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The reprogramming of lipid metabolism is a significant factor influencing various aspects of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, including its occurrence, development, metastasis, and resistance to radio-chemotherapy. There is a considerable elevation in the expression levels of enzymes and genes related to lipid metabolism in tumor tissues compared to normal tissues. This up-regulation is associated with both treatment resistance and a poor prognosis. This review focuses mainly on alterations in lipid metabolism in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. It systematically explores the atypical expression and clinical significance of lipid metabolism-related enzymes, evaluates their influence on treatment resistance, elucidates the underlying mechanisms of this resistance, and discusses current and potential targeted therapeutic approaches. The comprehensive analysis comprises four pivotal aspects: de novo lipogenesis, fatty acid oxidation, glycerophospholipids metabolism, and mevalonate and cholesterol synthesis pathways. Feasible strategies, such as the adjustment of dietary structure, the administration of multi-target drugs, and the utilization of combination treatment therapies, are deliberated as potential interventions to modulate lipid metabolism, reverse treatment resistance, and enhance the efficacy of anti-cancer treatments.

Copyright of Journal of South-Central Minzu University (Natural Science Edition) is the property of Journal of South-Central Minzu University (Natural Science Edition) Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

BACKGROUND: Metal elements play an important role in the human body. In recent years, the application of metal elements in biomaterials has attracted attention, and its functions and effects are being rapidly explored and broadened. Compared with the metal elements that have been studied more in recent years, such as magnesium and zinc, manganese is a rising star in the field of biomaterials research. OBJECTIVE: To summarize and review application status and existing problems of manganese in biomaterials. METHODS: The first author searched CNKI, Wanfang, ScienceDirect, and PubMed databases by computer to retrieve all relevant articles published from February 2010 to February 2021. The Chinese search terms were “manganese, biomaterials, biomedical metallic materials, ceramic biomaterial, nanomaterial, biopolymer material, bone tissue engineering, drug delivery, cancer therapy”, and the English search terms were “manganese, biomaterials, alloy, degradable metals, corrosion, biomedical metallic materials, ceramic biomaterial, nanomaterial, biopolymer material, bone tissue engineering, drug delivery, cancer therapy”. Finally, 72 included articles were summarized. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) The current research found that the introduction of manganese into biomaterials can significantly improve the mechanical properties and corrosion resistance of biomaterials, and effectively improve the biocompatibility, bone formation and antibacterial properties of biomaterials, indicating that the incorporation of manganese ions as functional ions into biological materials has good research value. (2) The current research on manganese ions in biomaterials mainly focuses on in vivo and in vitro experiments. The existing studies have shown that combining manganese ions with collagenhydroxyapatite scaffolds can promote osteogenesis of bone marrow mesenchyme stem cells in vitro and regeneration of new bone in mouse skull defects, and further enhance the osteoinductivity. (3) In view of the excellent properties of manganese, it can have broad application prospects in medical metal materials, bone tissue engineering materials, drug delivery, and tumor treatment. It is expected to provide a new direction for the basic and clinical applications of manganese-related biomaterials in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Practical Oncology Journal is the property of Journal of Practical Oncology Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a kind of stem cells with high self-renewal ability and multi-directional differentiation potential. They can differentiate into a variety of different cells. Studies have shown that mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes (MSC-EXO) are the main components of tumor microenvironment and play an important role in the occurrence and development of malignant tumors. Exosomes are a kind of extracellular vesicles secreted by eukaryotic cells; they can transmit bioactive molecules such as lipids, nucleic acids and proteins between cells, and they widely participate in the exchange of information between cells. This article reviews the role of mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes in malignant tumors and their application prospect.

Since the discovery of the unique physical, chemical and biological characteristics of ultrathin twodimensional (2D) nanomaterials, related research has grown exponentially in the fields of material science and biomedicine. Graphene, as the typical example, develops rapidly in the field of tumor therapy because of good water solubility and large surface area. Black phosphorus is regarded as a new super material because of its excellent photoelectric properties and larger surface area. In this review, we summarize the state-ofart progress on the ultrathin 2D nanomaterials as well as combining with ultrasound-related biomedical technology for cancer therapy and diagnosis.

Chondroitin sulfate is a sulfated glycosaminoglycan. The content, structure and sulfur acidification site of Chondroitin sulfate in malignant tumor are significantly differ from those in normal tissue. It plays important roles in the migration, invasion, and angiogenesis of cancer and has great potential in the clinical cancer research. In this paper, the biosynthesis of chondroitin sulfate was inductive analysis. Progress of clinical studies and molecular mechanism of tumor invasion and metastasis regulated by chondroitin sulfate in recent years was reviewed to provide a theoretical basis for developing the potential clinical value of chondroitin sulfate and the tumor treatment targets as well as to provide an idea for early diagnosis and prognosis of malignant tumors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Practical Oncology Journal is the property of Journal of Practical Oncology Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Fusobacterium nucleatum ( Fn ) is an oral anaerobic bacterium that has recently been found to colonize on the surface of colorectal cancer cells in humans, and its degree of enrichment is highly negatively correlated with the prognosis of tumor treatment. Numerous studies have shown that Fn is involved in the occurrence and development of colorectal cancer (CRC), and Fn interacts with multiple components in the tumor microenvironment to increase tumor resistance. In recent years, researchers have begun using nanomedicine to inhibit Fn 's proliferation at the tumor site or directly target Fn to treat CRC. This review summarizes the mechanism of Fn in promoting CRC and the latest research progress on Fn -related CRC therapy using different nanomaterials. Finally, the applications perspective of nanomaterials in Fn -promoted CRC therapy was prospected.

Statins, widely prescriebed to lower blood cholesterol concertration, have diverse medication classes and pleiotropic effects. In recent years, in vitro and animal studies have shown that satins can prevent cancer growth, promote apoptosis, enhance the effect of radiotherapy and chemotherapy. With the development of studies in vitro and animal, more and more clinical studies have shown that use of statins may be associated with a lower risk of cancer, preventing cancer growth and interacting synergistically with radiochemotherapy. The mechanismof antineoplastic effects of stains and their clinical studies on different tumor types of digestive system are summarized in this review. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

WEE1 kinase is a kind of cell cycle regulatory proteins. It can control the phosphorylation status of CDK1 so as to regulate the activity of CDK1 and Cyclin B complex to realize the regulation of cell cycle. WEE1 kinase plays an important role for DNA damage checkpoint. WEE1 kinase is important to the G2 /Mphase and is overexpression in some cancer. Inhibition or downregulation of WEE1 kinase could trigger the mitotic catastrophe". Therefore, WEE1 kinase inhibitors may have a key role in anticancer therapy. In the process of the treatment of cancer, the combination of WEE1 inhibitors with DNA damage agents can be more effective than those of monotherapy, and in the loss of p53 cancer cells can play a better effect. At present, it has become one of the key targets for many cancer therapy, its inhibitor MK-1775 has been in clinical research stage, and it can enhance the killing ability of some DNA damaging agents against the loss of p53 cancer cells. This paper reviewed progress in WEE1 kinase and its inhibitor for anticancer therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Glycosphingolipids (GSLs) are widely distributed in the phospholipid bilayer of various cell membranes, which play an important role in maintaining cell membrane stability, and regulate various cellular processes including adhesion, proliferation, apoptosis and recognition, as well as participate in various cellular activities. In addition, GSLs are not only involved in the process of apoptosis, but also regulate multiple signals in tumorigenesis and tumor development. The tumor-associated GSLs are expected to be used as diagnostic markers and immunotherapeutic targets for malignant tumors. These findings have important implications for the study of apoptosis and provide the new direction of tumor therapy. This review summarized the latest research progress of GSLs-mediated apoptosis and its effect on the genesis, development and metastasis of tumor cells. Moreover, we discussed the metabolic pathway of GSLs-mediated apoptosis and its application in tumor therapy, as well as the development prospect of targeted therapy strategies based on GSLs.

At present, heavy ion is an ideal radiation for cancer treatment, and carbon ion is used in the treatment of many kinds of cancer due to its higher relative biological effect value. In 2019, Wuwei heavy ion center built the first medical heavy ion accelerator-carbon ion radiotherapy system in China, and obtained the registration license from the National Medical Products Administration, and officially received cancer patients in March 2020. This study introduced the development and application of the first carbon ion radiotherapy system in China.

Nrf2 is the key transcription factor mainly for regulating oxidative homeostasis and cytoprotective responses against oxidative stress. Nrf2/Keap1 pathway is one of the most important cellular defense mechanisms against endogenous or exogenous oxidative stress. With its activation, a wide range of stress-related genes is transactivated to restore the cellular homeostasis. Recent studies revealed that the aberrant activation of Nrf2 is related to the malignant progression, chemotherapeutic drug resistance and poor prognosis. Nrf2 plays a crucial role in cancer malignancy and chemotherapeutic resistance by controlling the intracellular redox homeostasis through the activation of cytoprotective antioxidant genes. Nrf2 inhibitor containing many natural products has been deemed as a novel therapeutic strategy for human malignancies. This article reviews the progress of studies of the Nrf2/Keap1 pathway, and its biological impact in solid malignancies and molecular mechanisms for causing Nrf2 hyperactivation in cancer cells. In conclusion, we summarized the deve-lopment of Nrf2 inhibitors in recent years, in the expectation of providing reference for further drug development and clinical studies.

Flash radiotherapy is a kind of radiotherapy method using ultra-high dose rate radiation. Compared with the traditional dose rate radiotherapy, it has unique radiobiological advantages. In this paper, the principle of flash radiotherapy, the process and results of biological experiments are summarized. At the same time, the advantages and challenges of flash radiotherapy are analyzed, and the future clinical application is prospected.

To explore potent anticancer agent based on artemisinin scaffold, a series of 10- O -phenyl ethers derivatives containing dihydropyrazolyl or pyrazolyl moiety have been designed and synthesized. Their structures were determined by LC-MS and ¹H-NMR date. Inhibitory effects of the target compounds in human breast cancer MCF-7, MCF/Adr, MDA-MB-231 cells and prostate cell line PC-3 were determined by MTT assay. Those derivatives displayed good antiproliferative activity against the tested cancer cells. Particularly, target compounds exhibited significant cytotoxicity against drug-resistance cells MCF/Adr, which was worthy for further investigation., Competing Interests: The authors of this article and the planning committee members and staff have no relevant financial relationships with commercial interests to disclose., (Copyright© by the Chinese Pharmaceutical Association.)