangles were designed and implemented in a fourth-grade elementary school class from October 6-28, 2021. Data collected for analysis included classroom observations, interviews, documents, personal journals and achievement tests in Chinese and English. The findings showed that 1. CLIL learning contexts can provide Chinese as needed to student, integrate English into 70 % of each lesson, and arrange heterogeneous groupings to promote peer communication and interaction; 2. curriculum design can include hands-on activities and integrated literacy assignments with different levels of difficulty according to the content; 3. teaching implementation can adjust the arrangement of mathematics textbook activities, integrate the same mathematical concepts, and plan according to the CLIL content and language cycle; 4. learning assessment focuses on English listening and speaking formative assessments in the classroom and returns to the Chinese mathematics textbook exercises to check mathematical concepts and 5. students’ performance in mathematics was stable and unaffected by the CLIL instruction, but the English words and sentences in the triangle unit were more complicated, and the students’ learning was affected by the language.

Background Poor prognosis in elderly patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) has put great pressure on public health. Actively searching for simple and easy-to-operate clinical indicators to screen high-risk groups with poor prognosis has become a hot issue. Objective To analyze the predictive value of sarcopenia index (SI) on the prognosis of elderly patients with AIS. Methods A total of 280 elderly AIS patients hospitalized in Changzhou Jintan First People's Hospital from July 2021 to June 2022 were selected and divided into the poor prognosis group (≥3 points) and good prognosis group (≤2 points) according to the Modified Rankin Scale (mRS). Baseline data and National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) scores at admission and discharge were compared between the two groups. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis was used to explore the factors affecting the prognosis of elderly patients with AIS, and a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was plotted to analyze the value of SI in predicting poor prognosis in elderly patients with AIS. Results There were 212 cases in the good prognosis group and 68 cases in the poor prognosis group. There were significant differences in the history of diabetes and previous stroke, neutrophil count (NE), lymphocyte count (LY), albumin (ALB), admission NIHSS score, discharge NIHSS score, and SI between patients between the poor prognosis group and good prognosis group (P

Objective: This study aimed to study the effect of matcha on lipid oxidation during the storage of coix seed. Methods: The fresh coix seeds were used as raw material and treated with matcha tea powder in different doses. The changes in water content, fatty acid value, peroxidation value, malondialdehyde content, total number of colonies and key enzyme of lipid oxidation were determined during the storage of coix seeds. Results: The treatment with different doses of matcha powder could inhibit the increase of fatty acid value, peroxide value, malondialdehyde content, lipase, and lipoxygenase activities, and reduce water consumption and microbial growth during storage of coix seeds. The preservation effect of matcha on coix seeds was dose-dependent to a certain extent, but the difference in the preservation effect of adding matcha tea powder with a mass fraction of 0.05% and 0.08% was small. After 4 months of storage, compared with the self-sealing bags group, the fatty acid value, peroxide value and malondialdehyde content of coix seeds in the treatment group with the addition of 0.05% matcha powder were decreased by 31.6%, 30.77% and 44.83%, respectively. The activities of lipase and lipoxygenase decreased by 23.05% and 28.74%, respectively, and the composition and content of free fatty acids were more similar to those of fresh coix seeds. Conclusion: Matcha could effectively inhibit lipid oxidation during storage of coix seeds and extended shelf life.

β-thalassemia is a common monogenic inherited blood disorder caused by mutations of β-globin gene which results to synthesis obstacles or abnormal structure of β-globin. Gene therapy mediated by lentiviral vector(LVV) is divided into gene-integration strategies using LVV to add fully functional β-hemoglobin(HBB) genes to chromosomes and gene-editing strategies using LVV to deliver specific ribozymes to hematopoietic stem cells for in situ repair of HBB genes. Improving viral titration and transduction efficiency, reducing target loss and advancing clinical trials are the main targets of these two strategies.

The test material in this experiment was the wine grape variety 'Petit Verdot' (Vitis vinifera L.cv. Petit Verdot). Sucrose, glucose, fructose, and rhamnose were selected for sugars, with mass fractions of 2%, 5% and 8%, respectively. The grape was sprayed with exogenous sugars and cultured in vitro for 12 days in a plant growth incubator. The rate of fruit color change was monitored and analyzed, and the primary quality indicators such as titratable acids, reducing sugars, anthocyanins and non-anthocyanin phenolics were examined extensively using principal component analysis. According to the results, under in vitro culture conditions, fructose, sucrose and rhamnose improved grape fruit quality significantly, while glucose had no obvious effect on grape fruit quality. In terms of improving the comprehensive quality of fruit, the best treatment effect was fructose, with 8% Fru ranking the first, 5%Fru ranking the second and 2% Fru ranking the ninth. The optimum concentration of 2% Suc ranked third overall, 8% Suc ranked fifth overall, and 5% Suc ranked eighth. Rhamnose optimal concentration of 5%, ranked in the fourth, 2% Rha ranked sixth, 8% Rha ranking behind in the control group, as the 12th. Glucose function was not obvious to improve the quality of the grapes, 2% Glu ranking in the seventh, higher than that of control group two, while both 5% and 8% Glu ranked lower than the control, at 13 and 11, respectively. According to the scores of principal component 1 and principal component 2, fructose significantly promoted the accumulation of anthocyanins and phenols (principal component 1), in which 5% Fru scored the highest, 8% Fru the second and 2% Fru the third. Sucrose significantly increased the content of soluble solids, reducing sugars and titratable acids (principal component 2), with 2% Suc scoring highest, 5% Suc second, and 8% Suc sixth. To sum up, different kinds of sugar into the skin cells may have different metabolic pathways and metabolites, the mechanisms of metabolism of different types of sugars in grape skin cells need to be further explored.

偏鄉教育變革成效攸關教育是否均衡發展，以及學童是否享有公平教育機會與更好就學品質，是彰顯社會公平正義與扭轉弱勢族群困境之重要議題。本研究針對位處極偏區域之高雄國民教育幼兒班進行探討，以瞭解在教育資源極度匱乏下，應如何面對教育困境與啟動變革之舉措和歷程。研究採用質性個案分析之紮根理論研究法，並透過半結構式訪談蒐集第一 線參與者之資料，以瞭解支持服務輔導計畫之效果。本研究共計訪談九人，包含巡迴輔導教授一人、巡迴輔導員三人與受輔導教師五人，並閱讀、比對其所提供之相關資料與文件。研究發現，因其位處極偏地區，外在環境限制影響深遠，而導入輔導機制是克服困境之契機，在歷經整頓建置期、轉型試煉期、扎根深化期、穩定成長期等四階段之變革歷程，獲致教保品質提升、專業知能深化及核心素養扎根之變革成效。 Research Motivation and Purpose Remote schools often face a vicious cycle due to insufficient professional teachers, inadequate socioeconomic resources, and low student motivation, resulting in educational challenges. Therefore, effective practices for educational reform in remote areas should focus on teacher development, resource provision, curriculum design, and professional growth by implementing a transformative model to improve the quality of rural education. However, how to implement and promote these changes is a topic worthy of exploration and the main motivation behind this research. The effectiveness of educational reforms in remote areas is crucial for achieving balanced development in education, as well as ensuring equal educational opportunities and better learning quality for students. It is an important issue that highlights social fairness and justice and addresses the challenges faced by disadvantaged groups. In light of this, this study focuses on the investigation of the indigenous area and offshore island preschool programs (IAOIPP) in Kaohsiung, aiming to understand how to address educational challenges and initiate transformative processes of the support-service counseling mechanism in the context of extremely scarce educational resources. Literature Review The literature review of this study focuses on two main aspects, including the exploration of rural education and the context of educational transformation in remote areas. It approaches the topic from various angles, such as the definition and impact of rural areas, the situation of rural education, the focal points of educational transformation, and the key factors in transformative change. The aim is to understand the core components and necessary measures for rural education reform. Based on this understanding, interview guidelines are developed to provide theoretical support for subsequent analysis and discussions. Concurrently, through the literature review, it is understood that the drivers of transformation should integrate the government’s plans, local thinking, cultural characteristics, and potential dynamics of remote areas. By engaging in long-term reflection, adjustments, and participatory guidance, one can comprehend the dynamic trends and directions of development. This understanding will facilitate the provision of phased adjustment steps, practical transformative practices, and necessary resource allocation, leading to transformative outcomes that yield significant results. Research Method The study adopts a qualitative case analysis using grounded theory research methodology and collects data through semi-structured interviews with frontline participants to understand the effectiveness of the IAOIPP. A total of nine individuals were interviewed, including one touring counseling professor, three itinerant assistants, and five remedial teachers. Since the study’s interview subjects include participants with different job attributes, the interview guidelines also focus on different perspectives. The data analysis followed coding procedures based on grounded theory, including open coding, axial coding, selective coding, and coding for process. Various data collected from interviews, observations, notes, and documents were analyzed through processes of textualization, conceptualization, proposition, visualization, and theorization. Relevant information and documents provided by the participants were also reviewed and compared. Solid research results were obtained, and triangulation among multiple sources of data was employed to enhance the credibility of the research findings. Results This research found that due to the remote location of the IAOIPP in Kaohsiung, the external environmental constraints have had a profound impact. Introducing the support-service counseling mechanism is an opportunity to overcome these challenges. The research has gone through four stages of transformation, namely the reorganization phase, the transformation phase, the rooting phase, and the stability phase, known as the RTRS transformation process. The process of four stages of significant change leads to improvements in educational quality, deepening of professional knowledge and skills, and the establishment of a foundation for core competencies. In other words, the core perspective of the RTRS transformation process implies the significant importance of providing real transitive responsible services to children in remote areas. Furthermore, during the reorganization phase, by identifying problems, communicating solutions, establishing concepts, seeking support, and building networks, the aim is to break bad habits, reshape ideas, introduce routines, and establish systems to initiate the transformation. In the transformation stage, by understanding policy trends, emphasizing indigenous language teaching, internalizing intangible assets, and integrating resources while preserving cultural heritage, the goal is to accumulate transformative momentum and face challenges such as natural disasters. In the rooting phase, practices such as extending the concept of life as culture, discovering local cultural characteristics, and responding to children’s localized experiences are carried out to promote ethnic culture and create unique curriculum features, thereby transforming the opportunity for change. Finally, in the stability phase, practices such as demonstrating excellent teaching abilities, deepening the learning organization, and self-reflective corrections are undertaken to achieve recognition and professional improvement, thereby implementing the outcomes of the transformation. Conclusions and Suggestions According to the research findings, the following conclusions are proposed: 1. The extremely remote location of the IAOIPP in Kaohsiung has profound impacts due to the constraints of the external environment. The deeply ingrained conventional thinking has a significant influence on administration and teaching, making the challenges of change more severe compared to typical rural school educational development issues. 2. The introduction of the support-service counseling mechanism in IAOIPP of Kaohsiung increases the possibilities of problem-solving and nurturing professional growth. It also enhances the feasibility of stabilizing teaching staff and creating additional benefits, thereby providing an opportunity for overcoming difficulties through the mechanism. 3. The IAOIPP of Kaohsiung has gradually transformed and flourished through four major phases of reform. These include the promotion of transformative effects through reshaping institutional norms, the impact and effect of transformational trials through internalizing intangible resources, the concept extension and deepening benefits achieved through the design of distinctive curricula, and the motivating and elevating effects of stable growth recognized through continuous awards. 4. The effectiveness of the reform in the IAOIPP of Kaohsiung is closely related to the implementation of counseling mechanisms. The improvement of educational quality relies on collaboration from multiple parties and manifests in the children’s competencies. Meanwhile, the effectiveness of the reform is rooted in the interactive stimulation of the reform mechanisms throughout the process. Sequential and progressive implementation of mechanisms helps accumulate momentum and expand the effects of transformation. Additionally, the substantial delivery of real transitive responsible services highlights the achievements of rural education reform. Finally, based on the conclusions, the suggestions are proposed, including addressing inherent environmental limitations and appropriate mechanisms for rural education reform, acknowledging the influence of the implementation of transformational mechanisms to the effectiveness of rural education reform, setting correct goals and continuously accumulating momentum for successful educational transformations, and employing the conceptual framework formed from this research for future studies.

本研究探討桌遊融入數學「加減法」單元學習扶助教學之實施歷程及學習成效，以國小二年級五位學生為研究對象，採行動研究法，設計「二位數的加減法」、「加減應用」、「加減兩步驟」三個單元課程，分別運用「撲克99」、「你加我減」、「數大為王」三款桌上遊戲，於109年11月至109年12月進行兩循環教學。透過課堂觀察、訪談、學習單、前後測試卷、省思札記等資料，進行綜合分析。本研究主要發現如下：一、依數學概念選擇適合的桌遊可協助學習扶助學生提升能力。二、需適度調整桌遊的難度及遊戲規則，讓學生維持學習的興趣。三、桌遊有助於學習扶助學生加減法數學概念的建立，並能提升基本運算能力。 This study explored the effectiveness of incorporating board games into the teaching of “Addition and Subtraction” unit in second-grade remedial mathematics instruction. Employing the action research method, five second-grade students were selected as the participants, and three unit courses were designed: “Addition and Subtraction of Two-Digit Numbers”, “Application of Addition and Subtraction”, and “Two Steps of Addition and Subtraction”. The teaching was conducted over two cycles from November 2019 to December 2019, using the board games “Poker 99”, “You Add and I Subtract”, and “The Biggest Number is the King” as instructional aids. Data were collected from classroom observations, interviews, worksheets, pre- and post-test papers, and reflection notes. The analysis results indicate that 1. Choosing an appropriate board game based on mathematical concepts enhances students' mathematics abilities; 2. Adjusting the difficulty and rules of board games helps maintaining students' motivation in learning; 3. Board games facilitate the establishment of mathematical concepts of addition and subtraction, and improve basic computation skills.

This study involved the application of bibliotherapy with the Bible. The researchers deployed semi-structured in-depth interviews with 12 Christian undergraduates and graduate students from National Taiwan University. This study evaluated the emotional healing efficacy of the Bible by examining the emotional healing processes of identification, catharsis, and insight, and this paper focus on the biographies and stories of characters in the Bible. The findings showed that biographies and stories of characters in the Bible could provide a full process of emotional healing efficacy for Christians who suffer from such emotional disturbance as self-identity problems, struggling with their future careers, and feeling ashamed of their religious beliefs. Those characters are Abraham, Joseph, Moses, Samson, Ruth, David, Elijah, Esther and Mordecai, Job, Daniel, Hosea and Gomer, Jonah, Jesus, Mary (mother of Jesus), Peter, Mary Magdalene, Martha, and Stephen.

In order to ensure the effective supervision of safety criticality during the initial loading and refueling of the reactor and prevent critical accidents during the core loading, the primary loading system of the nuclear reactor is developed. The system detector assembly, monitoring cabinet, measuring channel cabinet and lifting scheme are designed in detail, and the system is fully tested and verified. The detector assembly with boron coated proportional counter tube as the core is designed with pressure resistance and sealing structure, and the integrated high shielding anti-interference cable design is adopted to ensure the stability of signal transmission. The signal processing device adopts the form of cabinet and plug-in box to realize the functions of signal conditioning, pulse counting, alarm display, cycle value calculation and historical record. The isolation design of the signal processing and display plug-in of the measurement channel box further ensures the reliability of the system. Through test and verification, the system’s water pressure tightness, radiation characteristics and stability can meet the requirements of neutron flux rate monitoring during the initial loading process. It has been applied to units 3 and 4 of Fangchenggang nuclear power station.

This is a paper in the field of ceramics and composites. Ultra-lean iron ore was processed, and the ultra-lean iron ore with a good gradation was used as aggregate to prepare a new type of autoclaved aerated concrete block. Furthermore, the effects of different aggregate content, water-cement ratio and autoclave time on the performance and microstructure of autoclaved aerated concrete were studied. The results showed that with the increase of water-cement ratio, lime content, aggregate replacement rate and autoclave time, the compressive strength of concrete showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing. When the replacement rate of ultra-lean iron ore aggregate was 40%, the amount of fly ash was 10%, the amount of lime was 18%, the amount of cement was 60%, the water-cement ratio was 0.45 and the autoclave time was 5h,the performance of concrete was at its best. At the same time, the incorporation of ultra-lean iron ore had a great impact on the generation of new phases, the concrete itself and the pore structure.

In this paper, the overall development of electromagnetic heating food technology and even electromagnetic cooking technology was analyzed from multiple perspectives by means of literature date summary, and questionnaire survey analysis. This paper focused on the main components and functions, technical elements, core technical indicators and research hotspots of electromagnetic heating food equipment, and the current overall research situation of electromagnetic cooking food technology was also summarized and analyzed. For the commercial electromagnetic cooker products, this paper summarized and analyzed the market application situation and main use problems of electromagnetic cooker based on the questionnaire survey analysis method. Finally, based on the current situation of increasingly prominent problems of electromagnetic cooking products, the future development suggestion of standardizing market order and improving technology foresight was pointed out.

Objective To evaluate the expression of nucleolar protein 9 （NOL9） in hepatocellular carcinoma and the effect of NOL9 on the proliferation of hepatocellular carcinoma cells， aiming to elucidate the molecular mechanism of NOL9 overexpression in hepatocellular carcinoma. Methods Surgical specimens （cancerous and para-cancerous tissues） were obtained from 7 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. The expression levels of NOL9 in the cancerous and para-cancerous tissues were determined by Western blot and RT-qPCR. Huh7 and HCCLM3 cell were transferred with NOL9 si-RNA. The differences between two groups were analyzed by RT-qPCR， Western blot， colony formation assay and CCK-8 assay. Hepatocellular carcinoma data from TCGA database were used to evaluate the expression level of NOL9 mRNA and promoter methylation level. The correlation between NOL9 and transcription levels of Ten-eleven-translocation enzymes （TET1， TET2 and TET3） was analyzed. After administration of 5-Aza-Dc， the expression level of NOL9 in Huh7 and HCCLM3 cells was detected by RT-qPCR and Western blot. The cells were pretreated with 5-Aza-Dc and transfected with si-RNA， and then colony formation assay and CCK-8 assay were used to analyze the difference of cell proliferation. Results The expression of NOL9 was up-regulated in hepatocellular carcinoma tissues compared with para-cancerous tissues. Knockdown of NOL9 could significantly inhibit cell proliferation and cell colony formation in Huh7 and HCCLM3 cells （all P < 0.01）. The methylation level of NOL9 promoter was negatively correlated with its mRNA level in hepatocellular carcinoma. NOL9 mRNA level was negatively correlated with one CpG region （cg07997941）. In hepatocellular carcinoma， NOL9 was positively correlated with the transcription levels of TET1， TET2 and TET3. After administration of 5-Aza-Dc， the expression level of NOL9 was up-regulated. Treatment with 5-Aza-Dc could reverse the inhibitory effect of NOL9 knockdown on cell proliferation and colony formation. Conclusion NOL9 is highly expressed in hepatocellular carcinoma tissues. Knockdown of NOL9 suppresses the proliferation and colony formation of hepatocellular carcinoma cells. The mechanism underlying NOL9 up-regulation may be related to promoter hypomethylation.

In order to reduce the content of formaldehyde and heavy metal cadmium in Lentinus edodes, the effect of different acid pretreatments on the removal of formaldehyde and cadmium content in Lentinus edodes was studied, and the removal method was optimized orthogonally. The results showed that the removal rate of formaldehyde and cadmium from Lentinus edodes was the highest under the conditions of pH4.5, solid-liquid ratio 1:4 g/mL, and shaking temperature 35 ℃, which were 88.06% and 79.57%, respectively. Finally, gas chromatography-ion mobility mass spectrometry (GC-IMS) was used to determine the effect of lactic acid pretreatment on volatile flavor compounds of Lentinus edodes. The results showed that there were 28 volatile substances in Lentinus edodes samples, including 9 kinds of aldehydes, 8 kinds of ketones, 6 kinds of alcohols, 4 kinds of esters and 1 kind of acid compounds. The lactic acid pretreatment dried Lentinus edodes showed an increase in 2-pentanone, cyclohexanone and gamma-butyrolactone and a significant reduction in 3-octanone and butyraldehyde. In dried Lentinus edodes, pungent flavours such as onion and pungency were reduced, and creamy and fruity aromas were increased, with a strong, richly layered odour.

Objective： This study aimed to provide a basis for the post-harvest storage and preservation of fresh shoots from bamboo (Chimonobambusa quadrangularis). Methods: Fresh bamboo shoots were fumigated with 500 μL/L anhydrous ethanol and 0.1 mmol/L MeJA, and distilled water was used as blank control (CK) to determine the storage period, i. e. temperature (1.0±0.3) ℃ and relative humidity (90±5)%. The respiratory intensity, hardness, browning index, soluble protein, and activity of PAL, POD, PPO and APX were detected. The quality differences of fresh bamboo shoots during storage were analyzed using principal component analysis. Results: Combined fumigation treatment can reduce the increase of hardness and browning index of fresh bamboo shoots during storage, maintain the contents of total flavonoids and soluble protein, induce the changes of APX, POD, PAL and PPO enzyme activities, and delay lignification and browning. As stored for 60 days, the principal component analysis of combined fumigation was higher than that of other treatments. Conclusion: Compound fumigation can better maintain the quality of bamboo shoots during storage.

Owing to the “Bilingual 2030” policy and the plan of “Program on Bilingual Education for Students in College” by 2024, English as a Medium of Instruction (EMI) courses play an integral role in goal achievement. This is an action research study that analyzed the impact of the integration of flipped classroom and problem-based learning into EMI courses by examining doctoral students from a university in Taiwan. The spiral exploration mode of the three major cycles was the fundamental concept for analyzing the impact of actions. For each cycle, five steps were implemented: “planning-implement-observation-reflection-adjustment”. The study discovered feasible integration models through the action procedure of the preparatory period, the implementation period, and the evaluation period, where flipped classroom and problem-based learning were effectively integrated into the courses. In addition, the integrated model was beneficial to students’ learning growth, strengthening their willingness to participate, and enhancing their professional ability and learning satisfaction. Finally, suggestions were put forward for those who wish to set up, teach and take EMI courses to provide practical inspirations.

专色的准确预测是包装印刷领域的重要技术之一。为了得到更加准确的专色配方, 提高专色配色精度, 提出了一种结合最小二乘法和增强天牛须搜索算法的专色配方预测方法, 并利用吸光度来解决专色配方的预测问题。研究了高透光特性PET薄膜的光谱模型, 并构建了吸收光谱机理模型; 提出了增强天牛须搜索算法, 在传统天牛须搜索算法的基础上, 引入突变概率项和方向修正项, 提升算法的搜索能力和收敛速度; 利用最小二乘法优化配色色域空间, 降低基色搜索维度, 提高寻优效率。应用所提出的增强天牛须搜索算法求解各基色比例, 预测专色配方, 并与传统天牛须算法、粒子群算法和蚁群算法进行比较, 验证所提方法在专色预测方面的有效性和优越性。研究结果表明, 所提方法与现有的3种方法相比, 具有更高的精度, 原有专色和预测专色之间色差均小于3, 且90%的色差小于1, 40%的色差小于0.1, 所提方法对于提高专色油墨的配色精度具有显著效果, 可准确地预测专色配方。

Objective: The relationship between the clarification effect and methanol content of honeydew-melon juice was investigated during the optimization of pectinase treatment process. Methods: The effects of pectinase addition, pH value, reaction time, and processing temperature on the clarity and methanol content of honeydew-melon juice were investigated through single factor and orthogonal experiments, by using the transmittance and methanol content as indicators. Results: The order of influencing factors on clarity and methanol content of juice was pH value ＞ pectinase addition ＞ action time ＞ temperature. The optimal conditions for producing honeydew-melon juice with high clarity and high methanol concentration were 0.04 g/100 mL of pectinase addition, pH value of honey melon juice 4.0, action time 120 min, and treatment temperature 35 ℃. Under the control of these conditions, the amount of methanol produced was 423.79 mg/L, and the light transmittance of honeydew-melon juice was 95.71%. Conclusion: The methanol content is positively correlated with the clarity of honeydew-melon juice. More completed pectin decomposition and higher methanol content can result in higher light transmittance of honeydew-melon juice.

Objective To establish a stable cyclophosphamide(CTX) induced ovarian insufficiency rat model and to explore the mechanisms. Methods The survival curve of rats after intraperitoneal injection of different dosage of CTX was drawn and the optimal dose was determined. Sex hormone level, estrous cycle and ovarian histological change were further observed. The underlying mechanisms were explored by transcriptome sequencing. Results The mortality rate of medium and high dose in CTX group was high, so low dose CTX was chosen. After CTX exposure, E2 and AMH decreased(both P＜0.05),while FSH increased(P＜0.01). About half of the model rats showed irregular estrous cycles(P＜0.05). The preantral and antral follicles decreased(P＜0.01, P＜0.05), while atresia follicles increased (P＜0.01). Transcriptome sequencing analysis showed that differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between two groups functioned in channel activity and in transmembrane transporter activity. DEGs mainly enriched in neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction pathway, cAMP signal pathway and calcium signaling pathway, axon guidance. According to the protein-protein interaction network of DEGs,we screened out 14 hub genes. Among them, Leptin, Shh,Ntrk2,GRIN2A,CAMK2A,CaSR and Pvalb have been revealed to be closely related to ovarian function. Conclusions A POI rat model induced by CTX was successfully constructed; the neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction pathway, cAMP signal pathway, calcium signaling pathway and axon guidance pathway are enriched pathways. Lep, Shh, Ntrk2, GRIN2A, CAMK2A, CaSR and Pvalb are potentially key genes.

Under the condition of changing amount of 2-dibutylamino-4,6-dimercapto-s-triazine （curing agent DB） and magnesium oxide alternately, the curing characteristics and physical and mechanical properties of chlorinated butyl rubber cured with them were investigated, and the curing mechanism was discussed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis. The results showed that the combination of curing agent DB and magnesium oxide could cure chlorinated butyl rubber well and achieve “zinc free cure”. When the amount of magnesium oxide was fixed, the amount of curing agent DB of 1.0-1.5 phr （mass） was appropriate. Magnesium oxide could improve scorch and prolong curing time in the curing system. The crosslinking reaction was characterized by participation of allyl bonded chlorine atoms, the thiol group of triazine mercaptan reacted with ally chloride and disengaged hydrogen chloride to form a C—S crosslinking network, and magnesium oxide participated in the curing reaction as an acid receptor.

【Objective】The differences in leaf nutrient content and nutrient resorption efficiency of different canopies of A. montana forest were analyzed, and the relationship between A. montana leaf nutrient resorption efficiency and nutrient contents in leaves and soil was studied.【Method】The Aleurites montana forest, planted after the coniferous forests with low production being cut down and cultivated as ecological forest conforming to the nature, was taken as test materials. The contents of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) in leaves of the upper and lower canopies of A. montana were determined in the peak vegetative period (July) and the defoliating period (October).【Result】The macronutrients N, P, K, Ca and Mg in senescent leaves were significantly lower than those in mature leaves and there was no nutrient enrichment in senescent leaves. The N contents of mature and senescent leaves in the upper canopy were significantly higher than those in the lower canopy. The K content in mature leaves of upper layer was significantly higher than that in the lower canopy. Ca resorption efficiency was significantly lower than that of other nutrients, with only 14.935 (±3.191) %. In addition, the resorption efficiency of Mg in the lower canopy was significantly higher than that in the upper canopy. There was no significant difference in the resorption efficiencies of other nutrients between upper and lower canopies. There was a significant negative correlation between K resorption efficiency and K content in mature and senescent leaves, and a significant positive correlation between Ca resorption efficiency and Ca content in mature leaves. There was a significant positive correlation between N resorption efficiency and soil hydrolyzed nitrogen. The K resorption efficiency was negatively correlated with soil total K content, but positively correlated with soil available K content.【Conclusion】The nutrient contents in senescent leaves of A. montana were significant lower than those in mature leaves, and there was a certain correlation between nutrient resorption efficiency and nutrients in leaves and soil. The study results could provide a scientific basis for further exploring the nutrient cycling mechanism of ecological public welfare forests.

Underground storage of grain is a method with long history. The underground quasi-low temperature and airtight isolation provide a storage environment that can inhibit pests for long-term storage of grain. This paper introduces a method of underground grain storage in Western Australia, which has been tested by farmers on the spot, and presents its specific practice and technical path of regional underground grain storage, so as to provide case support for further study of underground grain storage in China.

BACKGROUND Microwave digestion combined with inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) is a commonly used method for the determination of metal elements in soil samples. Different solvents can be used in the pretreatment, and the digestion method has a great influence on the accuracy of the analysis results. In addition, the accuracy of the results will be affected by the interference in the determination of some elements by ICP-MS. OBJECTIVES To accurately determine metal elements in soil samples by high resolution-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (HR-ICP-MS). METHODS Soil samples were digested by microwave using three different solvents, and 8 metal elements (Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd and U) were determined by HR-ICP-MS. The digestion effects of the three acid digestion methods using different amounts of nitric acid, hydrochloric acid and hydrofluoric acid on certified soil reference materials were studied, and the optimal pretreatment procedure was determined. RESULTS The proposed procedures have been verified by national soil reference materials. It was found that the measured values of digestion method Ⅰ(6mL HNO3+3mL HCl+3mL HF) and digestion method Ⅱ(2mL HNO3+6mL HCl+1mL HF) were consistent with the certified values, using HR-ICP-MS without interference correction. The detection limits of both procedures were 0.001-0.715μg/g. The relative standard deviations (RSD, n=6) were all less than 7.0%. In terms of digestion, accuracy and precision, acid system Ⅰ was slightly better than acid system Ⅱ, but acid system Ⅱ had the least amount of acid. CONCLUSIONS The two preferred procedures have high applicability and reliability, and can be used for the direct determination of 8 metal elements in soil samples.

The role of cell transplantation therapy and gene therapy in the treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD) has attracted more and more attention. It has developed from laboratory research tools to clinical products for patients. The purpose of cell transplantation therapy in PD is to replace degenerated midbrain dopamine neurons and restore dopamine neurotransmission in the denervation of the nigrostriatal pathway. Gene therapy works by introducing genetic material to slow down the degeneration of dopamine neurons and restore dopaminergic signaling transduction. Using neurotrophic factor and delivery methods for neurotrophic factor have entered clinical trials. It can also intervene in the pathological process of α⁃synuclein (α⁃Syn) mediated neurodegeneration. This paper reviews the latest progress of cell transplantation therapy and gene therapy for PD, and looks forward to the future treatment strategies.

With the continuous iteration of technological innovation, the medical and health industry ushered in a new stage of digital health development. This article expounds the connotation and application of digital health, and discusses the development, advantages and disadvantages of digital health in the management of patients with Parkinson's disease (PD), so as to utilize digital health to pave the way for improving the whole-disease-cycle management of patients with PD, and to lay the foundation for improving their health and well-being and realizing Healthy China in an all-round way.

Objective To investigate the effects of maternal exposure to polystyrene plastic particles of 5 µm, 0.5 µm, and 0.05 µm on the growth and development of mammalian placenta and its underlying mechanisms. Methods Pregnant mice were administered 50 mg/kg of polystyrene particles of 5 µm, 0.5 µm, and 0.05 µm via oral gavage throughout the gestation period until one day before delivery. After dissection, placental tissues were collected for weighing, counting, and histopathological examination using HE staining. The oxidative stress levels in placental tissues were quantitatively analyzed using kits for malondialdehyde (MDA), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px). The expression levels of apoptosis-related proteins in placental tissues were determined using Western blotting. Results Compared to the control group, there were no significant effects on the body weight of pregnant mice (F=2.564, P>0.05), number of embryo implantations (F=0.319, P>0.05), and placental weight (F=1.225, P>0.05) in the 5 |m, 0.5 |m, and 0.05 |m groups; however, the uterine surfaces in the 0.05 | m group appeared pale in some areas. HE staining results indicated that the placental layers in the 0.5 µm and 0.05 µm groups had indistinct boundaries and a loose cell distribution. The area proportion of the labyrinth layer in the 0.05 |m group significantly decreased (F=13.77, P<0.01), accompanied by edema and vacuolar changes. Exposure to 0.5 µm and 0.05 µm polystyrene particles significantly increased MDA levels in placental tissues (F= 6.211, P<0.01) while decreasing the activities of SOD (F=9.853, P<0.01), GSH-Px (F=9.071, P<0.01), and CAT (F=7.168, P< 0.01), with the 0.05 |m group showing the most pronounced differences. Western blot analysis revealed that the expression levels of Cleaved Caspase-3 (F=16.05, P<0.01) and Bax (F=10.80, P<0.01) proteins were increased, while the expression level of Bcl-2 (F=10.66, P<0.01) was decreased in the 0.5 µm and 0.05 µm groups compared to the control group. Conclusion Polystyrene plastic particles induce developmental and reproductive dysfunction in mouse placental tissues through oxidative stress-mediated activation of the Bcl-2/Caspase-3 signaling pathway, with nanoparticles exhibiting stronger toxic effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background & Problems: Joint replacement wound stitches are typically not removed until two weeks after the operation. Therefore, patients with joint replacement must be able to execute proper wound care after discharge from the hospital to reduce the risk of wound infection. Prior data from Chang Gung Memorial Hospital's orthopedics ward indicate only 69% of joint-replacement patients are able to perform wound care properly at home. Potential causes for this noted by patients include age-related forgetfulness, being unable to discern redness or swelling in the wound, and language comprehension difficulties (i.e., Taiwanese vs. Mandarin). Poor rates of wound care may also be attributable to incomplete wound care education by nursing staff and wound care education being provided without adequate practice on the day of patient discharge. Purpose: This project was implemented to improve the accuracy of wound self-care performed by patients after joint replacement surgery and to enhance their related knowledge and wound-care technical correctness. Resolution: A wound care education checklist, wound care cue cards, wound care video clips, wound condition red flag cue cards, and customized wound care pack were proposed and implemented. Results: The rate of accuracy of wound self-care performance increased from 69% pretest to 98% posttest, showing the intervention to have effectively improved post-discharge wound care quality. Conclusions: To effectively improve the post-discharge accuracy of wound self-care in patients with joint replacement, the consistency of post-surgery wound care education given by nursing staff to patients should be improved, patients should be reminded of wound assessment and care steps, and patients should be aware that wound abnormalities require an immediate return to the hospital for follow-up treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this experiment, five different parts of beef were selected to make boletus beef sauce, namely beef hind leg (BHL), beef shoulder (BS), beef knuckle (BK), beef brisket (BB), and beef tendon (BT), and the effects of different beef parts on the quality and volatile aroma components of spicy beef boletus sauce were investigated. The boletus beef sauce made from BB reported the highest sensory score of 87.4. In terms of texture, beef sauce made from BB exhibited the best quality, with hardness, elasticity, gumminess, and chewiness values of 14.01 N, 4.71 mm, 3.22 N, and 15.30 mJ, respectively. Significant differences (P<0.05) in color of beef sauce were observed among different beef parts based on the L* and a* values. Electronic nose could effectively distinguish the spicy beef boletus sauce made from different parts of beef. In terms of flavor substances, 84 volatile flavor substances were detected in BHL, 36 in BS, 52 in BT, 102 in BK, and 87 in BB. The main aroma components were consistent with the types of sensitive substances identified by the electronic nose. Among them, hexanal, D-limonene, α-pinene, diallyl disulfide, and anethole were the common aroma components in the five parts, with ROAV>1. In summary, the BB was proven to be the best raw material in making spicy beef boletus sauce. These research findings provide a theoretical basis and data reference for the future cooking process and flavor characteristics of beef sauce. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To explore the status quo of breastfeeding social support in puerpera and analyze its influencing factors. Methods A total of 535 puerpera were selected from 4 community health service centers in Chengde city by complete random cluster sampling method. The random forest model and LASSO regression were used to rank and screen the influencing factors. Results The total score of the Breastfeeding Social Support Scale was 52.00 (9.00). The results of LASSO regression showed that when the lambda(λ) value was 0.117 7, the error was the smallest, and the corresponding number of influencing factors was 10. The importance ranking and multiple regression analysis showed that the main influencing factors of breastfeeding social support were community promotion of breastfeeding, whether returning to work or not, employment status, whether breastfeeding at night or not, feeding patterns (P < 0.05). Conclusion The level of breastfeeding social support remains to be improved, and health care providers should develop targeted intervention according to the influencing factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The experiment aims to develop xylanase XynA and provide a new resource for feeding xylanase. The XynA of Geobacillus stearothermophilus was heterologous expressed in Pichia pastoris, the optimal fermentation conditions, enzymatic properties and antioxidant properties of the hydrolysis product Xylo-oligosaccharide (XOS) were studied. The results showed that the crude XynA with enzyme activity of about 33.7 U/mL could be produced after 96 h induced by 1.0% methanol concentration. The optimum pH value of XynA is 9.0, the optimum temperature is 65 °C, moreover, XynA remains above 80% of the activity at pH value ranging from 5.0 to 10.5 and temperatures between 45 and 75 °C. Thin-layer chromatography (TLC) analysis revealed that the main products of the hydrolysis of bagasse xylan by XynA were xylotriose and xylohexaose. The scavenging rate of DPPH free radical reached 72.04% and the scavenging rate of hydroxylradical reached 99.16% with 1 000 mg/L XOS. The study indicates that XynA exhibits robust activity and stability, efficiently hydrolyzing xylan to produce XOS, thereby facilitating its application in the feed industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ObjectiveTo study a therapeutic reference range and laboratory alert level of amisulpride in the clinical treatment of schizophrenia.MethodsPatients who met the diagnostic criteria for schizophrenia in the International Classification of Diseases， tenth edition （ICD-10） were enrolled， and all patients received amisulpride treatment. Data including age， gender， duration of treatment， single daily dose， clinical diagnosis， amisulpride concentration， the scores of the Scale for the Assessment of Positive Symptoms （SAPS）， Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms （SANS） and Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale （PANSS）， the adverse reaction rate and multitherapy were collected. The concentration of amisulpride was compared within different efficacy groups and different dosage groups， meantime， the incidence rate of adverse reactions was compared within different amisulpride concentration groups， and between monotherapy and multitherapy groups. Thereafter， the therapeutic reference range and laboratory alert level of amisulpride in the clinical treatment of schizophrenia were explored via estimating the negative and positive predictive values.ResultsThe amisulpride concentration yielded no statistical difference within different dosage groups and different efficacy groups （F=0.745， 1.343， P>0.05）. The single daily dose among patients in different efficacy groups demonstrated no significant difference （F=0.902， P>0.05）. The correlation between amisulpride treatment efficacy and its concentration denoted no statistical significance （r=0.023， P=0.744）. The clinical efficacy and adverse reaction rate showed no significant difference between monotherapy group and multitherapy group （F=2.198， 0.095， P>0.05）. The concentration of amisulpride was not linearly correlated with the adverse reaction rates ［y=100x/（78.13+x）， r=0.960］. When amisulpride concentrations ranged from 100 to 600 ng/mL， the mean reduction rate was equal to or above 42%， the effective detection rate of the reference cut-off value was equal to or above 1.485， and the incidence of adverse reactions was equal to or below 85%. When amisulpride concentrations ranged from 1400 to 1800 ng/mL， there was a decreasing trend in reduction rate （all85%） as the concentration of amisulpride increased.ConclusionA reference range of 100~600 ng/mL and an alert level of 1400 ng/mL are recommended for the clinical safety of amisulpride.

In this paper, we use the hourly precipitation data observed by the national ground weather stations in the Qinling region during the warm season (April-October) from 1961 to 2015 to compare the precipitation evolution on both sides of the Qinling Mountains from the perspective of pentad and diurnal features in precipitation. The research shows that the north and south sides of the Qinling Mountains have double-peak precipitation in summer and autumn. The main peak of precipitation appears in autumn on the north side, but in summer on the south side. In terms of the diurnal variation, the amount frequency and intensity on the southern side for summer and autumn seasons are all with the morning peak as the main peak. Only in the summer, the precipitation frequency has a secondary peak in the afternoon, while the diurnal variation of the northern side of the precipitation varies greatly in summer and autumn. The secondary peak is mainly contributed by the precipitation intensity, which is stronger in the afternoon in summer, and stronger in the early morning in autumn. In both north and south regions, precipitation events that last for more than 9 hours (less than 3 hours) get the peak in the early morning (afternoon) in summer and autumn, and the difference between the north and the south is mainly in the precipitation events that last 4-8 hours.

Objective To design an eye model that can simulate the fundus for teaching direct ophthalmoscopy and to evaluate its effectiveness. Methods Using 3D(3-dimensional) printing materials to creat an eye model and then randomly organized 92 eight-year medical students into two groups: group A (model training group) and group B (traditional training group). After training, real patients were invited to test the student for maximum time of 120 seconds for each student. That recorded the ability of the students to clearly see the optic disk and the time spend to determine the cup-to-disk ratio and whether the students were correct. Results Fourty-three students in group A (93.48%) successfully saw the fundus while 21 students in group B(45.65%) saw the fundus. The difference between the two groups was 47.83% and the 95% confidence interval was 29.59%-66.07% (P＜0.001). The median time to see the fundus was 29 seconds in group A; the 95% confidence interval was 23-45 seconds. Based on the lower limit of the 95% confidence interval, it was estimated that at least 80 seconds was required in group B. The P value of the log-rank test was ＜0.001. It proved that the operation in group A is significantly faster than that of group B. Conclusions This 3D-printed eye model significantly improved the students' learning interest, learning efficiency. This method should be shared by other medical institutions to train students in ophthalmoscopy.

With the development of artificial intelligence technology, explosive research on the recognition of retina diseases with artificial intelligence was published worldwide, among which, diabetic retinopathy attracted most attention. However, evaluation of different artificial intelligence software remains a problem. The Department of Ophthalmology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital published the first standard well-annotated color photo database of diabetic retinopathy for artificial intelligence research in China. We herein present the procedures for the establishment of the database and aim to provide reference for the future development of similar databases.

BackgroundThe trend towards increasingly narrow apertures in multipole magnets poses a challenge to many conventional measurement methods. Consequently, these methods' applicability in small aperture multipole magnets is limited. However, the single stretched wire measurement technique has emerged as a promising alternative due to its minimal space requirements within the measurement domain. Therefore, this technique is well-suited for accurately measuring magnetic fields in small aperture magnets.PurposeThis study aims to introduce a novel approach for analyzing the gradient integral and multipole errors of the quadrupole magnet, to address the limitations associated with the current single stretched wire method (SSWM).MethodsFirstly, a magnetic measurement system based on the single stretched wire method was constructed with two boasted key advantages: minimal space occupation within the measurement domain, and flexible motion modes. Then, leveraging these features, measurements of the four poles of a quadrupole magnet by employing a hyperbolic trajectory was acquired, and a new technique for analyzing both the gradient integral and multipole errors associated with the quadrupole magnet was developed. Finally, the feasibility of this SSWM was verified by comparing the results obtained from our system to those derived from the rotating coil method.ResultsMeasurement results of a quadrupole magnet with the inscribed radius of 11 mm and gradient of 100 T⋅m‒1 by SSWM show that the repeatability of three measurements is better than ±1.5×10‒4 which is less than one-third of the maximum value of multipole error of 5×10‒4, so it can meet the measurement requirements.ConclusionsThe methodology outlined in this study for constructing the measurement system and analyzing the resultant data offers a practical and effective solution for the future magnetic field measurements of small aperture magnets.

This paper takes Dahaize Coal Mine as the typical research object, based on data from 238 geological and hydrogeological boreholes and 50 geophysical cross sections, we analyzed the main factors affecting mine water inflow, recognized and determined the factors of water filling in the mining strata, constructed a three-dimensional geological entity model of mine field, used numerical simulation method, large well method and water collecting corridor method to predict and calculate mine water inflow, and comprehensively compared a variety of methods and results.The results show that the geophysical prospecting data can make up for the inadequacy of geological drilling for regional control, use the drilling, geophysical prospecting data to describe the mining geological stratum structure, construct 3D geological solid model of mine field, which includes Quaternary aquifer, Quaternary- Cretaceous aquifer, Cretaceous aquifer, Cretaceous-Anding formation aquifer, Anding formation-Zhiluo formation aquifer, Zhiluo formation aquifer, No.2 coal seam aquifer and 2-3 coal aquifer; through the comparison of the results of groundwater numericalsimulation, large well method and catchment corridor method, the mutual verification of different calculation methods is realized; big well method and the calculation method of water inflow can only make a static water prediction, the numerical simulation method can be used to subdivide the aquifer system structure based on drilling and geophysical data, accurately describe the motion law of the mining area of groundwater in the process of mining, and consider the work progress of coal mining, to implement the dynamic prediction of water inflow, improve the calculation precision of coal mine water inflow.

Aircraft wake are a couple of counter-rotating vortices generated by a flying aircraft, which can pose a serious hazard to follower aircraft. The behavior prediction of it is a key issue for air traffic safety management. To this end, we propose a prediction method based on data assimilation, which can be used to predict the evolution and hazard area of aircraft wake vortex from the vortex-core’s positions and circulation. To construct our wake vortex prediction model, we use linear shear and least square estimation. In addition, we use a data assimilation model based on the unscented Kalman filter to instantly correct the predicted trajectories. Our experimental results show that the proposed method performs well and runs steadily, thus, providing an effective tool for aircraft wake vortex prediction and support for the establishment of dynamic wake separation in air traffic management.

Objective To investigate the current situation of surgical teaching for residents of Chinese ophthalmology. Methods Questionnaires were collected from ophthalmology teaching hospitals and standardized training centers across China. Results A total of 238 ophthalmologists were enrolled, of which 194(81.51%) participated in surgical teaching. Cataract surgery was most frequently taught (51.03%). The median number (interquartile range) of surgical operation that residents were scheduled to observe was 135(450), the number of operations that residents performed at some steps was 30(50), and the number of surgical operation that residents may perform independently was 5(19). The three tasks that teachers considered most difficult were to establish a good Wet Lab program (56.19%), the prevention of complications (51.55%) and the overall work of surgical teaching (50.52%). The response with the highest proportion of “very difficult” was to convince patients about the involvement of residents in the treatment(36.60%). The most difficult step in cataract surgery teaching was nucleus fragmentation. Conclusions Although residents' surgical training is widely carried out in China, many difficulties still exist. The number of the operation that can independently be completed by the residents is relatively low.

【Background】 Sweet sorghum has emerged as a crop with multiple usage ranging from feeding animals to being used for biofuel to sugar production. The large diurnal temperature variation in arid areas in northwest China is suitable for sweet sorghum growth, and its marginal lands including saline-alkali lands and sandy lands have become a main sweet sorghum production base in China. However, there is a lack of understanding about its optimal fertilization and irrigation. 【Objective】 This paper is to fill this gap by experimentally studying how irrigation and fertilization combine to affect growth and yield of sweet sorghum in these regions. 【Method】 The experiment was conducted in a desert oasis on the edge of Hexi corridor. It compared three irrigation amounts: 6 000 m3/hm2 (W1), 7 200 m3/hm2 (W2) and 8 400 m3/hm2 (W3), and three nitrogen fertilizations (N-P2O5-K2O with mass fractions of N, P and K all being 15%): 450 kg/hm2 (F1), 600 kg/hm2 (F2) and 750 kg/hm2 (F3). Overall, there were nine treatments which were arranged randomly in the field. In each treatment, we measured the growth traits and ultimate yield of the sorghum. 【Result】 ①The irrigation amount did not show significant effects on plant height, stem thickness and biological yield, but the fertilization did, with irrigation and fertilization combining to affect plant height and biological yield at significant level. ②W1F3 was optimal in terms of increasing plant height (to 333.1cm), stem thickness (to 22, 63 cm), biological yield (to 29.35 t/hm2) and water productivity (to 3.80 kg/m3), where were 12.16%, 11.29%, 30.82% and 87.19% up, respectively, compared to those in W3F3; its associated yield income, net income and production-to-investment ratio was 26 418.84 Yuan/hm2, 15 850.73 Yuan/hm2 and 2.50% respectively, increasing by 30.84%, 88.17% and 45.35%, compared with that in W3F3. ③Plant height, stem thickness, the number of internodes and leaves, leaf dry mass, stem dry quality, ear dry quality and stalk juice sugar hammer were all positively correlated with biological yield. In addition to juice yield, other traits including the stem thickness, plant height, leaf number and stem quality, were also found to positively affect biological yield. 【Conclusion】 Irrigation of 6 000 m3/hm2 coupled with 750 kg/hm2 of nitrogen fertilization is optimal for growth and ultimate yield of the sweet sorghum in northwestern China.

Objective To report on the pathological characteristics of brain tissue in a case of Parkinson's disease (PD) with cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD). Methods and Results The male patient, 69 years old, was suddenly died. His brain tissue was donated and accepted by the Human Brain Tissue Bank of China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, 9.50 h after sudden death. The patient was diagnosed with PD, and had undergone deep brain stimulation (DBS), but there was no clinical diagnosis of CSVD. We processed the brain tissue according to standardized procedure of international brain banks. Gross observation showed there was significant discoloration in the substantia nigra and locus coeruleus. The DBS pathway was also visible. Microscopic observation showed in addition to advanced stage of PD (Braak stage Ⅴ), pathological changes of DBS could also be seen, as well as CSVD pathological changes such as microvascular smooth muscle cell proliferation, thickening and hardening vessel walls, hyaline degeneration, lumen stenosis, severe perivascular dilatation, white matter microinfarction and microhemorrhage in frontal lobe, temporal lobe, cingulate gyrus, basal ganglia, brainstem and other areas. The final pathological diagnosis was PD (Braak stage Ⅴ) after DBS and CSVD. Conclusions This brain tissue was enrolled into the brain bank for the clinical diagnosis of PD. Pathological examination showed that in addition to the pathological changes of PD and DBS, CSVD was also coexisted. This case suggests that attention should be paid to the multiple comorbidities of neurological diseases of the elderly. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1672⁃6731.2021.04.006

The issued constitutional complaint involved a medical dispute over a chronically demented patient whose son was attempting to end his father's ineffective treatment. The plaintiff claimed the hospital had not obtained his father's consent to use life-supporting equipment to keep him alive, resulting in an injury to his fundamental rights to dignity, life and body integrity, and sought damages from the hospital based on the right of inheritance. According to the German Federal Constitutional the state's duty to protect the life of the people is limited to the autonomy of the people, and once a patient has self-determined his or her own death, medical treatment beyond that will would be liable. However, the rights to dignity, life and the body integrity are highly personal rights that cannot be inherited, and therefore the present claim is not justified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Five kinds of commercially available sour fish sauce were taken as the research object to clarify their quality and flavor characteristics. The physicochemical and nutritional indexes, free amino acids, and volatile components were analyzed. The results showed that the moisture, ash, total acid, amino acid nitrogen, reducing sugar, protein, vitamin C and fat contents in the five kinds of sour fish sauce were significantly different (P<0.05). In total, 17 free amino acids were detected, including 7 essential amino acids and 10 non-essential amino acids. The content of total free amino acids in the samples ranged from 7.954-14.998 mg/g. The total content of free amino acids in sample Z was the highest at 14.998 mg/g. The content of umami glutamic acid was the highest in the L sample, which was 4.689 mg/g, and the taste activity value (TAV) reached 15.63, which was much higher than that of other samples. The electronic nose results showed that the main volatile components of five kinds of sour fish sauce were nitrogen oxides, short-chain alkanes, inorganic sulfur compounds, alcohol ether aldehydes, and organic sulfides. Principal component analysis could differentiate between different sour fish sauces. In this study, 57 volatile components were detected in five kinds of sour fish sauce using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), including 20 esters, 14 alcohols, 14 alkenes, 2 acids, 2 phenols, 3 aldehydes and 2 ketones. Using orthogonal least squares-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) and variable important projection (VIP) selection, eighteen key volatile aroma compounds, including zingalene, ethanol, ethyl cetanoate, ethyl linoleate, limonene, acetic acid, linalool, ethyl myristate, 4-ethyl-2-methoxyphenol, phenethyl alcohol, alpha-curcumene, methyl salicylate, β-sesquiphellandrene, citral, isoamyl alcohol, camphene, β-bisabolene and geraniol, were identified in the five kinds of sour fish sauce. In conclusion, the results provide a basis for the quality evaluation and comprehensive development of sour fish sauce. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]