Search

Objective To explore the association between metabolic score of insulin resistance (METS - IR) and the risk of Cardiometabolic multimorbidity (CMM) in middle - aged and elderly Chinese. Methods A population - based cohort study was conducted using data from the China Longitudinal Study of Health and Aging (CHARLS) among Chinese residents aged 45 years or older from 2011 to 2018. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to calculate Hazard Ratio (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the association between METS - IR and new CMM, and stratified analyses were performed in different populations to observe the interaction between covariates and METS - IR. The dose - response relationship between METS - IR and new CMM in different body weight population was observed with restricted cubic spline. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was constructed to analyze the value of METS - IR in predicting the risk of CMM. Results A total of 5 349 subjects were included in this study, and the incidence of CMM was 2. 08%. After adjusting for all included covariates, METS - IR as a continuous variable was positively correlated with the risk of CMM (HR: 1. 07, 95% CI: 1, 05 - 1. 09, P < 0. 001). As a categorical variable, the highest METS - IR group was still positively associated with the risk of CMM (HR: 3. 47, 95% CI: 2. 06 - 5. 84, P < 0. 001), In total participants (P for overall <0. 001), normal weight (P for overall = 0. 022) and overweight and obese (P for overall = 0. 008) populations still had a linear relationship between MET - IR and CMM risk. METS - IR was predictive of CMM risk (AUC: 0. 651, 95% CI: 0, 598 - 0. 704). Conclusion The study finds that METS - IR is positively associated with an increased risk of new CMM in middle - aged and older adults and should be of continued concern in both normal weight and overweight obese people to reduce the risk of CMM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AIM: To investigate the effects of curcumin on cardiac dysfunction induced by chronic restraint stress in a depression rat model. METHODS: Thirty-two Wistar rats weighing (200±20) g were randomly divided into control, model, low-dose curcumin, and high-dose curcumin groups (n=8 per group). The rats in model and curcumin groups were subjected to chronic restraint stress for 5 h daily at random time, while those in control group were maintained under normal conditions. Following daily stress exposure, the rats in low- and high-dose curcumin groups received 100 and 200 mg/kg curcumin daily, respectively, and those in control and model groups received the same volume of normal saline daily. The above treatments lasted for 28 d. Body weight of the rats was measured weekly. Sucrose preference test was performed on days 14 and 28 of the experiment. Serum corticosterone content was determined to evaluate depression. Histological changes of cardiac tissues were observed using HE and Masson staining. Echocardiography was conducted to examine heart function. The related mRNA and protein levels were detected using RT-qPCR and Western blot, respectively. RESULTS: Compared with control group, the rats in model group exhibited significantly slower weight gain (P< 0. 05), impaired sucrose preference (P<0. 01), and increased corticosterone levels (P<0. 01). HE staining revealed myocardial hypertrophy in model group but not in control group. Masson staining indicated significantly higher cardiac fibrosis in model group than control group (P<0. 01). Immuno-histochemical staining demonstrated a significant increase in positive collagen type I expression (P<0. 01). RT-qPCR results showed significantly elevated mRNA levels of inflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6, and interleukin-1β) and fibrosis factors (α-smooth muscle actin, collagen type I, and collagen type III) in model group compared with control group (P<0. 05 or P<0. 01). Western blot revealed a significant increase in c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) phosphorylation level in model group (P<0. 01). Treatment with low- and high-dose curcumin reversed the above indicators. CONCLUSION: Curcumin treatment attenuated cardiac inflammation and fibrosis in rats subjected to chronic restraint stress, possibly by inhibiting JNK signaling pathway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To investigate the association between Weight Adjusted Waist Index (WWI) and cardiovascular disease among ethnic minority populations in Guizhou Province. Methods Based on the Longitudinal Study of Natural Population in Southwest Minority Aggregated Areas, a baseline survey was conducted among Dong, Miao, and Buyi ethnic groups aged 30 to 79 years in Qiandongnan and Qiannan regions of Guizhou Province from 2018 to 2019. Logistic regression analysis was performed to examine the association between WWI and cardiovascular disease and its subtypes among the ethnic minority population in Guizhou Province. Restricted Cubic Spline (RCS) was employed to explore the dose-response relationship between WWI and cardiovascular disease. Multiplicative and additive models were used to analyze the interaction effects of WWI with alcohol consumption and diabetes on cardiovascular disease. Results A total of 16 993 individuals were included, and the prevalence of cardiovascular disease among the ethnic minority population in Guizhou Province was 3.1%. After adjusting for all covariates, compared to the lowest quartile of WWI (QI), the odds ratios (ORs) for cardiovascular disease in the third quartile (Q3) and the fourth quartile (Q4) of WWI were 1.448 (95%CZ: 1.089-1.924) and 1350 (95%CI: 1,007-1.811), respectively. The RCS showed an approximately S-shaped non-linear dose-response relationship between WWI and cardiovascular disease (P for nonlinear = 0.029). The multiplicative interaction analysis revealed a positive interaction between WWI and alcohol consumption (OR =2.36: 95%CI: 1.22-4.55), while no multiplicative interaction was found between WWI and diabetes (Oi-二0.55, 95%CZ: 0.30-1.00). Conclusion WWI is positively associated with cardiovascular disease among ethnic minority populations in Guizhou Province, and there is a non-linear dose-response relationship. Additionally, there is a multiplicative interaction between WWI and alcohol consumption on cardiovascular disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sphingosine-1-phosphate (SIP) is a highly active membrane phospholipid metabolite with important physiological roles in the cardiovascular system. Sphingosine kinase (SphK) is a lipase that is important for maintaining stable SIP levels in vivo. S1P exerts different physiological effects in cardiovascular diseases by catalytically regulating the binding of SIP to G protein-coupled receptors (SIPR1-5) on the cell surface, thus exerting different physiological effects in cardiovascular diseases. For example, they are involved in regulating the development of diseases such as atherosclerosis, myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury, myocardial infarction, heart failure and other diseases, maintaining the barrier function of vascular endothelial cells, protecting the endothelial glycocalyx layer, leukocyte adhesion, inflammatory reactions and other pathophysiologic processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a common chronic disease. There is homology between retina and kidneys. Diabetic retinopathy and retinal neurovascular injury both reveal common pathophysiological features of ocular retina and kidney. Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) detects chorioretinal microcirculation with near-histological resolution. Changes in microvascular structure and function can promote the development of hypertension, diabetes, CKD and related cardiovascular disease (CVD). The examination of fundus nerve microvessels by OCTA in patients with CKD is helpful to the identification of high-risk groups, and provides a new perspective for the assessment of disease progression and CVD risk prediction of patients with CKD. The combination of the deep learning will further expand this aspect of research and become the forefront of future development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Shipin Kexue/ Food Science is the property of Food Science Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Mycosystema is the property of Mycosystema Editorial Board and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Stress, as an adaptive response of the organism to internal and external environmental stimuli, may have detrimental effects on health when excessively or continuously activated, particularly on contributing the occurrence and progression of cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, this paper comprehensively reviews the relationship between stress and cardiovascular diseases from four aspects： epidemiology, pathophysiological mechanisms, stress-related cardiovascular diseases and advances in the treatment, aiming to provide references for prevention, early diagnosis and effective intervention of cardiovascular diseases in clinical practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AIM: To investigate the effects of skeletal muscle mass on cardiac structure and function in rats subjected to abdominal aortic constriction (AAC), and to explore its potential mechanisms. METHODS: (1) Thirty male SD rats were randomly divided into 3 groups: control (CON) group (n=10), muscular atrophy (MA) group (n=10), and muscular hypertrophy (MH) group (n=10). The rats in MA group underwent bilateral tibial nerve removal to induce MA, while those in MH group engaged in weight-bearing running to promote MH. Four weeks later, skeletal muscle samples were collected, and indicators of MA and MH were assessed. (2) Another rats after modeling above were divided into 4 groups: CON group (n=10), cardiac pathological remodeling group (AAC group; n=10), MA+AAC group (n=10), and MH+AAC group (n=10). All rats, except those in CON group which underwent a sham operation, received AAC surgery. Four weeks after surgery, cardiac structure and function were assessed by echocardiography, while morphological changes of the soleus and gastrocnemius muscles and myocardium were evaluated by pathological staining. Serum myostatin (MSTN) level was measured using ELISA. The mRNA expression levels of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) in the myocardium, and MSTN in the skeletal muscle and myocardium were detected by real-time PCR. RESULTS: After 4 weeks of either denervation or weight-bearing running, significant atrophy and hypertrophy of the gastrocnemius and soleus muscles were observed in MA and MH groups, respectively, compared with CON group. However, no significant differences were noted in heart weight/body weight ratio, left ventricular end-diastolic wall thickness, ejection fraction, or other related indexes among these groups (P>0. 05). In comparison to AAC group, the rats in MA+AAC group showed a significant increase in heart weight/body weight ratio and left ventricular end-diastolic anterior wall thickness, a decrease in end-diastolic internal diameter, an increase in ejection fraction (P<0. 05 or P<0. 01), and exacerbated myocardial fibrosis. Conversely, in MH+AAC group, there was a significant decrease in heart weight/body weight ratio and left ventricular end-diastolic wall thickness, an increase in end-diastolic internal diameter, and a lower ejection fraction (P<0. 05 or P<0. 01), with reduced myocardial fibrosis. Compared with AAC group, myocardial ANP and BNP mRNA expression significantly increased in MA+AAC group and decreased in MH+AAC group (P<0. 01). Additionally, soleus and gastrocnemius muscle MSTN mRNA expression, myocardial MSTN mRNA expression, and serum MSTN level significantly increased in MA+AAC group (P<0. 01) and significantly decreased in MH+AAC group (P< 0.05). CONCLUSION: Atrophic skeletal muscle exacerbated the pathological remodeling induced by AAC surgery, whereas hypertrophic skeletal muscle mitigated this remodeling. Skeletal muscle mass plays a critical role in cardiac pathological remodeling, with MSTN potentially regulating this process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics is the property of Xiangya Medical Periodical Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background Pharmacotherapy is the cornerstone of primary and secondary prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases (ASCVD), but the values and preferences of community patients for pharmacotherapy remain unclear. Objective To understand the values and preferences surrounding pharmacotherapy among community patients at risk of or undergoing treatment for ASCVD, which would help clarify the individualized treatment burden and provide patient-centered clinical practice. Methods This study employed a sequential exploratory mixed-methods design. Firstly, we recruited eligible patients in West China Hospital of Sichuan University and Yulin Community Health Service Center in Wuhou District, Chengdu City from November 2021 to January 2022. for a focus group discussion, aiming to collect qualitative insights into their experience, values, and preferences for medication use. The software MAXQDA 2020 was used to support qualitative data analysis, and Colaizzi's seven-step approach was further used to identify themes. After completing the qualitative phase, a questionnaire was designed based on the emergent themes to further quantitatively analyze the values and preferences regarding pharmacotherapy. Results Four themes emerged from the qualitative data, including knowledge and use of medications, barriers of medication use, facilitators of medication use, and need for medical services. A total of 186 valid questionnaires were collected in the quantitative study (response rate of 93.5%). The quantitative data showed a commonality in missed dose and confirmed the existence of social stigma and treatment burden in this group of participants. Although preferences in medication use were highly heterogeneous, participants generally preferred taking fewer medications with less frequency, and were less likely to use injectable medications. Conclusion The study suggests that it may be appropriate to increase the use of compound preparations, and make treatment plans in accordance with patients' daily lives and work to reduce the treatment burden of pharmacotherapy. In addition, we should be active in managing the misconceptions and improper practices in pharmacotherapy in order to improve patients' medication adherence.

Background Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a major cause of human mortality worldwide, characterized by its insidious onset, intricate and variable course, and poor prognosis. Early identification and active intervention of potentially critically ill patients is essential to improve their prognosis. Objective To conduct a scoping review of the research on early warning assessment tools for cardiovascular disease risk at home and abroad, summarize and analyze their assessment content and application, ultimately providing reference for the selection of appropriate early warning tools for cardiovascular disease patients in China. Methods CNKI, Wanfang Data, VIP, CBM, PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Embase, CINAHL, and Scopus were systematically searched from inception to May 2023. Two investigators independently screened literature and extracted data, analyzed in terms of assessment content, study subjects, validation method, reliability and validity, and predictive efficacy. Results A total of 16 papers were included, comprising 7 papers on the development and validation of assessment tools and 9 papers on the localized application of these tools, involving 20 early warning assessment tools for cardiovascular disease risk. The results of the analysis showed that each assessment tool contained 3 to 17 assessment items, with the most frequently mentioned items of age, systolic blood pressure, respiratory rate, oxygen saturation, heart rate, comorbidities, level of consciousness, and gender. The results of the reliability and validity tests for 2 papers indicated robust reliability and validity, while all other studies lacked reliability and validity evaluations. Ten papers reported the area under the curve (AUC), with values ranging from 0.550 to 0.926 9. Conclusion Diverse early warning assessment tools for cardiovascular disease risk are available, however, their overall quality remains to be improved and there is a lack of specific assessment tools. In the future, it is imperative to conduct further validations of the reliability and validity of the existing tools, and develop localized early warning assessment tools specialized for cardiovascular diseases considering the unique characteristics of the disease, which exhibit robust reliability and validity.

The outbreak of COVID-19 has had a huge impact globally. After the infection, a considerable number of patients have been affected by a series of lingering symptoms or sequelae with strong heterogeneity, which we temporarily refer to as long COVID. Compared to the well-studied cardiovascular complications caused by COVID-19 during the acute phase, the cardiovascular sequelae in long COVID require greater attention. This review includes the clinical manifestations, mechanisms, and principles of diagnosis and management of cardiovascular sequelae in long COVID, aiming to improve the disease's understanding and reduce its harm scientifically.

Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is a highly active membrane phospholipid metabolite with important physiological roles in the cardiovascular system. Sphingosine kinase (SphK) is a lipase that is important for maintaining stable S1P levels in vivo. S1P exerts different physiological effects in cardiovascular diseases by catalytically regulating the binding of S1P to G protein-coupled receptors (S1PR1-5) on the cell surface, thus exerting different physiological effects in cardiovascular diseases.For example, they are involved in regulating the development of diseases such as atherosclerosis, myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury, myocardial infarction, heart failure and other diseases, maintaining the barrier function of vascular endothelial cells, protecting the endothelial glycocalyx layer, leukocyte adhesion, inflammatory reactions and other pathophysiologic processes.

Stress， as an adaptive response of the organism to internal and external environmental stimuli， may have detrimental effects on health when excessively or continuously activated， particularly on contributing the occurrence and progression of cardiovascular diseases. Therefore， this paper comprehensively reviews the relationship between stress and cardiovascular diseases from four aspects： epidemiology， pathophysiological mechanisms， stress-related cardiovascular diseases and advances in the treatment， aiming to provide references for prevention， early diagnosis and effective intervention of cardiovascular diseases in clinical practice. ［Funded by Beijing Natural Science Foundation （number， 2108000050）］

There is an induced or concurrent relationship between cardiovascular disease and psychological illness, which occurred and developed into Psycho-Cardiology. It is necessary to assist the treatment of cardiovascular disease from the perspective of psychology, the resulting is the Psycho-Cardiology. This article briefly summarized the research status at home and abroad about Psycho-Cardiology. Firstly, analyzing the internal mechanism and external influencing factors to establish theoretical mechanism, and determine the high incidence risk index of the Psycho-Cardiology disease. Baseline information, including age, gender, BMI, diet, smoking, alcohol consumption, physical exercise, social status, family history, comorbidity including hypertension. Hematological indicators, including ion concentration, blood cell, inflammatory factor, hormone. Biochemical indicators, including myocardial enzyme spectrum, blood glucose, blood lipid, uric acid, cysteine. Structural and functional indicators, including resting heart rate (RHR) , heart rate variability (HRV) , left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) , left ventricular end diastolic diameter (LVDd) . These factors have a relevance between cardiovascular disease and psychological illness. Then, exploring two diagnosis models of this disease, including a traditional model of multi-axis, multi-grade, and multi-scale diagnosis methods, and a intelligent diagnosis section system based on the risk indexes. From the clinical practice, aiming to help clinicians achieve early psychological screening and accurate diagnosis of Psycho-Cardiology disease patients, and implement effective intervention measures.

Background Cardiovascular disease, mainly atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, is the first cause of death for urban and rural residents in China. Low density lipoprotein cholesterol is the pathogenic risk factor of ASCVD. Objective By establishing a new outpatient model for blood lipid management, to analyze the awareness rate of abnormal blood lipids in patients before and after the establishment of the new model, the proportion of rational drug use, patient compliance, and medication compliance rate. Methods From September 1, 2023 to February 28, 2024, has established a comprehensive outpatient model for managing blood lipid abnormalities based on scientific research projects by integrating medical resources. The model takes the outpatient service of "patients with dyslipidemia" as the carrier, and collaborates with specialized doctors and general practitioners to standardize the management of dyslipidemia patients, optimize the consultation and follow-up process, effectively screen the population with dyslipidemia, diagnose hyperlipidemia patients, and provide correct treatment methods. Results The model of patients with dyslipidemia included in the management of chronic diseases has shifted from a dispersed model to a comprehensive, standardized, and centralized management of lipid management outpatient services, and the number of patients managed has significantly increased compared to before. The proportion of standardized medication for first-time patients in our blood lipid management outpatient department has increased from 25.3% (147/580) to 30.3% (242/798), the proportion of adherence to medication has increased from 32.7% (190/580) to 41.6% (332/798), and the compliance rate of medication has increased from 15.8% (92/580) to 22.5% (180/798) (P

Lipoprotein (a) [Lp (a) ] is significantly related to atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD), but it is unclear whether clinical agents that lower Lp (a) can reduce the risk of ASCVD. Here, we systematically reviewed the structure, function, genetic characteristics and detection status of Lp (a), discussed the relationship of Lp (a) with ASCVD, aortic valve stenosis and other cardiovascular diseases, and summarized new advance of Lp (a) -lowering therapies. The structural composition of Lp (a) indicates that Lp (a) may promote atherosclerosis, inhibit fibrinolytic reaction and promote inflammation. Multiple evidence from genetic studies and epidemiological studies supports that Lp (a) is significantly associated with an increased risk of ASCVD and major adverse cardiovascular events. In addition, Lp (a) is also associated with other cardiovascular diseases such as aortic valve stenosis. At present, several emerging drugs that lower Lp (a) are in clinical trials and may further reduce residual cardiovascular risk. This paper hopes to offer new thought for the study of Lp (a), and provide a basis for the monitoring and management of blood lipids.

Background As the leading cause of death in the world, cardiovascular diseases pose a serious threat to human health. Diet has attracted much attention as an important intervention, but the effect of carbohydrates on cardiovascular disease is unknown. Objective To analyze the evidence of the correlation between carbohydrate intake and cardiovascular disease risk. Methods Wanfang Data, CNKI, VIP, SinoMed, PubMed, Cochrane Library and Embase were searched by computer for randomized controlled trials on the risk of carbohydrates and cardiovascular disease published from inception to January 2023. Two researchers performed literature screening, data extraction, and quality evaluation separately. RevMan 5.3 was used for data analysis. Results A total of 16 randomized trials were included. Carbohydrate could significantly reduce triglyceride level by 0.17 mmol/L (95%CI=-0.24--0.10, P

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is an emerging technology to improve healthcare services. With the joint promotion of government agencies and academic departments around the world, a large number of studies have demonstrated that AI can improve the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of cardiovascular disease. However, there are still some limitations in its development and application, and it has not yet been widely used in clinical practice. Based on this, the American Heart Association (AHA) published the Use of Artificial Intelligence in Improving Outcomes in Heart Disease: a Scientific Statement from the American Heart Association in Circulation on April 2, 2024. This statement reviews the research progress of AI in the diagnosis, classification and treatment of cardiovascular disease, puts forward the existing problems and potential solutions, and builds a framework for the future application of AI in the cardiovascular disease. This article aims to interpret the statement for providing advice and direction for the application and research of AI in cardiovascular disease in China.

Background With the increase of the aging population, age-related health problems have garnered increasing attention. Compared to physiologic diseases with significant clinical symptoms, the mental health issues of the elderly are often overlooked. The underlying depressive states and high incidence of chronic diseases collectively contribute to a decline in quality of life in old age. Moreover, metabolic diseases, more prevalent in the elderly, significantly impact brain health, potentially leading to neurological damage and cognitive decline. Objective This study aims to investigate the relationship between depression, cognitive status, and nutritional and metabolic status among elderly individuals in the community. Methods We selected 3 767 elderly individuals who participated in physical examinations at the Youyi Street Community Health Service Center in Baoshan District, Shanghai. The demographic data on sex, age, BMI and waist-to-hip ratio were collected. The evaluations included the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS), Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA), and Activities of Daily Living Scale (ADL). Metabolic syndrome-related diseases and the 10-year cardiovascular disease risk were assessed using clinical metabolic indicators, and Pearson correlation analysis was used to explore the correlations among these indicators. Results This research showed that significant differences were found in age, MNA, MMSE scores, the proportion of people at high risk of cardiovascular disease and the 10-year cardiovascular disease risk grade among the different groups (P

Background Carotid atherosclerosis (CAS) is often considered an early warning signal for cardiovascular diseases (CVD). The diagnostic technique of carotid artery Doppler ultrasonography has not been included in public health service programs, and the Framingham Risk Score (FRS) lacks accuracy in assessing CAS risk, hindering the identification of CAS by primary healthcare personnel. Currently, there is a lack of research on machine learning methods to identify CAS in the medium-high risk population assessed by FRS. Objective To construct a CAS risk prediction model for the medium-high risk population assessed by FRS using machine learning methods, compare its discriminative efficacy, select the optimal model, and assist primary healthcare personnel in identifying CAS more conveniently and accurately. Methods Using convenience sampling method, a total of 674 local residents from two townships in Liuzhou City, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, who met the inclusion criteria from 2019 to 2021 and 2023, were selected as the study subjects. Relevant information was collected, and biochemical indicators were measured in fasting blood and urine samples. FRS was used to assess the risk of CVD occurrence, and carotid ultrasound was used to diagnose CAS. Among the 517 subjects from 2019 to 2021, a random 8∶2 split was used to create a training set and a validation set. The training set was used to build Logistic regression, Random Forest (RF), Support Vector Machine (SVM), Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost), and Gradient Boosting Decision Tree (GBDT) models, while the validation set was used for internal validation. The 157 subjects from 2023 served as the test set for external validation. Feature variables were selected using Lasso regression analysis, and discriminative efficacy was evaluated using sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, F1 score, and area under curve (AUC) value. External validation assessed the generalization ability of the optimal model using AUC value, and the Shapley Additive exPlanation (SHAP) method explored the important variables influencing the optimal model's identification of CAS. Results Lasso regression analysis identified 15 feature variables: age, BMI, systolic blood pressure (SBP), smoking, drinking, hypertension, total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, C-reactive protein (CRP), fasting plasma glucose, apolipoprotein B (ApoB), lipoprotein a (LPA), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), AST/ alanine aminotransferase, urinary microalbumin creatinine ratio. The constructed Logistic regression, RF, SVM, XGBoost, and GBDT models exhibited high AUC values, with the GBDT model showing the best discriminative performance. Its sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, F1 score, and AUC value were 0.755 1, 0.836 4, 0.798 1, 0.778 9, and 0.834 9, respectively, and the external validation AUC value was 0.794 0. The SHAP method revealed that age, SBP, CRP, LPA, and ApoB were the top five factors influencing the GBDT model's identification of CAS. Conclusion Logistic regression, RF, SVM, XGBoost, and GBDT models for identifying CAS based on machine learning all demonstrated high discriminative performance, with the GBDT model exhibiting the best comprehensive discriminative efficacy and strong generalization ability.

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is currently the most common chronic liver disease worldwide, its close correlation with metabolic disorders has been demonstrated in numerous studies in recent years and an expert panel has proposed renaming it metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD). NAFLD/MAFLD may not only increase the incidence and mortality of liver-related diseases but also relate to the incidence and mortality of cardiovascular diseases. This article compares the diagnostic criteria of NAFLD/MAFLD and reviews the research progress in the correlation of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and metabolic-associated fatty liver disease with cardiovascular diseases. The results show that both NAFLD/MAFLD are significantly associated with the increased incidence of cardiovascular diseases and independent risk factors for cardiovascular diseases. Furthermore, MAFLD patients have a higher risk of developing cardiovascular diseases than NAFLD patients. This article provides clinical physicians with the basis for cardiovascular risk assessment and management in NAFLD/MAFLD patients, emphasizing that in addition to the treatment of liver disease, clinical physicians should also focus on the risk of cardiovascular disease in NAFLD/MAFLD patients.

In 2022, the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) updated its recommendations, reviewing the evidence of the benefits and harms of behavioral counseling interventions aimed at promoting healthy behaviors in adults without cardiovascular disease risk factors. The conclusions of this review align with the 2017 guidelines. Behavioral counseling interventions in adults without cardiovascular disease risk factors result in minimal net benefits. Therefore, it is recommended that clinicians make individualized decisions on whether to provide or recommend behavioral counseling interventions to adults without cardiovascular disease risk factors to promote a healthy diet and physical activity (Grade C). This article provides a comprehensive interpretation of the guidelines in the context of the current status of cardiovascular disease prevention in China, offering valuable insights into cardiovascular disease prevention practices among Chinese adults.

Background With the prevalence of unhealthy lifestyles and the accelerated trend of population aging, the mortality rate of cardiovascular diseases remains high in China. A timely understanding of the current and future trends of cardiovascular disease mortality in China, as well as exploring potential influencing factors and solutions, can provide a reference for formulating cardiovascular disease prevention and control measures. Objective To analyze the trend of cardiovascular disease mortality in China from 2009 to 2021 and predict the future trends from 2022 to 2030. Methods Cardiovascular disease mortality data were selected and analyzed based on gender, urban-rural areas, regions, and age groups from the "China Death Surveillance Data Set (2009-2021) " published by the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention. The Joinpoint regression model was used to calculate the annual percentage change (APC) and average annual percentage change (AAPC) to analyze the changing trends. Additionally, a GM (1, 1) model was established using R (4.3.1) software to predict the crude mortality rate of cardiovascular diseases in China from 2022 to 2030. Results From 2009 to 2021, the crude mortality rate of cardiovascular diseases in China increased from 235.83/100 000 in 2009 to 353.31/100 000 in 2021, with the AAPC of 3.3% (95%CI=2.8% to 3.8%, P

Chronic coronary disease (CCD) refers to chronic heart or vascular disease caused by insufficient blood flow into or out of the heart. The incidence and mortality rates of CCD are high, resulting in significant personal, economic, and societal burdens. In July 2023, the American Heart Association (AHA) and the American College of Cardiology (ACC), along with other academic organizations, jointly released the 2023 AHA/ACC/ACCP/ASPC/NLA/PCNA Guideline for the Management of Patients with Chronic Coronary Disease. This guideline provides a on the evidence-based and patient-centered approach to comprehensive management of patients with CCD. It covers the epidemiology of CCD, patient assessment, diagnosis, risk stratification, treatment, management of special populations, patient follow-up, and related considerations. The guideline emphasizes the importance of a healthy diet, regular physical exercise, and tobacco avoidance for cardiovascular health. It also updates the recommendations for the use of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RA) and provides the latest evidence-based recommendations for clinical practice. This article provides a key interpretation of the management strategies outlined in the guideline, aiming to provide a basis for the development and update of relevant guidelines in China. The goal is to standardize and improve the specialized diagnosis and care for patients with CCD, with the ultimate aim of providing evidence-based guidance for clinical practice and improving the prognosis of patients with CCD.

Previous studies on renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) mainly focus on renin, prorenin and prorenin receptor (PRR), which play an important role in cardiovascular, renal and other diseases. The physiological function of PRR has been widely studied. Soluble prorenin receptor (sPRR) is generated by cleavage of extracellular components of PRR by protease and secreted into extracellular space, therefore the change of sPRR level may reflect the change of RAAS in tissue. However, there are limited clinical researchs on sPRR. In recent years, increasing evidences show that sPRR has important biological functions in various pathophysiological processes. This article summarized the recent advances in sPRR in cardiovascular system, kidney diseases, respiratory diseases, endocrine and metabolic diseases, pregnancy complications and cancers, and considered that sPRR may be a new biomarker of multiple diseases, and has potential therapeutic effects on metabolic diseases.

Background Cardiovascular disease is the primary cause of death and Disease burden of Chinese residents, and the situation of prevention and control is grim. Management of risk factors for cardiovascular disease is an important foundation for preventing cardiovascular disease. However, there is currently limited research on the influencing risk factors of cardiovascular disease risk in elderly patients with chronic disease in primary care using single lead wearable electrocardiogram devices both domestically and internationally, and previous studies have not ranked the importance of variables containing different quantities of risk in patients from a holistic perspective. Objective The aim of this study is to analyze the influencing factors of the comprehensive risk of cardiovascular disease in elderly patients with chronic disease aged 65 and above in primary care in Ningxia, and to provide objective basis and assistance for the comprehensive prevention and control of cardiovascular disease in primary care. Methods From December 2021 to September 2022, totally 3 039 patients over 65 years old with hypertension, diabetes and coronary heart disease, including at least one chronic disease, from 26 primary care health center in Ningxia were selected as the research subjects. According to the analysis of the 72 hour electrocardiogram, there were 632 cases in the normal group and 2 407 cases in the risk group. Analyze the basic information of two groups of patients to determine the best λ Value, draw a model, and use LASSO regression and multivariate Logistic regression to analyze the comprehensive risk factors of cardiovascular disease in elderly patients with chronic diseases; and rank the variables that affect the overall risk of cardiovascular disease and include different numbers of risks among patients. Results The differences in age, gender, BMI, education level, occupation, urban-rural distribution, smoking, exercise, coronary heart disease combined with diabetes, hypertension combined with coronary heart disease and diabetes between the two groups of patients were statistically significant (P

Background Against the backdrop of global aging, the number of patients with chronic diseases is increasing, and the multimorbidity is becoming more severe. Traditionally, cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes are mostly considered diseases of the elderly. However, with changes in lifestyle patterns such as the pace of life and diet, many diseases are showing a trend of rejuvenation. Recent studies have also shown that individuals who develop diabetes at a young age have an increased relative risk of developing cardiovascular diseases and higher mortality rates compared to the general population. Objective To investigate the burden of cardiovascular diseases attributed to diabetes among Chinese adults from 1990 to 2019, so as to provide evidence for comorbidity prevention. Methods Based on the 2019 Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study data, indicators such as mortality rates, disability-adjusted life years (DALY) rates, and estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) were used to assess the burden of cardiovascular diseases in China (including ischemic heart disease, stroke, and peripheral arterial disease) attributed to diabetes. The analysis was stratified by age group (25-49 years, 50-69 years, ≥70 years) and gender, and the temporal trends in disease burden were finally analyzed. Results The number of cardiovascular disease deaths attributable to diabetes increased from 298 050 in 1990 to 700 340 in 2019 among people aged 25 years and older in China. The age-standardized mortality rate for CVD attributed to diabetes increased for males compared to 1990, while it decreased for females, with males consistently having higher rates than females. In 2019, the DALY for CVD attributed to diabetes was 13 585 850 person-years. The age-specific mortality rate and DALY rate increased with age. The downward trend in standardized DALY rate was more pronounced in females (EAPC=-0.32%, 95%CI=-0.49% to -0.11%) than in males (EAPC=-0.01%, 95%CI=-0.26% to 0.29%). The mortality and DALY rates for ischemic heart disease and peripheral arterial disease attributed to diabetes increased in the three age groups from 1990 to 2019, while the mortality rates for stroke attributed to diabetes declined in all three age groups in 2019 compared to 1990. The percentage of standardized DALY rates attributable to diabetes for the 3 cardiovascular diseases in cardiovascular disease fluctuated from 1990 to 2019. However, the percentage of standardized DALY rates for all 3 cardiovascular diseases attributable to diabetes was higher in 2019 than in 1990. Conclusion From 1990 to 2019, there has been an overall increasing trend in the mortality and DALY rates of cardiovascular diseases attributed to diabetes among adults in China. Population is at greater risk for comorbidities of diabetes and CVD, emphasizing the need to focus on screening for CVD among individuals with diabetes or those at high risk of developing CVD. Emphasis should be placed on males, the elderly, and younger individuals with unhealthy lifestyle habits for early health interventions to reduce the burden of comorbidities.

Background The challenge of aging is becoming increasingly severe in China. Understanding the trends in chronic disease prevalence and comorbidity spectrum among the elderly is crucial for primary healthcare. Objective To analyze the prevalence and comorbidity patterns of chronic diseases among the elderly in China based on data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) . Methods Participants aged ≥60 years from the 2011 (Wave 1) and 2015 (Wave 3) CHARLS dataset were selected. Their physical examination data and self-reported disease conditions, as well as the questionnaire data were extracted for descriptive statistical analysis of chronic disease and comorbidity prevalence, comparing changes over time. Latent class analysis (LCA) was employed to identify common clusters of comorbidities in the elderly and to assess their impact on daily living activities (evaluated using the Activities of Daily Living Scale, ADL) . Results A total of 7 290 individuals in 2011 and 9 845 in 2015, all aged≥60 years, were included in the study. The prevalence of chronic disease comorbidity increased from 85.96% in 2011 to 92.24% in 2015, indicating a significant rise (χ2=109.65, P

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. In April 2022, the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) updated and published recommendations on aspirin use to prevent CVD based on the latest evidence-based research results. The USPSTF recommends against initiating low-dose aspirin use for the primary prevention of CVD in adults aged 60 years and above. The decision to initiate low-dose aspirin use for the primary prevention of CVD in adults aged 40 to 59 years who have a 10% or greater 10-year CVD risk should be an individual one based on shared decision-making between clinicians and patients about the potential benefits and harms. This paper aims to interpret the latest recommendations in the context of China's actual situation, providing a reference on aspirin use to prevent CVD in China.

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death. It is well known that statins can reduce the risk of CVD and CVD-related death through lipid-lowering, anti-inflammatory, and plaque-stabilizing effects. In August 2022, the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) conducted an updated recommendations statement on statins for primary prevention of CVD based on new evidence on the benefits and potential harms of statins in reducing CVD morbidity/mortality and all-cause mortality. The USPSTF recommends statins for the primary prevention of CVD for adults aged 40 to 75 years with 1 or more CVD risk factors and an estimated 10-year CVD risk of 10% or greater (B recommendation). The USPSTF recommends that clinicians selectively offer statins for the primary prevention of CVD in adults aged 40 to 75 years who have 1 or more of CVD risk factors and an estimated 10-year CVD risk of 7.5% to less than 10% (C recommendation). The USPSTF concludes that the current evidence is insufficient to assess the balance of benefits and harms of using statins for primary prevention of CVD events and mortality in adults aged 76 years and above (I statement). This article interprets the latest recommendations in the context of China to provide reference for the use of statins for the primary prevention of CVD in China.

romodomain-containing protein 4 (BRD4), a pivotal member of the bromodomain and extra-terminal domain (BET) family, is integral to the regulation of vital biological processes, including the cell cycle and gene expression. Studies have identified extensive expression of BRD4 in cardiomyocytes and its influence on various signaling pathways. The dysregulation of BRD4 leads to significant alterations in these pathways, culminating in pathological states such as myocardial inflammation, fibrosis, oxidative stress, and hypertrophy. These changes are instrumental in the onset and progression of cardiovascular diseases. This review summarizes the advances in research on BRD4 and its inhibitors in the context of cardiovascular diseases, with a focus on providing insights for precise therapeutic interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To investigate the sole effect of biorhythm disturbances and its combined effect with a history of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) on postpartum cardiovascular metabolic indicators. Methods This was a cohort study based on the Ma′anshan birth cohort (MABC), a birth cohort established at Ma′anshan Maternal and Child Health Care Center from May 2013 to September 2014, where a 75 g oral glucose tolerance test was performed at 24--28 weeks of gestation to diagnose GDM. A total of 120 women and 240 women with and without a history of GDM were selected using the random number table method in a ratio of 1∶2. The participants were followed up from July 2021 to August 2022, and 307 study participants were eventually included in this study, including 99 women with a history of GDM and 208 women without a history of GDM. At the time of follow-up, basic information about the women was collected, including age, body mass index (BMI), education, job nature, marital status, gross after-tax income, alcohol consumption, smoking status, adverse pregnancy and childbirth history, gestational hypertension history, family history of diabetes, family history of cardiovascular disease, etc. Fasting blood samples were collected for measurement of the following biochemical indices: fasting plasma glucose (FPG), glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), uric acid and creatinine. The Neuropsychiatric Assessment of Biorhythms Interview Questionnaire was used to assess the biorhythms of the study participants and scores were calculated using the median biorhythm score as the cut-off value, with less than the median indicating low level of biorhythm disturbance, and vice versa for high levels of biorhythm disturbance. Linear regression was used to analyze the associations between biorhythm disturbances and cardiovascular metabolic markers and their combined effect with a history of GDM on cardiovascular metabolic markers, Linear model was used to analyze the summation interaction of GDM history and biorhythms on metabolic indexes in the postpartum period, and P values were corrected for multiple tests using the Benjaminiand Hochberg method to control for the false discovery rate (FDR) and were considered to be statistically significant if the adjusted PFDR value<0.05. Results Linear regression results showed that after adjusting for age, BMI, education, job nature, marital status, gross after-tax income, alcohol consumption, smoking status, adverse pregnancy and childbirth history, GDM, gestational hypertension, family history of diabetes, family history of cardiovascular disease, the degree of biorhythm disturbances was positively associated with the level of glycated haemoglobin (β =0.08, 95%CI 0.02-0.14, P=0.01), however, the FDR correction was not statistically significant (PFDR=0.13); compared with women with no history of GDM and a low degree of biorhythm disturbances, women with a prior GDM history and a high degree of biorhythm disturbances had a higher level of FPG (β= 0.91, 95%CI 0.50-1.31, PFDR=0.001) and a higher level of HbA1c (β =5.26, 95%CI 2.70-7.83, PFDR= 0.001). Interaction analysis showed that history of GDM and biorhythm disturbances had additive interaction on FPG (PInteraction=0.03), and HbA1c (PInteraction=0.03). Conclusion Our study showed that women with a history of GDM and a high degree of biorhythm disturbance had significantly higher levels of FPG and HbA1c, highlighting the importance of maintaining a healthy biorhythm in women with a prior GDM history. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective The 25 (0H)D deficiency is a prevalent issue among patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). The aim of our study is to investigate whether low levels of 25 (0H)D are associated with increased all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in patients with CKD. Methods This retrospective cohort study utilized the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) and the National Death Index (NDI) 2007一2018 database to investigate the association between 25 (OH)D levels and all-cause mortality as well as cardiovascular mortality. A total of 2 668 eligible subjects were included in this study, with follow-up conducted until December 31, 2019. Cox proportional hazards regression, restricted cubic spline, Kaplan-Meier survival curves, and competing risk survival analysis were performed to evaluate the associations. Furthermore, subgroup and sensitivity analyses were performed. Results During a median follow-up of 6 years in a weighted population of 11 715 452 eligible participants, there were 665 deaths from any cause, including 196 cardiovascular-related deaths. After adjusting for covariates, lower levels of 25 (OH)D were significantly associated with increased risks for both all-cause (HR= 0.85, 95%CI: 0.77-0.94) and cardiovascular mortality (SHFi =0.80, 95%CZ: 0.67-0.94). Consistent results were also observed when analyzing 25 (OH)D as a categorical variable (quartile) (both P<0.05). Weighted restricted cubic splines revealed an inverse J-shaped association between levels of 25 (OH) D and all-cause mortality 化罰上 0.05). Subgroup analysis (/011>0.05) and sensitivity analysis 95%CI: 0.77-0.93) yielded similar findings. Conclusion Lower 25 (OH)D levels, both as a continuous and categorical variable, are significantly associated with an increased risk of all-cause mortality and cardiovascular disease-related mortality. The 25(0 H)D has a negative j-shaped association with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cardiovascular diseases are still one of the diseases that lead to high mortality. Currently, drugs for preventing and treating cardiovascular diseases can significantly improve symptoms, but there are still shortcomings in reducing mortality rates. Therefore, new drugs that can improve symptoms and reduce mortality are needed. As a kind of hydroxylase inhibitor, roxadustat can effectively improve the symptoms of hypoxia by regulating the expression of hypoxia inducible factor (HIF). HIF is involved in almost all developmental, pathological or physiological processes in the body, including erythropoietin production, iron uptake, and metablism, cellular differentiation, energy metablism, inflammation and immune regulation. At present, the drug has a good prospect in the treatment of renal anemia, but it is rarely used in cardiovascular diseases. In this paper, the effects of roxadustat on cardiovascular diseases were systematically and comprehensively discussed, and some help was provided for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of China Condiment is the property of China Condiment and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Clinical Healthcare is the property of Chinese Journal of Clinical Healthcare and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background With the change of lifestyle, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) is showing a younger trend as an important component of ASCVD. Snoring as a common health problem related to sleep breathing, which is a characteristic indicator of obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) . However, there are few studies on the correlation between snoring and ASCVD, and it is still necessary to identify this factor to provide scientific basis for early intervention. Objective To investigate the correlation between snoring frequency and 10-year risk of ASCVD in middle-aged and elderly population. Methods From 2018 to 2021, a multi-stage stratified cluster sampling method was adopted to investigate the permanent residents aged 35-75 in Jing'an District. General information of the subjects was collected through questionnaire survey, and laboratory tests were used to collect total cholesterol (TC) , triacylglycerol (TG) , low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) , and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) . Snoring frequency: snoring 1-2 times per week was considered as mild snoring, snoring 3-4 times per week was considered as moderate snoring, and snoring 5-7 times per week was considered as severe snoring; the 10-year risk of ASCVD 0.05) . Further analysis of the relationship between snoring and ASCVD risk factors showed that severe snoring was a risk factor for hypertriglyceridemia, hypercholesterolemia, hyper-low-density lipoproteinemia and hypo-high-density lipoproteinemia, and moderate snoring was a risk factor for hyper-low-density lipoproteinemia and hypo-high-density lipoproteinemia compared with no snoring (P

According to the latest statistics released by the World Health Organization, cardiovascular disease ranks as the leading cause of death worldwide. The number of deaths caused by cardiovascular disease exceeds that of any other diseases, that needs to be tackled by global public health. At the same time, according to statistics released by the World Health Organization in 2022, the prevalence of mental illness in China is as high as 17%. In the past 20 years, the incidence of depression in the Chinese population has increased 120 times. The correlation between cardiovascular disease and mental illness has been found to be significant with an underlying mechanism. This article aims to elucidate advances in the correlation between cardiovascular disease and mental illness, as well as their underlying mechanisms, showing that anxiety and depression are important drivers of cardiovascular disease by causing damage to the heart through the autonomic nervous system and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, while ischemic cardiomyopathy and myocardial infarction can induce adverse mood and cognitive impairment by mediating ischemic damage and inflammatory responses in the brain. This article can provide additional preventive ideas for patients at high risk of cardiovascular disease, as well as for the diagnosis and treatment of patients with mental illness, and provide a reference for the psycho-cardiology interdiscipline.

The neurological complications following cardiovascular surgery can significantly affect the prognosis of patients. As a convenient and non⁃invasive intraoperative neurological monitoring method, transcranial Doppler ultrasonography (TCD) can provide real⁃time assessment of cerebral hemodynamics and microemboli signals, guide the development of neuroprotective strategies, and reduce the brain injury events. This review systematically summarizes the basic methods and technical performance of TCD monitoring, its clinical application in cardiovascular surgery, as well as the main limitations and future trends of this technology, in order to improve perioperative safety.

Atherosclerosis, a chronic inflammatory disease of the arterial wall, serves as the pathophysiological basis for ischemic stroke and coronary heart disease, and stands as the primary cause of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular comorbidity. Both the heart and brain share similar risk factors, including hypertension, hyperlipidemia and diabetes, and so on. Furthermore, most patients with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular comorbidity experience more severe disease and poorer prognosis. This article comprehensively reviews research progress in the pathophysiology of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular comorbidity, their related risk factors, and proposes the strategies of "synchronous treatment for brain and heart" to offer new insights for the prevention and management of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular comorbidity.

In recent years, both morbidity and mortality of chronic kidney disease （CKD） have been rising rapidly and cardiovascular disease （CVD） is one of major causes. Traditional cardiovascular risk factors cannot fully explain this phenomenon. Therefore such CKD-specific risk factors as uremic toxins （UTs） have emerged as crucial players. This review focused upon typical protein-binding toxin of indoxyl sulfate （IS）. It described the mechanisms of effects in the occurrence and development of CKD and depicted an association with IS and CKD-related CVD by four aspects of atherosclerosis, arteriosclerosis, congestive heart failure and arrhythmias. Also effective therapeutic measures of reducing serum level of IS were introduced, including restriction of protein intake, modulation of intestinal flora, using oral intestinal adsorbents and innovative dialysis approaches of enhancing IS clearance. And albumin-binding competitors appear to be an effective removal of protein-binding UTs. In the future, more modes of IS clearance shall be discovered and verified whether or not they can slow the progression of CKD and lower the incidence of CKD-related cardiovascular disease in CKD.

Background Cardiovascular disease is a major chronic disease that seriously endangers human health, and remains a public health problem to be solved in China and even globally. Objective To explore the epidemic characteristics and disease burden of cardiovascular diseases in China from 1990 to 2019, forecast the incidence of cardiovascular diseases in China from 2020 to 2050, and provide a reference for the formulation of relevant prevention and treatment strategies of cardiovascular diseases. Methods The 2019 Global Burden of Disease Study (GBD 2019) database was searched to extract and analyze relevant data on cardiovascular disease burden and risk factors in China and globally from 1990 to 2019. The prevalence of cardiovascular diseases was quantified by using the publicly available incidence, prevalence, mortality, and corresponding age-standardized rate (referred to as standardized rate) based on GBD 2019 database, and the burden of diseases was quantified by years lived with disability (YLD), years of life lost (YLL) and disability adjusted life year (DALY), and the ARIMA model was constructed to predict the incidence of cardiovascular diseases in China from 2020 to 2050. Results Compared with 1990, the incidence, prevalence and mortality of cardiovascular diseases in China showed an increasing trend by year up to 2019, in which the incidence, prevalence and mortality increased by 93.75%, 99.75% and 57.39%, respectively. The standardized incidence and prevalence of females were higher than those of males, while the standardized mortality was lower than that of males (P

Background Middle-aged and elderly ischemic stroke patients suffer from multiple co-morbid chronic diseases, and this co-morbidity status has a great impact on the patients' healthy living standard. Currently, there are few studies on the current status of ischemic stroke co-morbidities and the analysis of co-morbidity patterns. Objective To understand the current status of ischemic stroke co-morbidities in middle-aged and elderly people in Henan Province, and explore the association between ischemic stroke co-morbidities, so as to provide a reference basis for the management of ischemic stroke co-morbidities, as well as the preventive and control measures. Methods Ischemic stroke patients over 45 years of age attending Henan Provincial People's Hospital from January 2021 to December 2022 were selected for the study, with their chronic disease prevalence counted, the status of ischemic stroke co-morbidities was compared by different demographic characteristics, and the co-morbidity patterns of ischemic stroke in the middle-aged and elderly population were investigated using cluster analysis. Results A total of 1 685 middle-aged and elderly ischemic stroke patients were enrolled in this study, of whom 90.0% (1 516/1 685) had at least 1 co-morbid chronic disease; 13.6% (230/1 685) had 2 co-morbid chronic diseases, 26.9% (454/1 685) had 3 co-morbid chronic diseases, and 49.4% (832/1 685) had 4 or more co-morbid chronic diseases. The chronic diseases with high prevalence were hypertension in 1 047 cases (62.1%) and dyslipidemia in 755 cases (44.8%). Among ischemic stroke patients, the prevalence of co-morbidities was higher in females compared with males (χ2=14.516, P

Objective To explore the relationship between baseline serum triglyceride-glucose （TyG） index and primary cardiovascular event （CVE） in nondiabetic peritoneal dialysis （PD） patients. Methods From January 2014 to June 2020, 119 nondiabetic patients undergoing PD catheterization with regular postoperative dialysis and follow-ups were enrolled. According to the median baseline TyG index, they were assigned into two groups of low TyG （TyG＜8.47） and high TyG （TyG≥8.47）. During a median follow-up period of 36（5-95） months, primary CVE was recorded. Results Female （37 vs 21）, body mass index （BMI） [（22.54 ± 3.50） kg/m2 vs （21.29 ± 3.04） kg/m2], albumin [（35.7 ± 5.8） g/L vs （33.0 ± 5.8） g/L], triacylglycerol [1.55（1.32, 1.98） mmol/L vs 0.90（0.73, 1.03） mmol/L] and fasting plasma glucose [4.97（4.58, 5.47） mmol/L vs 4.49（4.19, 4.95） mmol/L] were significantly higher in high TyG group than those in low TyG group （all P＜0.05）. Spearman’s correlation analysis indicated that TyG index was correlated positively with BMI and albumin （all P＜0.05）. And 13 patients （22.03%） in low TyG group and 27 （45%） in high TyG group developed primary CVE during follow-ups. Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed that high TyG group had a significantly higher incidence of primary CVE than low TyG group （χ2 = 4.858, P = 0.028）. Multivariate Cox regression analysis indicated that TyG≥8.47 （HR = 2.418, 95%CI：1.105-5.294, P = 0.027） was an independent risk factor for an initial occurrence of primary CVE while total cholesterol （HR = 1.686, 95%CI：1.133-2.509, P = 0.010） an independent influencing factor for the occurrence of primary CVE. Conclusions High baseline TyG index （TyG≥8.47） is an independent risk factor for the occurrence of primary CVE. Early intervention may lower the risk of developing a primary CVE in PD patients with a high baseline TyG index.

Cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases are one of the most common cause of death in the world, atherosclerosis is the main pathologic change, and often involving cardiovascular and cerebrovascular concurrently. No consensus has been reached on whether carotid endarterectomy (CEA) combined with coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) should be performed at concurrent operation or staged operation (CEA after CABG or CABG after CEA) in patients with ischemic cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. However, with the deepening of research on cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, the improvement of surgical techniques and development of intravascular intervention techniques, it provides theoretical basis and technical support for simultaneous surgical intervention.

The concomitant of brain and heart diseases has progressively garnered the attention of neurosurgeons and cardiovascular surgeons, who have initiated synchronous surgical treatment for brain and heart. The concept of "pan⁃vascular medicine" advocates a research model and development philosophy that fosters interdisciplinary collaboration and integration. The principles of "pan⁃vascular medicine" serve as a crucial guiding force for the synchronous surgical treatment for brain and heart, while the latter enhances the completeness and depth of the former's theoretical framework. Presently, we persist in designing specific surgical interventions based on atherosclerosis diseases. In the future, synchronous surgical treatment for brain and heart will transcend the conventional boundaries of concurrent carotid and coronary artery surgery, and evolve towards a development axis centered on vascular reconstruction. This will thereby expand the scope of the "pan⁃vascular medicine" concept from a surgical standpoint.

Cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases are homologous diseases and can be comorbidities. Atherosclerosis is the pathological basis of the comorbidities of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. In recent years, with the improvement of surgical technique and the progress of drug intervention, the synchronous surgical treatment for brain and heart of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases can improve clinical outcome. This article reviews the synchronous surgical treatment for brain and heart of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, in order to provide theoretical basis and clinical guidance for the cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.

Chronic inflammation is the pathological basis for the development of cardiovascular diseases. Immune cells dominated by T cells can secrete pro-inflammatory factors to mediate inflammation and affect the progress of cardiovascular diseases. The co-stimulatory signals is the second signal of T cell activation, which can enhance or inhibit the signal transmission of T cell antigen receptor (TCR) by Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) and C-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNK), which play an important role in cardiovascular disease by regulating T cell immune function, the release of inflammatory cytokines, and the production of extracellular matrix. This article describes the transmission mechanism of costimulatory signals and their correlation with cardiovascular diseases, in order to provide new ideas for immunotherapy of cardiovascular diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]