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Objective To explore the clinical characteristics of acute attacks of bronchial asthma （BA） in children in Kashgar region， and analyze the impact of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 （25（OH）D3） levels on disease severity. Methods Children with acute BA attacks， aged 6-14 years， admitted to a certain thirdtier A-level Hospital of Kashgar were enrolled and divided into different groups according to disease severity （mild， moderate and severe） and 25（OH）D3 levels （normal， insufficiency and deficiency）. Clinical characteristics were compared among different groups. The correlation between 25（OH）D3 levels and disease severity was analyzed. Results A total of 112 children were enrolled， with a male-to-female ratio of 2.61∶1， with a median age of 9.0 （7.0-11.0） years old. The highest incidence was found in spring （42.9%）. The positive rate of allergens is 74.1%（83/112）， with inhaled allergens as the main type （89.1%）， and the tree combination had the highest positive rate （47.0%）.Based on disease severity， 36 cases were assigned into the mild group， 51 cases in the moderate group， and 25 cases in the severe group. As the disease severity was aggravated， the forced vital capacity （FVC）， forced expiratory volume at 1 second （FEV1）， and the ratio of FEV1 to FVC（FEV1/FVC） were gradually decreased （all P <0.001）. The eosinophil （EOS） count in the severe group was higher than that in the mild group （P < 0.05）. According to 25（OH）D3levels， 28 cases had normal 25（OH）D3 levels， 21 cases with insufficient 25（OH）D3 levels， and 35 cases with 25（OH）D3 deficiency. The FVC， FEV1， FEV1/FVC， and peak expiratory flow （PEF） in the 25（OH）D3 deficiency group were significantly lower than those in the insufficient and normal 25（OH）D3 groups （all P < 0.05）. The disease severity significantly differed among three groups （H = 9.538， P = 0.008）. Serum 25 （OH） D3 levels were negatively correlated with the severity of BA attacks （τ = -0.304， P =0.002）. Conclusions Spring is the peak season of acute attacks of BA in school-age children from Kashgar. Inhaled allergens are mainly composed of tree combination. As the severity of this condition deteriorates， lung function of the affected children are gradually declined. Serum 25 （OH） D3 levels are associated with lung function and the severity of acute attacks in children with BA.

"Objective To explore the correlation between triglyceride glucose (TyG) index and arteriosclerosis in natural population, and whether TyG index could be used as a predictor of poor prognosis of cardio-cerebrovascular diseases. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted on 4 355 adults recruited from the natural population in the community of Gaoyou City, Jiangsu Province from 2009 to 2010. According to the TyG index quartiles, they were divided into Q1 group (TyG≤8.19,n=1 100), Q2 group (8.19＜TyG≤8.55,n=1 080), Q3 group (8.55＜TyG≤8.99,n=1 103), Q4 group (TyG＞8.99,n=1 072). Taking brachial-ankle pulse wave conduction velocity (baPWV) as the observation index of arteriosclerosis, the correlation between TyG index and baPWV was analyzed by univariate and multivariate linear regression. A restricted cubic spline function diagram with multivariate correction was performed to explore whether there was a nonlinear correlation between TyG index and baPWV. Results After adjusting for confounding factors, compared with Q1 group, the regression coefficient and its 95%CI of TyG index affecting baPWV among Q2, Q3 and Q4 groups were 0.11 (-0.07-0.29), 0.41 (0.23-0.59) and 0.97 (0.78-1.16), respectively (trend testP＜0.01). Restricted cubic spline analysis showed a linear positive correlation between TyG index and baPWV. The mediator effect analysis also showed that TyG index partially mediated the impact on baPWV through inflammation. Conclusion TyG index is linearly and positively correlated with atherosclerosis."

Dendritic cells (DCs) are the most potent professional antigen-presenting cells (APCs), which play a pivotal role in inducing either inflammatory or tolerogenic response based on their subtypes and environmental signals. DCs are critical for initiation and progression of multiple sclerosis (MS). Induction of tolerogenic DCs (tolDCs) with powerful therapeutic potential has been well - established to combat autoimmune responses in laboratory models and early clinical trials. In contrast to in vitro tolDCs induction, in vivo elicitation by specifically targeting multiple cell - surface receptors has shown greater promise with more advantages. Here, we summarize the role of DCs in governing immune tolerance and in the process of initiating and perpetuating MS. We then highlight the most promising cell-surface receptors expressed on DCs currently being explored as the viable pharmacological targets through antigen delivery to generate tolDCs in vivo, to guide feasible immunotherapeutic strategies.

Shelling rate and kernel breaking rate are the two key indicators of shelled materials, and mechanical shelling is one of the important methods to improve these key indicators. In this paper, the common mechanical shelling methods, mechanical shelling types, mechanical shelling principles and development status of shelling materials were analyzed. The advantages and disadvantages of mechanical hulling equipment were summarized, and suggestions were made for the problems existing in the current application of mechanical hulling.

As a complex multiphase food, ice cream is composed of fat globules, bubbles and ice crystals dispersed in a semi-frozen solution. The fat content is usually 8%~16%, which plays an important role in the ice cream system. However, excessive fat intake can have a negative impact on health, so the use of fat substitutes to replace part or all of ice cream fat has become a research focus. This paper reviewed the research progress of fat substitutes in ice cream by domestic and foreign scholars in recent years, and focused on the introduction of different types of fat substitutes, as well as the effects on the physicochemical and sensory characteristics of low-fat ice cream. The applications were summarized and the future research direction and focus were also prospected.

Objective: The main objective of this study was to optimize the soaking and gelatinization process of semi-dry rice noodles. Methods: Taking semi-dry rice noodles as the research object, the effects of soaking temperature, soaking time, gelatinization temperature, gelatinization time and water addition amount on the cooking loss rate and texture characteristics were analyzed, and the better soaking process and gelatinization process were obtained. Results: Soaking temperature 40 ℃, soaking time 2 h, gelatinization temperature 90 ℃, gelatinization time 8 min, water addition 70% were the best process conditions. The semi-dry rice noodles prepared under the optimal process has better cooking quality and texture characteristics. Conclusion: The quality of semi-dry rice noodles can be improved by optimizing the soaking process and gelatinization process.

Lipid is an important component except starch and protein in rice, which not only has unique nutritional value but also has a great impact on the functional properties of starch. In this paper, the species, structure, distribution, and content of lipids in rice were summarized, and the mechanism, structure characteristics and influencing factors of starch-lipid interaction were discussed. The interaction effects on the properties of starch, including swelling, gelatinization, rheology, retrogradation and digestive ability were reviewed. This paper provided useful information on understanding the interaction between starch and endogenous lipids in rice as well as its influence on the starch properties, which could promote the improvement of rice quality and the development of functional rice.

Objective To investigate the effects of naringin (Nar) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced depression-like behaviors in mice. Methods Thirty C57BL/6 male mice (8 weeks old, SPF grade, weighting 20~23 g) were randomly divided into 3 groups (n=10): control group, saline (Sal)+LPS group, and Nar+LPS group. The mice of the last group were pretreated with Nar (80 mg/kg, i.p., once a day for 8 consecutive days). The exploratory behavior and anxiety-like behavior in mice were assessed by open field test, light and dark box experiment and elevated plus maze test. Sugar water preference test, hanging tail test and forced swimming test were used to evaluate the depression-like behaviors of the mice. Immunohistochemical assay for Iba1 was adopted to detect the effects of Nar and LPS treatments on the number of microglia in the hippocampus of mice. Western blotting and qRT-PCR were performed to determine the protein expression of NF-κB and the mRNA levels of IL-1β, TNF-α and NF-κB in mouse hippocampus, respectively. Results As compared with the control group, the mice in the Sal+LPS group showed decreased preference for sugar water (P < 0.05), and increased immobile time in the forced swimming test (P < 0.01) as well as in the hanging tail test (P < 0.05). The number of microglia in the hippocampus was elevated (P < 0.01), the protein level of NF-κB and the mRNA levels of IL-1β, TNF-α and NF-κB were also up-regulated (P < 0.05). When compared with the Sal+LPS group, the mice in the Nar+LPS group presented increased preference for sugar water (P < 0.01), and decreased immobility time in the forced swimming test (P < 0.01) and hanging tail test (P < 0.05), with higher number of microglia in the hippocampus (P < 0.01), and lower protein levels of NF-κB and mRNA levels of IL-1β, TNF-α and NF-κB (P < 0.01). Conclusion Nar may ameliorate LPS-induced depression-like behaviors in mice by inhibiting inflammation in the hippocampus.

In order to realize tunable multichannel high sensitivity refractive index sensing, a square resonator connected with a Rectangular Groove (RG) is proposed to couple with the highly compact Metal-Dielectric-Metal (MDM) waveguide containing double metal baffles. The transmission spectrums of the proposed waveguide structure have been calculated by the finite element method, which exhibits four sharp, asymmetric transmittance peaks and the magnetic field patterns. Based on the coupling interference between the broadband reflection mode generated by the double baffles and the narrow resonance modes occurred in the composite cavity, the generation mechanism of quadruple Fano resonance is explained. Moreover, the structural parameters of the square cavity and the rectangular groove are changed to study the tunability of the wavelengths of the quadruple transmittance peaks. When the composite cavity is filled with different dielectric media, the calculated sensitivity corresponding to four transmittance peaks are 960, 1 120, 1 320 and 1 560 nm/RIU, respectively. It provides an effective theoretical reference for the design of multi-channel and high sensitivity refractive index sensor.

In order to realize tunable multichannel high sensitivity refractive index sensing, a square resonator connected with a Rectangular Groove (RG) is proposed to couple with the highly compact Metal-Dielectric-Metal (MDM) waveguide containing double metal baffles. The transmission spectrums of the proposed waveguide structure have been calculated by the finite element method, which exhibits four sharp, asymmetric transmittance peaks and the magnetic field patterns. Based on the coupling interference between the broadband reflection mode generated by the double baffles and the narrow resonance modes occurred in the composite cavity, the generation mechanism of quadruple Fano resonance is explained. Moreover, the structural parameters of the square cavity and the rectangular groove are changed to study the tunability of the wavelengths of the quadruple transmittance peaks. When the composite cavity is filled with different dielectric media, the calculated sensitivity corresponding to four transmittance peaks are 960, 1 120, 1 320 and 1 560 nm/RIU, respectively. It provides an effective theoretical reference for the design of multi-channel and high sensitivity refractive index sensor.

To explore the best process quality of citrus and passion fruit to make compound juice, the pulp of citrus and passion fruit were used. After squeezing the juice and coarsely filtering, the raw juice of citrus and passion fruit was mixed in proportion, and pectinase was added as a clarifying agent for clarification. On the basis of single factor, three factors of clarification agent concentration, clarification temperature and clarification time were selected to design and analyze the optimal process conditions of the Box-Benhnken method in the response surface method. The optimal combination of processes selected through sensory evaluation was as follows: the mixing ratio of citrus and passion fruit raw juice was 2∶1; 0.19% of clarifying agent was added; the clarification temperature was 49 ℃; and the clarification time was 1.5 h. The compound juice of citrus and passion fruit is orange-yellow in color, rich fruit aroma, well-coordinated flavor and taste, and of good quality.

A conventional two-step approach of a transport calculation and a nodal diffusion calculation, such as CASMO/SIMULATE, APOLLO/SMART, was used in the light water reactor core design for decades. A new PWR core nuclear design software package named TORCH V20 was developed by Nuclear Power Institute of China (NPIC), and many advanced methodologies were implemented in TORCH V20 to enhance accuracy and performance. Based on the twostep calculation scheme, TORCH V20 mainly contains lattice physics code for assembly homogenization, link calculation code for fewgroup constant parameterization and core simulation code for fewgroup core calculation. The onestep direct heterogeneous calculation code KYLIN V20 based on finegroup structure was employed. KYLIN V20 was used to generate the homogenized parameters, including homogenized crosssection, diffusion coefficients, discontinuity factors and so on. Considering the fact that a certain state required by the reactor core calculation may be different from the ones provided by KYLIN V2.0, a process was required to provide a table between those neutronics few-group constants and state parameters based on the discrete points provided by lattice calculations. The code named PACFAC was used to provide the table for the core simulation code CORCA3D. The neutron diffusion equation would be calculated for core fuel management in CORCA3D. The calculation modules of each code were already verified against various benchmark problems, whereas the work presented in this paper focuses on the verification and validation (V&V) of linked code system TORCH V20 for the core design of pressurized water reactors (PWRs). The measured values of reactor startup physics test and nuclear power plant operation from six PWR NPPs (Daya Bay NPP, Ling’ao NPP, Fangjiashan NPP, Qinshan NPP, Hainan Changjiang NPP, Fuqing NPP) were utilized to do the comparison and analysis for V&V. Part of the reactor startup physics tests and a total of 85 cycles of 14 NPP units were simulated by TORCH V2.0. However, the content of the reactor startup physics tests varies in different cycles. Compared parameters of reactor startup physics test contain critical boron concentration, control rod integral value, boron differential value and isothermal temperature coefficient. Compared parameters of nuclear power plant operation contain critical boron concentration, assemblywise power distribution, hot spot factor and nuclear enthalpy rise factor. With the exception of very few results of critical boron concentration for some deep operation cycles, all the results of compared parameters are in good accordance with the measured values, which are agreed with the industrial acceptance criteria. The results show that the software TORCH V20 has reliable calculation ability and is applicable to the PWR nuclear power engineering design which is based on square fuel assembly. In the future, the uncertainty analysis of TORCH V20 would be carried out for the comprehensive verification and validation.

To investigate the clinical characteristics and prognosis of pneumococcal meningitis (PM), and drug sensitivity of Streptococcus pneumoniae (SP) isolates in Chinese children. Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on clinical information, laboratory data, and microbiological data of 160 hospitalized children under 15 years old with PM from January 2019 to December 2020 in 33 tertiary hospitals across the country. Results Among the 160 children with PM, there were 103 males and 57 females. The age ranged from 15 days to 15 years, with 109 cases (68.1%) aged 3 months to under 3 years. SP strains were isolated from 95 cases (59.4%) in cerebrospinal fluid cultures and from 57 cases (35.6%) in blood cultures. The positive rates of SP detection by cerebrospinal fluid metagenomic nextgeneration sequencing and cerebrospinal fluid SP antigen testing were 40% (35/87) and 27% (21/78), respectively. Fiftyfive cases (34.4%) had one or more risk factors for purulent meningitis, 113 cases (70.6%) had one or more extra-cranial infectious foci, and 18 cases (11.3%) had underlying diseases. The most common clinical symptoms were fever (147 cases, 91.9%), followed by lethargy (98 cases, 61.3%) and vomiting (61 cases, 38.1%). Sixty-nine cases (43.1%) experienced intracranial complications during hospitalization, with subdural effusion and/or empyema being the most common complication [43 cases (26.9%)], followed by hydrocephalus in 24 cases (15.0%), brain abscess in 23 cases (14.4%), and cerebral hemorrhage in 8 cases (5.0%). Subdural effusion and/or empyema and hydrocephalus mainly occurred in children under 1 year old, with rates of 91% (39/43) and 83% (20/24), respectively. SP strains exhibited complete sensitivity to vancomycin (100%, 75/75), linezolid (100%, 56/56), and meropenem (100%, 6/6). High sensitivity rates were also observed for levofloxacin (81%, 22/27), moxifloxacin (82%, 14/17), rifampicin (96%, 25/26), and chloramphenicol (91%, 21/23). However, low sensitivity rates were found for penicillin (16%, 11/68) and clindamycin (6%, 1/17), and SP strains were completely resistant to erythromycin (100%, 31/31). The rates of discharge with cure and improvement were 22.5% (36/160) and 66.2% (106/160), respectively, while 18 cases (11.3%) had adverse outcomes. Conclusions Pediatric PM is more common in children aged 3 months to under 3 years. Intracranial complications are more frequently observed in children under 1 year old. Fever is the most common clinical manifestation of PM, and subdural effusion/emphysema and hydrocephalus are the most frequent complications. Nonculture detection methods for cerebrospinal fluid can improve pathogen detection rates. Adverse outcomes can be noted in more than 10% of PM cases. SP strains are high sensitivity to vancomycin, linezolid, meropenem, levofloxacin, moxifloxacin, rifampicin, and chloramphenicol. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to suppress the vibration noise of a tumble dryer（ internal barrel） in a pulsator washing machine,and to optimize the internal barrel for better performance,firstly,a parameterized finite element model of the internal barrel was established by Solidworks software and imported into ANSYS Workbench software. After analyzing it and obtaining the main parameters that effect the performance of an internal barrel,the independent variables were decided for the structure optimization design of the internal barrel. Secondly,Design of Experiments and Response Surface Methodology were combined to solve a multi-objective optimization problem,under the condition of improved strength and stiffness,solution with the lightest mass is choosen as the optimization goal. Using Central Composite Design in ANSYS Workbench software,experimental points were selected,and the response surface model of an inner barrel was built. Goodness of fit evaluated the fit of the response surface model to experiment data and assessed optimization parameters,then obtained the optimal solution.. Finally,an internal barrel model was built using the optimized size. The results of its dynamic finite element analysis show that the strength and stiffness of the optimized inner barrel are improved,at the same time,its quality is reduced by 5% and its dynamic performance is improved. It provides a theoretical basis for a structure optimization design of the actual product.

Taking the rhizosphere soil ofArtemisia ordosica in Mu Us sandland as an example, the effects of soil physi-chemical properties, soil microorganism and enzyme activities after 1-3 years’ subsidence were analyzed.The results showed that soil bulk density and field capacity decreased, and rhizosphere soil available phosphorus, potassium and nitrogen content decreased significantly (P< 0.05) after subsidence, but soil pH and conductivity increased significantly compared with the un-disturbance area.The quantities of bacteria and actinomycetes decreased in the depth of 0-20 cm, while the quantities of fungi increased.As compared to the un-disturbance area, soil microbial quantity increased in the 20-40 cm and 40-60 cm layers.Soil acid phosphatase activity increased significantly after subsidence (P< 0.05).Soil invertase activity in the surface increased significantly after 2-3 years’ subsidence, while there was no significant difference in the deep soil (P> 0.05).There was no significant difference on soil available phosphorus and nitrogen, the quantities of bacteria in surface soil, soil urease and invertase activity between subsidence area and the un-disturbance area after 3 years.The rhizosphere environment of plants has a certain self-repair capacity, but it will take a long time to reach the level of nature eco-environment after mining subsidence.

Objective To investigate the oral health knowledge and behaviors of 15 to 17 years old students in Chaozhou and provide necessary information for oral health care plans.Methods A questionnaire investigation was conducted among 933 students aged 15-17 years from Chaozhou. They were recruited using stratified cluster random sampling method. The questionnaire was designed on the basis of the questionnaire for the fourth national oral health survey as well as the objectives of the present study. The questionnaire involved a range of questions, including demographic and social information, oral health knowledge and behaviors. Analyses were made for the data of the questionnaire.Results Only 13.1% of students knew that pit and fissure sealant can protect teeth. The girls (t = 5.198) and those whose father had higher education level (t = 2.667) had higher oral health knowledge score (P < 0.01). The frequency of tooth brushing was significantly associated with age (χ2 = 23.002) and gender (χ2 = 98.722) (P < 0.001). The girls and those who were older had higher proportions of brushing their teeth twice or more daily. 75.2% of students did not know whether the toothpaste they used contained fluoride or not, and 91.5% of students never used dental floss. The use of dental service was significant associated with gender (χ2 = 16.406) and their maternal education level (χ2 = 12.566) (P < 0.01). Conclusion The oral health knowledge and behaviors of 15 to 17 years old students from Chaozhou are needed to be improved actively. Oral health education should be focused on those who are boys and younger, and whose parents have lower education level.

Brackish water resource is widely distributed in the North China Plain, which has not been effectively utilized. Using brackish water for irrigation can alleviate water resource conflict in the well-irrigated area and solve the problem of groundwater over-exploitation of the North China Plain. A long-term experiment (since 2006) was conducted to investigate the effects of brackish water irrigation on the quality and yield of winter wheat in the North China Plain. There were five salinity degrees of irrigation water, i.e. 1, 2, 4, 6, and 8 g · L-1, respectively. The results showed that higher salinity degree of irrigation water (4-8 g · L-1) significantly increased water absorption, development time, sedimentation, wet gluten content, and protein content, but decreased the stabilization time, flour yield, and gluten index. There was no significant difference between the treatments of 1 g · L-1 and 2 g · L-1 on grain yield and yield components, but the treatment of 2 g · L-1 significantly improved grain quality, including water absorption, development time, sedimentation, wet gluten, and protein content. Higher salinity degree of irrigation water (4-8 g · L-1) treatments significantly decreased spike number (44.0%-60.7%) and grain yield (35.6%-64.7%), compared with 1 g · L-1 treatment. Results of principal component analysis showed that 2 g · L-1 treatment had the best overall effect with no significant decrease in grain yield and quality of grain. This study could provide theoretical basis and technical support for use of brackish water in the North China Plain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is of great importance to explore the effects of saline-water furrow irrigation on soil water-stable aggregates for safe and efficient utilization of saline water resources. We conducted a long-term cotton experiment with six levels of saline-water furrow irrigation (1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 g · L-1) since 2006 and analyzed the variations of soil salinity and water-stable aggregates in the 10th and 15th years under saline irrigation. The results showed that soil salinity in the 0-30 cm layer at the ditch increased with increasing salinity level of irrigation water. There were significant differences between the 6, 8, 10 g · L-1 and 1 g · L-1 treatments. Soil salinity in each treatment increased gradually with increasing soil depth. Saline-water furrow irrigation tended to reduce the stability of soil water-stable aggregates. When the salinity level of the irrigation water was ≥ 6 g · L-1, the mass fraction of macroaggregates (>0.25 mm), the mean weight diameter and geometric mean diameter of water-stable aggregates significantly decreased. In contrast, the fractal dimension and mean weight specific surface area increased significantly. The stability of soil water-stable aggregates decreased with soil depth in all treatments. Under the condition of saline-water furrow irrigation for several years, there was no accumulation of soil salinity and instability of water-stable aggre-gates in the 0-30 cm soil layer at the ditch with each passing year. With the irrigation scheduling of this study, saline-water furrow irrigation with salinity ≤ g · L-1 did not affect soil salinity and water-stable aggregate stability of cotton field in this area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cosmetic packaging plays a more important role in protection than decoration. The protection should be built on the safety of the packaging material itself. Common cosmetic packaging materials include glass packaging materials, plastic packaging materials, metal packaging materials and ceramic packaging materials. Unsafe ingredients which may exist in these packing materials were analyzed according to the related regulations in food and drug field. Tests for the compatibility of the packaging materials as well as the packaging materials' secondary processing with the cosmetic contents were further summarized, which had a certain guiding significance for the selection and safety test of cosmetic packaging materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nitrogen application plays an important role in plant growth and development. Exploring genetic loci related to nitrogen use efficiency is of great significance for improving wheat yield and reducing environmental pollution. Root system architecture (RSA) determined the composition of plant root system, and significantly affected by nitrogen level. Under different nitrogen levels (deficiency and normal), 160 winter wheat accessions from the Huanghuai valley and Northern winter wheat region were counted for their root architecture-related traits (total root length, total root surface area, total root volume, average root diameter, and root tip number). Genotype was analyzed using 660K SNP (single nucleotide polymorphism) data. Genome-wide association study (GWAS) was employed to identify the relevant loci for nitrogen use efficiency. A total of 34 associated loci were detected, which explained 6.9%-15.4% of the phenotypic variation. These loci distributed on all chromosomes and mainly centered on chromosomes 1A, 2B, 3B, 5B, 6A, 6B, and 7A, respectively. Among the loci detected in this study, 11 loci overlapped or were close to the reported ones, while the other 23 might be novel loci. In addition, we explored a candidate gene encoding the E3 ubiquitin ligase. This study is of great significance for understanding the genetic mechanism of nitrogen utilization and breeding high-yield wheat varieties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Four kinds of 7050 aluminum alloys containing trace Mn, Zr, Sc and composite additions of these three elements were prepared. The effect of hot rolling and aging on microstructure and mechanical properties of 7050 aluminum alloy was studied by means of metallographic analysis and tensile test. The results indicate that hot rolling after aging treatment can refine grans and improve mechanical properties. Under the same treatment method, the add-on of trace elements significantly promote the grains refinement of the alloy. The alloy with Zr and Sc elements has good comprehensive mechanical properties. Notably, both tensile strength and yield strength increase greatly, plastic changes insignificant [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

FeVxNy alloy was prepared in the pusher kiln by carbothermal reduction nitriding method using vanadium trioxide, graphite powder and iron powder as raw materials. The phase, fracture morphology and elements of the alloy products were analyzed by XRD, FESEM, EDS and ICP, respectively. When burden quantity of vanadium trioxide and iron powder is constant and the amount of graphite addition increases, the V and N content varies slightly, and Fe content slightly changes in high vanadium alloy products. The N content little changes, and the V and Fe content make a big difference. In addition, iron powder is used as catalyst and binder in the reaction process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To resolve the problem of soil nutrient and water deficiency in arid and semiarid regions of Northwest China, and considering the symbiotic relationship between microbes and crops, we set up two water regimes: drought stress (35% of the soil water holding capacity) and normal water supply (75% of the soil water holding capacity), two film mulching patterns (non-film mulching and film mulching), and four levels of microbial inoculation [single inoculation with AM fungi (AM), single inoculation with phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB), co-inoculation of AM fungi with phosphate solubilizing bacteria (AM+PSB) and the control (CK)]. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of microbial inoculation on maize growth, nutrient absorption, and water use efficiency under different treatments of water regime and film mulching. Results showed that drought stress significantly increased the mycorrhizal colonization of inoculated plants, but significantly decreased soil external hyphal length, T-GRSP and EE-GRSP content. Under drought stress, AM inoculation showed the best promoting and mycorrhizal effect on maize growth by increasing biomass and water use efficiency, soil organic carbon content, the absorption and transportation of soil N, P, K, and thus increasing the N, P, K uptake. Under normal water supply, the inoculation effect of AM+PSB was better than that of AM or PSB treatment, especially combined with film mulching. Results from correlation analysis showed that plant biomass, leaf SPAD value, and nutrient uptake of maize aboveground were significantly positively correlated with soil external hyphal length, whereas water use efficiency was significantly negatively correlated with soil external hyphal length. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To resolve the problem of higher application and lower use efficiency of phosphorus fertilizer of Chinese cabbage (Brassica pekinensis), the yield, use efficiency of phosphate fertilizer and soil phosphate balance were examined by a located field trial in Zhangye Observation and Experiment Station of the Agro-ecological Environment in oasis irrigation region from 2011 to 2013. The results showed that the yield increased with the increase of phosphorus fertilization rate from 0 to 112.52 kg P ⋅ hm-2, beyond which there would be no further enhancement. The yield was 5489.1 kg ⋅ hm-2 at 112.52 kg P ⋅ hm-2 treatment. This treatment increased the yield by 13.3%-23.8%, under which the phosphorus use efficiency was 14.2%. Soil Olsen-P and CaCl2-P were positively correlated. For 111.1 kg P ⋅ hm-2 treatment, the content of soil Olsen-P was 24.22 mg ⋅ kg-1, with no phosphorus leaching and no pollution. At the rate of 60.17 kg P ⋅ hm-2, there was a balance between phosphorus input and output and the phosphate demand of Chinese cabbage being met. In conclusion, the optimal phosphorus threshold was 60.17-112.52 kg ⋅ hm-2 for Chinese cabbage, the amount at which could reduce the risk of phosphorus pollution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Considering systematic jumps and heterogeneity jumps as tail events, we discuss the tail characteristics of distribution of stock return from the perspective of the extreme value theory. We use time of day (TOD) method to eliminate intraday effect of high-frequency data, apply index-stock method to decompose systematic jumps and heterogeneity jumps, and the peak over threshold (POT) method to estimate the left tail and right tail parameters. Empirical studies show that the intraday effect of A-share market possesses apparent "L" type feature. Each stock exists significant systematic and heterogeneity jumps. And the tails of two jump types are obvious thick. The times and contributions of right tail jumps are larger than left in all stocks. This suggests that the frequent appearance of jumps and jump tail characteristics are an important reason for non-normal distribution of stock return. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To clarify the effects of different irrigation treatments in paddy field on rice gain quality, three irrigation methods, moistening irrigation (0 cm water depth), shallow water irrigation (1-2 cm water depth) and deep water irrigation (5-6 cm water depth), were established under field condition. In the experiment, rice gain physiochemical parameters including grain length, width, area and perimeter, amylose and protein contents and RVA profile characteristics of 3 rice cultivars (Shengdao 14, Shengdao 2572, Shengdao 18) with excellent quality were evaluated. Results showed that grain length, area and perimeter were significantly enhanced under shallow water irrigation when compared with the other two irrigation methods, while chalky rice rate and chalkiness performed conversely. Of all irrigation methods, moistening irrigation produced the highest peak viscosity and hot viscosity values, but deep irrigation produced the lowest peak viscosity, hot viscosity and final viscosity values. The breakdown, setback, consistence values and amylose content of rice grains of 3 varieties displayed disparate responses to the 3 irrigation treatments, largely due to the difference of genotypes. Shengdao 14 had the best eating quality under moistening irrigation and Shengdao 18 under deep irrigation. Correlation analysis indicated that RVA profile parameters were significantly related with apparent and physiochemical parameters. The relationship between apparent and eating quality was quantified by regression and pathway analyses, suggesting that grain area, perimeter and the ratio of grain length to width were the main factors controlling breakdown, the ratio of grain length to width was for setback, and grain protein and amylose contents for consistence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aiming at the problems of low automation degree, high labor costs, low polishing eeficiency, diificult polishing and no-failure warning for large-scale screw polishing machine, programmable logic controller (PLC) technology and human-machine interface were used on the control system of the machine. After the analysis of the rotational speed of large-scale screw and movement speed of polishing belt, the relationship of the rotational speed of two motors was established. It was proposed that adjusting the initial position of the large screw in dynamic regulation, detecting the position of the abrasive belt with a limit switch, and detecting the operating temperature of the motor by the temperature sensor. The overall block diagram, flow chart and an electrical schematic diagram of the control system were given. Moreover, control software for the system was developed. The results indicate that, the control system can solve the problems of diificult polishing and low eficiency for traditional large-scale screw. The interface of the control system gets the advantages of simple and easy to operation. The introduction of sound and light alarms is convenient for discovering and maintaining troubles of motor, and improves safety performance of the system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Open laboratory management is an important content of university laboratory management, and opening the teaching-oriented laboratories has significance to improve ability of practice and innovation of local university students. There mainly existed some problems in the process of opening to the undergraduate for cultivation of innovative ability in the teaching laboratory, In this paper, countermeasures were proposed by analyzing some common problems of the teaching-oriented lab. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The traditional secret sharing scheme cannot verify the fraud of participants or secret distributors. The secret sharing scheme proposed by Lin-Wu et al. can verify these frauds, which requires a lot of computation. The secret shares in this scheme must be calculated which can not meet the randomness of shares. It needs to establish secure channels between the secret distributor and each participant, which increases the burden of the implementation of the scheme. Therefore, an improved secret sharing scheme was proposed in the paper. Participants do not need to verify fraud by the secret distributor, which reduces the calculation of participants. The secret shares are chosed by the participants, which achieves the randomness of secret shares. In addition, the scheme can share mutli-secret sharing and update the group secrets. It also can dynamically add new participants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The decline of rural community has become a worldwide problem, which has been examined in the academic circles from the perspective of rural community transformation. In general, it can be interpreted from five aspects, including frequently unidirectional mobility of population, changes of lifestyle, difficulty in accessing resources, complicated networks of social relationship and collective behaviors of villagers' engaging in public affairs. Therefore, theoretical discussions about this issue can't be confined to a certain discipline and should turn to management, economics, politics, sociology and psychology. It is from the five perspectives that the paper analyzed the phenomenon and reasons and then put forward several countermeasures against the rural community's decline, with an aim to providing multi-dimensional views on exploring and solving this problem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

China is one of the origin centers of rice (Oryza sativa), with a distribution of abundant wild rice germplasm resources. Since the biosafety certificates were issued to Bt transgenic rice containing cry1Ac gene against lepidopteran pests, concerns are raised on the gene flow from transgenic rice to its wild relatives. This paper reviewed the occurrence of transgenic rice gene flow and its potential ecological consequences. Most studies suggested that transgenic rice could successfully hybridize with cultivated rice, wild rice (O. rufipogon), red rice (O. sativa f. spontanea), and barnyard grass (Echinochloa caudata), and the gene flow from transgenic rice had a lower occurrence frequency and was highly variable. Once the gene flow successfully occurred, the transgenes could introgress into a wild population within only a few generations because of the fitness advantage of transgenic rice due to the new selective traits of transgenes. When the transgenic plants invaded and persisted in a wild population, the dynamic changes of the mixed population would depend on the relative fitness and competition capability. To study the effects of the gene flow of transgenic rice and its long-term ecological consequences would have significance in rationally protecting and utilizing wild rice germplasm resources in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To understand the accumulated temperature (ACT) demand of maize for its normal maturation among years and regions as well as the use efficiency of local ACT, a group of work?net field experiments was conducted at 55 sites in 28 regions of Northeast China spring maize planting area (40°07'- 48°08'N) in 2007-2009, taking an eurychoric maize variety Zhengdan 958 as test object. The meteorological conditions in the area had large difference. In the same regions, the active accumulated temperature above 10 °Cin whole corn growth season (ACT10 for short) demand of Zhengdan 958 for completing its whole growth and development process had little difference among different years (P>0. 1). However, in different regions, this demand differed significantly (P < 0.001) in the same years, with the largest difference occurred from seedling stage to emergence stage, followed by at post?silking stage, and the least at pre?silking stage. The maturity degree of Zhengdan 958 had significant correlations with local heat conditions, and there was a linear relationship between use efficiency and latitude. Zhengdan 958 could be safely matured in the regions with the ACT10 being more than 3000 °C, and had a risk of immaturity in the regions with the ACT10 less than 3000 °C. In conclusion, under certain meteorological conditions, the ACT demand of Zhengdan 958 for completing its growth process was relatively stable, and, due to the self physiological adjusting, the ACT10 demand of Zhengdan 958 at its different growth stages showed a significant difference among different regions [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ecologically fragile Karst area is a hotspot area concerned by academia. Owing to its intrinsic vulnerability and intense human activities, the ecosystem in this area is in degradation. Based on the degradation mechanisms of the ecosystem and the fragile degree of eco-environment in southwest Karst area of China, previous management experiences, and the factors leading to ecological deterioration, three types management modes of degraded ecosystem in ecologically fragile Karst area were summarized, i. e. , ecological emigration-forest reservation-natural vegetation recovery, returning farmland into forestland-soil and water conservation-afforestation, and sustainable eco-agriculture-courtyard economy-resources industry. The appropriate areas for these modes, the problems needed to be paid attention in practices, and the cost?benefit analysis of these modes were also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]