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The water treatment experiment for rust layer stabilization for Q500qENH weathering steel was carried out in seven different locations for 8 weeks to determine the applicability of the optimal treatment process. Results showed that with the prolonging of the stabilization treatment period, the weight loss and corrosion thinning of the samples increased, the corrosion rate presented a downward trend, and the color of the rust layer on the surface of the samples changed from orange to brown. In addition, the thickness of the rust layer increased gradually. The electrochemical analysis results indicated that the self - corrosion current density of the samples decreased, and the self - corrosion potential gradually shifted positively with the prolonging of the stabilization treatment period. Meanwhile, the results of XRD analysis revealed that the unstable phase (γ - FeOOH) gradually transformed into stable phase (α - FeOOH), and the proportion of stable phase (α - FeOOH) gradually increased with the extension of stabilization treatment period. To sum up the above results, Q500qENH weathering steel was treated by different rust layer stabilization water treatment processes in 3 kinds of typical locations, and a relatively stable rust layer could be obtained after 4～6 weeks.

Objective To explore the relationship between hormone replacement therapy (HRT) and the time period when postmenopausal women received HRT and accelerated biological aging. Methods Based on the biochemical and anthropometric data collected from the UK Biobank baseline survey, the biological age (BA) and BA acceleration index were constructed by Klemera Doubal method (KDM). The subjects were divided into 5 groups according to the status of receiving HRT: no, 10 years before menopause, 0-10 years before menopause, 0-10 years after menopause, and 10 years after menopause. Multivariate linear regression model was used to explore the relationship between HRT and BA acceleration. The characteristic factors of the population were taken as stratified factors for stratified analysis. Results A total of 96 889 subjects were included. Compared with people who did not receive HRT, there was a correlation for starting HRT 0-10 years before menopause (3=-0.28, 95%CI: -0.36 to -0.19) and starting HRT postmenopausal 0-10 years (j8=-0.39, 95%CI: -0.46 to -0.31) with the delayed accelerated aging. The effect of HRT on delaying and accelerating aging was more obvious in postmenopausal women less than 60 years old. Conclusion Receiving HRT slows biological aging and is more effective when used within 10 years of menopause in postmenopausal women under 60 years of age. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to its unique value the existing achievements of robot autonomous control cannot fully meet the requirements of harsh environment. Artificial control system which has full range of operational functions，real-time and good stability，will become the prerequisite for the task being smoothly and safely completed by the robots at the present stage. Based on the preliminary foundation about hardware system of the manned hexapod robot，the paper presents a control mode which is integrated with the principles of situational awareness and man-machine function allocation. Optimal allocation schemes through establishing a multi-objective fuzzy decision model is obtained. Finally a hexapod robot control system whose the core controller is B&R controllers is designed and achieve the real-time condition monitoring of robotic and the accuracy of motion control. at the same time the integration of the proposed human-machine function allocation algorithm and good maneuverability of the system is also verified. We provide manned hexapod robot control system as the reference in the future.

A role-based delegation constraint method was introduced by separating role into two parts for fine-grained controlling. Three types of delegation constraints were analyzed, including temporal, prohibition and obligation. Using these constraints, conditional delegation and constrained usage was described. The former protected accepted delegation under certain conditions against diffuseness and abuse. The later constrained the usage of permission to avoid abuses of delegated permissions. An algorithm based on the graph theory for verifying the consistency of delegation constraints was presented, which had the time complexity of O（n2）.

Objective To analyze the situation of acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) case surveillance system in Shantou City from 2010 to 2019, find out the existing problems in time, prevent the occurrence of imported polio (referred to as polio) wild virus cases, and provide a scientific basis for polio prevention and control. Methods Descriptive epidemiological methods, China Immunization Program Monitoring Information Management System and excel 2007 were used to analyze the 2010-2019 AFP case surveillance data in Shantou City and evaluate the operation of the AFP surveillance system. Results A total of 273 AFP cases have been reported in Shantou in the past 10 years. The lowest reported incidence in 2010 was 1.60/100 000, the highest reported incidence in 2011 was 3.19/100 000, and the average annual reported incidence was 2.22/100 000. All of 273 cases were non-polio cases, no wild poliovirus cases and vaccine-derived poliovirus cases. All 273 AFP cases were distributed in 7 districts and counties of the city, and there was no obvious clustering of cases in the area. The oldest age of 273 AFP csaes was 14 years old and the youngest was 3 months old. The incidence was higher in the 1-<5-year-old group, with a total of 142 cases, accounting for 52.01% of the total cases. In 273 cases of AFP, 170 cases were males, and 103 cases were females with the ratio of male to female was 1.65 : 1, and the incidence rate of male was higher than that of female. The difference between male and female patients was statistically significant (χ²=16.44, P<0.05). Cases were reported every month. The incidence was highest in May, with 31 cases (accounting for 11.36%). There was no obvious aggregation at the onset time. Among of 273 AFP cases, 263 (96.34%) received vaccine more than 3 times, and 10 (3.66%) received vaccine less than 3 times. Among of 273 AFP cases, 269 AFP cases were collected with double qualified stool samples with the qualified stool samples collection rate of 98.53%, and no poliovirus was isolated. Conclusion The AFP monitoring system in Shantou has been operating well in the past 10 years, and the monitoring indicators of sensitivity and timeliness of the monitoring system have reached national requirements. To consolidate the results of polio-free, we should maintain a high level of polio vaccine immunization rate, strengthen the reporting awareness of medical staff, and improve AFP case monitoring system quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aiming at the problem that the general rough sets can not present complete decision-making rules from limited data, the positive, negative and mixed consistent decision-making information system were defined. Method of obtaining rules for positive consistent system based on dominance relation was researched. Based on this, methods of obtaining rules for negative and mixed consistent systems based on dominance relation were put forward. A dominance rough sets method for consistent decision-making information system was then presented. The method was applied in the threat assessment of UCAV's targets. Decision-making information system for threat assessment of UCAV's targets was established. Preference of targets' attributes was analyzed. Decision-making algorithm was given, complexity of which was analyzed, and compared with dominance rough sets of Greco. Results show that the method is simple and rules can cover all values of the attributes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The test model was established to measure rock bolting stress fields in laboratory, the distribution features of the stress fields caused by single and two bolts with various tensile loads were tested, and the stress field overlapping and interaction caused by two bolts were analyzed. The stress fields caused by single and two bolts were also computed by numerical simulation, which were compared with those obtained from laboratory tests. The research results points out the stress around single bolt ends is pretty high, and the stress is decreasing away from the ends with pretty low value in middle of the bolt. The tensile stress zone appears around right side of the model distant to the bolt. The stress overlapping caused by two bolts mainly appears in the middle part of model. However, the stress in the middle parts around the front and rear surfaces of the model is very low, where the stress diffusion scopes are limited, and the stress in the center of the model is also low as it is distant to bolt ends. Finally, the suggestions for improving bolting stress test model and methods were put forward. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The screw conveying characteristics of granular coal from an screw conveyor was investigated. The results show that coal particle size, moisture content and conveying angle have significant effects on the screw conveying characteristics of granular coal. Screw velocity increases with the increasing of particle size of granular coal and decreases with the increasing of moisture content of granular coal. Increasing the conveying angle leads to serious sliding of the granular coal, and the filling coefficient increases. The filling coefficient increases with the increasing of particle size and moisture content of granular coal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To explore the clinical effect of ultrasonic irrigation combined with chlorhexidine in root canal treatment of pulpitis., Methods: A total of 120 patients with pulpitis treated with root canal therapy were randomly divided into a study group (n=60, 72 affected teeth) and a control group (n=60, 70 affected teeth). During root canal preparation, the study group was treated with chlorhexidine combined with ultrasonic irrigation, while the control group was treated with chlorhexidine conventional irrigation. The bacterial count and endotoxin content in the root canal before and after root canal preparation were compared between the two groups, as well as the endodontic inter-appointment pain (EIAP), lateral branch root canal filling rate, and degree of tooth pain after root canal treatment. The success rate of treatment was statistically analyzed after one-year follow-up. Statistical analysis was performed with SPSS 19.0 software package., Results: After root canal preparation, the number of colonies in experimental group and control group was significantly decreased compared with that before root canal preparation(P＜0.05), and the number of colonies in experimental group was significantly lower than that in control group(P＜0.05). After root canal preparation, endotoxin levels in experimental group and control group were significantly lower than those before root canal preparation(P＜0.05), and the level in experimental group was significantly lower than that in control group(P＜0.05). The lateral branch root canal filling rate in the study group and the control group was 29.17% and 11.43%, respectively, with significant difference between the groups(P＜0.05). The incidence of EIAP was 4.17% and 14.29%, respectively, with significant difference between the two groups(P＜0.05). At 48 hours after surgery, the visual analogue score (VAS) of the study group and the control group was (2.74±0.61) and (3.29±0.68), respectively, which were significantly lower than at before surgery(P＜0.05). There was a significant difference in VAS score between the two groups 48 hours after surgery(P＜0.05). One week after surgery, the VAS score in the study group and the control group was (1.52±0.34) and (1.81±0.42), respectively, significantly lower than that before and 48 hours after surgery(P＜0.05). There was a significant difference in VAS score between the two groups at one week after surgery (P＜0.05). The successful rate of treatment in the control group was 84.62%, and 95.71% in the study group, with a significant difference between the two groups(P＜0.05)., Conclusions: The application of ultrasonic irrigation combined with chlorhexidine in the treatment of pulpitis root canals can help reduce the level of bacteria and endotoxin after root canal preparation, alleviate the degree of postoperative tooth pain, and improve the filling rate of lateral branch root canals, with superior curative effects.

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are key components of tropospheric chemistry, of which industrial emissions are an important source of atmospheric VOCs. In this study, online measurements of 74 VOCs were made in a typical industrial area of the Pearl River Delta in southern China during the early summer of 2021. The mean volume mixing ratio of total volatile organic compounds (TVOC) was (81.9±45.4)×10 -9 during the campaign. Among them, oxygenated volatile organic compounds (OVOCs) accounted for the largest fraction of TVOC, with an average of 51.5%, followed by aromatics, accounting for 19.4% of TVOC. The proportion of OVOCs in TVOC gradually increased with the increase in TVOC concentration. Industry-related emissions were the main contributors to aromatics and OVOCs in this region. Aromatics and OVOCs were the two major contributors to the ozone formation potential (OFP), accounting for 56.4% and 26.7%, respectively. Furthermore, OVOCs also contributed 40.0% of the total ·OH reactivity from VOCs. Xylenes, toluene, acrolein, and ethyl acetate had a greater contribution to the formation of secondary pollution; thus, these species should be given priority for controlling secondary pollution. Our results underscore the severity of OVOCs pollution in industrial areas and the important roles of OVOCs in secondary pollution.

Quantity is the key factor to ensure the safety and effectiveness of medicines. It is very important to study and determine the traditional measuring units and their quantity values of Tibetan medicine. Based on the literature records of Tibetan medicine and combined with modern experimental verification and investigation research, this study determined the reference, name, and conversion rate of traditional measuring units of Tibetan medicine. Meanwhile, through large sample sampling and repeated quantification of refe-rence of basic units, its weight and volume were clarified. The modern SI volume and weight unit values corresponding to the traditional volume and weight units of Tibetan medicine were deduced, and the correctness, reliability, and practicability of these determination results were demonstrated. This study also put forward some specific suggestions and reference values for formulating the standards of measuring units of weight and volume of Tibetan medicine. It is of great significance in guiding the processing, production, and clinical treatment of Tibetan medicine, and promoting the standardization and standardized development of Tibetan medicine.

Based on transcriptome sequencing technology, the mouse model of prediabetes treated with Huangjing Qianshi Decoction was sequenced to explore the possible mechanism of treating prediabetes. First of all, transcriptome sequencing was performed on the normal BKS-DB mouse group, the prediabetic model group, and the Huangjing Qianshi Decoction treatment group(treatment group) to obtain differentially expressed genes in the skeletal muscle samples of mice. The serum biochemical indexes were detected in each group to screen out the core genes of Huangjing Qianshi Decoction in prediabetes. Gene Ontology(GO) database and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG) database were used to conduct signaling pathway enrichment analysis of differentially expressed genes, and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction(RT-qPCR) was used to verify them. The results showed that the levels of fasting blood glucose(FBG), fasting insulin(FINS), insulin resistance index(HOMA-IR), total cholesterol(TC), triglycerides(TG), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C) in the mouse model were significantly decreased after treatment with Huangjing Qianshi Decoction. In the results of differential gene screening, there were 1 666 differentially expressed genes in the model group as compared with the normal group, and there were 971 differentially expressed genes in the treatment group as compared with the model group. Among them, interleukin-6(IL-6) and NR3C2 genes, which were closely related to the regulation of insulin resis-tance function, were significantly up-regulated between the model group and the normal group, and vascular endothelial growth factor A(VEGFA) genes were significantly down-regulated between the model group and the normal group. However, the expression results of IL-6, NR3C2, and VEGFA genes were adverse between the treatment group and the model group. GO functional enrichment analysis found that the biological process annotation mainly focused on cell synthesis, cycle, and metabolism; cell component annotation mainly focused on organelles and internal components; and molecular function annotation mainly focused on binding molecular functions. KEGG pathway enrichment analysis found that it involved the protein tyrosine kinase 6(PTK6) pathway, CD28-dependent phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B(PI3K/AKT) pathway, p53 pathway, etc. Therefore, Huangjing Qianshi Decoction can improve the state of prediabetes, and the mechanism may be related to cell cycle and apoptosis, PI3K/AKT pathway, p53 pathway, and other biological pathways regulated by IL-6, NR3C2, and VEGFA.

This study reviewed the spatial and temporal distributions of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) during 2000-2010 in inland sediments of China and quantified the underlying socioeconomic determinants based on the structural equation model and gravity model. We found that PAHs concentrations in the sediments of eight different regions followed the order of Northern coast>Northeast>Eastern coast>Southern coast>Middle Yellow River>Middle Yangtze River>Southwest>Northwest. The Southern coast, Middle Yangtze River, and Southern coast regions showed large contributions to the high-molecular weight PAHs, whereas the Northeast, Northwest, and Middle Yellow River regions showed high contributions to the low-molecular weight PAHs. PAHs concentrations continuously increased from the year 2000 followed by a gradual decline after 2006, with significant differences in the year when PAHs levels reached their peak. PAHs concentrations of sediment in developed regions declined in recent years following a continuous increase in the 2000s; however, they still increased rapidly in developing regions owing to fast economic development. In addition, the increment rate of PAHs concentrations in sediment at the remote or less-developed regions was slower than that at the developed regions. Urbanization and industrialization had an important effect on PAHs in the sediments, and the largest influencing factor was the economic development.

The endophytic fungus Nigrospora sphaerica S5 derived from the semi-mangrove plant Myoporum bontioides was fermented. Its metabolites were purified by column chromatography. Nine compounds were obtained and identified as terezine P(1), 3-(1-hydroxyethyl)-4-methyl dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one(2), methylhydroheptelidate(3), hydroheptelidic acid(4), 5, 7-dimethoxy-4, 6-dimethylphthalide(5),(3R,4S)-(-)-4-hydroxymellein(6), pestalopyrone(7), indole-3-formaldehyde(8) and p-hydroxybenzaldehyde(9) by spectroscopic techniques. Terezine P(1) was a new alkaloid belonging to the terezine class with a pyrazine ring. Compounds 2-7 were lactones, of which 3 and 4 belonged to sesquiterpenes. Compounds 8 and 9 were indole alkaloids and phenols, respectively. Compounds 3-6 were purified from Nigrospora sp. for the first time. These compounds showed different degrees of antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli of O6 serotype and E. coli of O78 serotype.

Objective: To study the impacts of exposure of F0 generation rats to 4-nonylphenol (4-NP) and bisphenal A (BPA) on the autophagy of testicular cells and key gene expressions of the Akt/mTOR pathway in the F1 generation offspring rats., Methods: Using a 2×2 factorial design, F0 female and male rats were randomly assigned to receive intragastrically sigma vegetable oil (the control), BPA at 0.5 mg/kg, 4-NP at 5 mg/kg, and BPA+4-NP both at 0.5 mg/kg, respectively, qd alt for 30 days. Then the rats in each group were mated at a ratio of 1∶3. After pregnancy, the female rats continued the above intragastrical administration till delivery. The F1 generation male offspring rats were killed at 60 postnatal days, and their testes harvested for sperm count, observation of the morphological and autophagic changes of the testis, and determination of the relative mRNA expression levels of Akt, mTOR, 4EBP1 and p70S6K and protein expression levels of LC3-I and LC3-II., Results: The sperm count of the F1 generation male offspring rats was markedly decreased in the BPA and BPA+4-NP groups compared with that in the control (P < 0.05) but no significant interactive effect was observed between BPA and 4-NP (P > 0.05). The ratio of LC3-II / LC3-I was remarkably increased in the 4-NP, BPA and BPA+4-NP groups in comparison with that in the control (P < 0.05), and a significant interactive effect was shown between BPA and 4-NP (P < 0.05). The cells in the seminiferous tubules of the rats in the 4-NP, BPA and BPA+4-NP groups were loosely arranged, with a decreased count of sperm and increased number of autophagic vacuoles. Significant down-regulation was observed in the relative mRNA expression of p70S6K in the 4-NP group, as well as in that of mTOR in the BPA group and Akt in the BPA+4-NP group (all P < 0.05). A remarkably up-regulated expression of 4EBP1 mRNA was found in all the three intervention groups (P < 0.05), with a significant interactive effect between BPA and 4-NP on the expressions of Akt and 4EBP1 mRNA (P < 0.05)., Conclusion: Long-term exposure to low-concentration BPA and 4-NP impairs the testicular function of the F1 generation male offspring rats, which is closely related to the autophagy of testicular cells and changes of the Akt/mTOR pathway.

This study analyzed the molecular mechanism of Huangjing Qianshi Decoction(HQD) in the treatment of prediabetes based on network pharmacology and molecular docking. The active components of HQD were identified and screened based on Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform(TCMSP, http://Lsp.nwu.edu.cn/tcmsp.php) and then the targets of the components and the genes related to prediabetes were retrieved, followed by identifying the common targets of the decoction and the disease. The medicinal component-target network was constructed by Cytoscape to screen key components. The protein-protein interaction(PPI) network was established by STRING and hub genes were identified by Cytoscape-CytoNCA, followed by Gene Ontology(GO) term enrichment and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG) of the hub genes with R-clusterProfi-ler. Thereby, the possible signaling pathways were predicted and the molecular mechanism was deduced. A total of 79 active components of HQD and 785 diabetes-related targets of the components were screened out. The hub genes mainly involved the GO terms of tricarboxylic acid cycle, peptide binding, amide binding, hydrolase activity, and kinase activity regulation, and the KEGG pathways of AGE-RAGE signaling pathway, TNF signaling pathway, AMPK signaling pathway, IL-17 signaling pathway, and insulin signaling pathway. Western blot result showed that HQD-containing serum significantly reduced the expression of AKT1, AGE, and RAGE proteins in insulin resistance model cells. HQD's treatment of prediabetes is characterized by multiple pathways, multiple targets, and multiple levels. The main mechanism is that the components zhonghualiaoine, baicalein, kaempferol, and luteolin act on AKT1 and inhibit the AGE-RAGE axis.

Coal-fired power plants (CFPPs) and waste incineration power plants (WIPPs) represent a large portion of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) sources in the environment, among which halogenated PAHs (HPAHs) are more toxic to the human body compared with their corresponding parent PAHs. In the current work, we investigated the occurrence, formation mechanism, and toxicity effects of HPAHs in the coal and waste combustion products from three CFPPs and one WIPP. The results indicate that the contents of chlorinated PAHs (Cl-PAHs) in the fly ash from the CFPPs and WIPP were 1.06-1.67 ng·g -1 and 2.76 ng·g -1 , respectively, and the contents of brominated PAHs (Br-PAHs) in the fly ash from the CFPPs and WIPP were 26.4-44.2 ng·g -1 and 6.31 ng·g -1 , respectively. The HPAH contents in the fly ash from the WIPP were significantly higher than those from the CFPPs primarily due to the abundant plastics in the domestic waste, represented by polyvinyl chloride, resulting in the formation of Cl-PAHs during combustion. The HPAH contents in the fly ash from the pulverized coal-fired (PC) boiler were significantly higher than those from the circulating fluidized bed (CFB) boiler mostly due to the higher combustion temperature operated in the PC boiler. The HPAHs in the fly ash from coal combustion were predominantly 7-BrBaA and 9-ClPhe, and those from domestic combustion were predominantly 9-BrPhe and 2-ClAnt. In addition, the contents of 7-BrBaA and 9,10-Br 2 Ant in the coal combustion fly ash were significantly higher than those in domestic waste combustion fly ash, whereas 2-BrFle exhibited a contrasting profile. The content of Br-PAHs in the fly ash treated by semi-dry deacidification was twice that in dust removal fly ash but significantly increased in the chelating agent stabilization fly ash. The Pearson correlation analysis indicated the the formation mechanism of Cl-PAHs and Br-PAHs were the same but a secondary formation of HPAHs during the chelating agent stabilization of the fly ash was deduced. The TEQ values of the HPAHs in the fly ash (8.87×10 -3 -15.0×10 -3 ng·g -1 ) from the WIPP were similar to those in the fly ash from the CFPPs (10.0×10 -3 ng·g -1 ), which were significantly reduced in the fly ash treated by semi-dry deacidification due to the removal of 7-BrBaA. Moreover, the TEQ values of the HPAHs in the fly ash increased 5.4 times after the chelating agent stabilization. The ecological risk should be considered for the CFPP fly ash due to their massive amount of discharge and high TEQ values.

Diaporthe sp. fungi is one of the important sources of active natural products. Polyketides, alkaloids, terpenes, anthraquinones and other types of novel metabolic products are found from this genus, and many of them have significant anti-tumor, antibacterial, anti-hyperlipidemia, inhibition of pulmonary fibrosis, antioxidant and other biological activities. This paper reviewed source, structure and biological activity of natural products from Diaporthe sp. in the past two decades, and provided a reference for in-depth study of natural product of this genus fungus and innovative drug development.

Objective: To explore susceptibility genes for autism spectrum disorders (ASD)., Methods: Whole-exome sequencing was carried out for 60 family trios affected with sporadic ASD. Genetic variants discovered in over 10% of the patients were selected for genotype-phenotype correlation and pathway enrichment analysis using Phenolyzer software and metascape database. Combining gene-phenotypic scores, pathway-related genes associated with neural and neurite triggering were screened for the candidates., Results: A total of 170 common variants were found to be associated with the ASD phenotype. Among these, there was only one high-confidence gene [SHANK2(0.8146)] and four medium-confidence genes [ERBB2(0.1322), LAMC3(0.1117), PPFIA4(0.1059), DISC1(0.1002)]. Twenty-pathways and four biological processes were found to be statistically significant by pathway enrichment analysis, which included neuron projection morphogenesis (GO: 0048812), regulation of neuroblast proliferation (GO: 1902692), modulation of excitatory postsynaptic potential (GO: 0098815), and dendrite morphogenesis (GO: 0048813). Twenty-one genes were found to be closely associated with neurological and neurite triggering, among which only SHANK2, ERBB2, and DISC1 had above-medium confidence correlation scores with the ASD phenotypes., Conclusion: Abnormal neuron projection morphogenesis (GO: 0048812) may be closely related to the occurrence of ASD. SHANK2, ERBB2, and DISC1 are susceptibility genes for ASD.

Examining the effects of silicon fertilizer on the yield of double-cropping rice and the leaching loss of soil nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) could provide a basis for the optimization of formula fertilizer and the comprehensive control technique of agricultural surface source pollution in typical double cropping paddy field. A field experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of silicon fertilizer of 0, 750, 1500, 2250 and 3000 kg·hm -2 (T 0 , T 1 , T 2 , T 3 , T 4 ) on yield and N and P absorption of double-cropping rice, dynamics of N and P in the field surface water, soil available silicon, organic matter, alkali nitrogen and available phosphorus under the fixed nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers. The results showed that compared with control (T 0 ), the silicon fertilizer increased the yield of early and late rice by 2.2%-30.4% and 3.9%-9.2%, respectively, enhanced rice N accumulation increased by 2.4%-47.3%, rice P accumulation by 2.2%-41.3%, straw N accumulation by 0.4%-28.3%, and straw P accumulation by 5.1%-31.0%. On the first day after fertilization, the total nitrogen (TN) content in the surface water was decreased by 3.4%-28.8% in silicon treatments compared with T 0 , the ammonium nitrogen (NH 4 + -N), total phosphorus (TP) and total soluble phosphorus (TDP) was decreased by 10.4%-25.6%, 25.5%-29.2%, 30.8%-38.0%, respectively. 45 days later, TP and TDP contents in the field surface water were significantly higher than T 0 . The silicon fertilizer treatment was beneficial to increase soil silicon level, contents of organic matter and alkali nitrogen of the double cropping rice, among which the T 1 treatment performed the best. Soil available phosphorus showed a decreasing trend with the increasing silicon fertilizer.

Phylogeny has been widely used to quantify community phylogenetic structure and to infer the underlying mechanism. Many studies, however, neglected phylogeny uncertainty and its potential impact on community phylogenetic structure. In this study, we explored the potential impact of phylogenetic uncertainty among 150 species in a 20 hm 2 plot in Tiantong, Zhejiang. One consensus tree and 999 phylogenetic trees representing the phylogenetic uncertainty were estimated based on two cpDNA fragments (rbcL and matK). Combined with the species distribution data, community phylogenetic structure was quantified by two common indices (NRI and NTI) and their significances were tested by the independent swap null model. Our results showed that tree topology and node age showed a large uncertainty. The uncertainty was larger for young species and significantly increased with mean phylogenetic distance. Phylogenetic uncertainty increased the variation of both standardized NRI and NTI in each quadrat. These impacts were independent between both indices in either spatial pattern or the degree of impact. NRI was more sensitive than NTI to the uncertainty. At community scale, phylogenetic uncertainty also affected the variation of the mean standardized NRI and NTI of all quadrats, with mean standard deviation of 0.37 and 0.077, respectively. Such a result suggests that mean standardized NRI at community level was more vulnerable to the phylogenetic uncertainty, which is consistent with the result at the sample level. Our findings showed that phylogenetic uncertainty could add different variation into the NRI and NTI series indices and might increase biases in the quantification of community phylogenetic structure and its underlying ecological processes. Our results implied that non-random community phylogenetic structure was probably overestimated in the previous studies which ignored phylogenetic uncertainty.

Objective: To investigate the effect of Sijunzi decoction polysaccharide( SJZDP) on intestinal epithelial cells( IEC-6)cell migration and polyamine signaling pathway potassium channel during intestinal epithelial cell migration, and to explore the mechanism of SJZDP on promoting gastrointestinal mucosal restitution after wounding., Methods: Cell migration model was established by scratch damage, and then the effect of SJZDP normal cultured or with difluoromethylornithine( DFMO) and 4-aminopyridine( 4-AP) on IEC-6 cell migration was observed and calculated on this wounding model. The effect of SJZDP on expression of IEC-6 cell kv1. 1 mRNA and protein levels were detected by RT-q PCR and Western blot analysis, respectively. The Effects of SJZDP on IEC-6 cell membrane potential were detected by flow cytometry., Results: The results showed that treatment with SJZDP( 40,80,160 mg / L) caused a promotion of IEC-6 cell migration,and increased of expression of in IEC-6 cell kv1. 1 mRNA and protein significantly( P < 0. 05 or P < 0. 01) compared with normal control group. In addition, SJZDP( 40,80,160 mg / L) increased cell membrane potential which resulted in cell membrane hyperpolarization compared with normal control group( P < 0. 05 or P < 0. 01). SJZDP( 40,80,160 mg / L) reversed the inhibition of cell migration was reduced,kv1. 1 mRNA,kv1. 1 protein expression, and cell membrane potential were decreased by polyamines synthesis inhibitor DFMO compared with DFMO model group( P < 0. 05 or P < 0. 01). SJZDP( 20,40,80 mg / L) reversed the inhibition of cell migration,kv1. 1 protein and mRNA levels expression were decreased by potassium channel inhibitor 4-AP compared with 4-AP model group( P < 0. 05 or P < 0. 01)., Conclusion: These results indicate that the effect of SJZDP on promoting IEC-6 cell migration may be related to its influence on polyamine signaling pathway potassium channel and cell membrane potential.

Objective: To study the chemical constituents from Periploca forrestii., Methods: The constituents were separated by column chromatography and their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods., Results: Seven compounds were isolated from Periploca forrestii and identified as wogonin( 1),negletein( 2),vanilline( 3),isovanilline( 4),periplocoside L( 5),β-sitosterol( 6) and β-daucosterol( 7)., Conclusion: Compounds 1 and 2 are obtained from this genus for the first time,and compounds 3 ~ 5 are isolated from this plant for the first time.

Objective: To study the metabolism of high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and apolipoprotein A-I (ApoA-I) in different thyroid function status during pregnancy., Methods: This study recruited thirty cases of euthyroid, with nineteen cases of subclinical hypothyroid and eight cases of subclinical hyperthyroid pregnancy. The concentrations of fasting serum HDL-C and ApoA-I were detected and analyzed from 9-12, 14-17, 23-26, and 37-40 gestational weeks. Friedman repeated measures ANOVA on ranks was adopted to analyze the changes of serum HDL-C and ApoA-I at different stages. General linear model (GLM) was adopted to analyze the differences of serum HDL-C and ApoA-I in different thyroid function status during pregnancy., Results: There were no significant differences of maternal serum HDL-C among different stages (χ² = 5.428,P=0.143, χ² = 2.027,P=0.567, χ² = 2.885,P=0.410). There were significant differences of serum ApoA-I during euthyroid and subclinical hypothyroid pregnancies (χ² = 46.343, P<0.001, χ² = 35.984, P<0.001), and no significant difference during subclinical hyperthyroid pregnancy (χ² = 6.750, P=0.080). There were significant differences of serum HDL-C and ApoA-I between euthyroid and subclinical hyperthyroid pregnancies (P=0.025,P=0.027), and no significant differences between euthyroid and subclinical hypothyroid pregnancies (P=0.378,P=0.549)., Conclusion: Subclinical hyperthyroidism affected the metabolism of maternal serum HDL-C and ApoA-I, which could affect the fetal growth and development. Subclinical hypothyroidism (after treatment with drugs) had no obvious effect on the metabolism of maternal serum HDL-C and ApoA-I.

Objective: To explore the relationship between the behavior phenotypes of patients with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and their parents through family study., Methods: Forty-five core families with ASD and 30 control families from Chengdu area were examined using Autism Spectrum Quotient (AQ). Descriptive statistical analysis, correlation analysis, and Logistic regression analysis were used to investigate the effect of various factors, especially genetic factors that may affect the pathogenesis of ASD., Results: The social skills factor and communication factor of the father's AQ scale, as well as the mother's age of childbearing and AQ social skills factor are related to whether children with ASD (R were 0.46, 0.39, 0.39 and 0.36, P<0.05). The communication factor of the parents' AQ and mother's attention to detail factor are related to whether children will show developmental anomaly before the age of 36 months (R were 0.55, 0.51 and 0.54, P<0.05). The social skill problems of parents and father's communication problems are risk factors for children with autism., Conclusion: ASD may be influenced by both genetic and environmental factors. The autistic behavior phenotype of parents is a risk factor for ASD and is associated with developmental anomalies of early childhood.

In this paper, total of 5170 flue-cured tobacco samples collected from 2003 to 2012 in the domestic and foreign origin by Shanghai Tobacco Group Technical Center were tested by near infrared spectroscopy, including the typical upper leaves 1394, central 2550, the lower part of 1226. Using projection model of based on principal component and Fisher criterion (PPF), follow the projected results to get no statistically significant differences at adjacent principal components, and the number of principal components as little as possible, in this paper, four main components to build projection analysis model, the model results show that: the near-infrared spectral characteristics of the upper and lower leaves have a significant difference that can be achieved almost entirely distinguished; while the middle leaves with upper and lower have a certain degree of overlap, which is consistent to the actual situation of the continuity of tobacco leaf. At the same time, Euclidean distance between the predicted sample projection values and the mean projection values of each class in the model, a description is given for the prediction samples to quantify the extent of the site features, and its first and second close categories. Using the dispersion of projected values in model and the given threshold value, prediction results can be refined into typically upper, upper to central, central to upper, typical central, central to the lower, the lower to central, typically the lower, or super-model range. The model was validated by 34 tobacco samples obtained from the re-drying process in 2012 with different origins and parts. This kind of analysis methods, not only can achieve discriminant analysis, and get richer feature attribute information, can provide guidance on the raw tobacco processing and formulations.

In the present paper, a total of 4,733 flue-cured tobacco samples collected from 2003 to 2012 in 17 provincial origins and 5 ecological areas were tested by near infrared spectroscopy, including the NONG(Luzhou) flavor 1,580 cartons, QING (Fen) flavor 2004 cartons and Intermediate flavor 1 149 cartons. Using projection model based on principal component and Fisher criterion (PPF), Projection analysis models of tobacco ecological regions and style characteristics were established. Reasonableness of style flavor division is illustrated by the model results of tobacco ecological areas. With the Euclidean distance between the predicted sample projection values and the mean projection values of each class in style characteristics model, a description is given for the prediction samples to quantify the extent of the style features, and their first and second close categories. Using the dispersion of projected values in model and the given threshold value, prediction results can be refined into typical NONG, NONG to Intermediate, Intermediate to NONG, typical Intermediate, Intermediate to QING, QING to Intermediate, typical QING, QING to NONG, NONG to QING, or super-model range. The model was validated by 35 tobacco samples obtained from the re-dryingprocess in 2012 with different origins and parts. This kind of analysis methods not only can achieve discriminant analysis, but also can get richer feature attribute information and provide guidance to raw tobacco processing and formulations.

Objective: To compare the safety and efficacy of totally laparoscopic distal gastrectomy (TLDG) with laparoscopic assisted distal gastrectomy (LADG) for gastric cancer by meta-analysis., Methods: The literature on comparative studies of TLDG and LADG up to June 2014 were extensively retrieved from database PubMed, Cochrane library, Web of Science, and Biosis Previews. The operation time, blood loss, time to flatus, time to first oral intake, postoperative hospital stay, postoperative morbidity, times of analgestic requirement, pain score, and the level of C-reactive protein (CRP) on postoperative day 1 and 7 were analyzed. The statistical analysis was performed with RevMan 5.1 software., Results: Seven studies met the inclusion criteria for meta-analysis. A total of 1783 Patients were included for meta-analysis, among whom 727 cases underwent TLDG and 1056 underwent LADG. Comparing with LADG, TLDG experienced less blood loss [weighted mean difference (WMD)=22.86 ml，95% confidence interval (CI): 12.0-33.72, P<0.01)], less times of analgesic requirement (WMD=0.58, 95% CI: 0.35-0.81, P< 0.01)，less pain score on postoperative day 1 and day 3 (day1: WMD=0.60, 95% CI: 0.20-0.99, P < 0.01; day3: WMD=0.36, 95% CI: 0.24-0.48, P < 0.01), earlier beginning to take diet (WMD=0.66, 95% CI: 0.13-1.19, P=0.01). The operation time, postoperative hospital stay, overall morbidity and anastomosis-related morbidity, and the level of CRP on postoperative day 1 and 7 were similar between two groups (Ps>0.05)., Conclusion: TLDG is a safe and feasible procedure with less blood loss, less pain, and quicker recovery than those of LADG.

Objective: To explore the efficacies and toxicities in multiple myeloma (MM) patients on the maintenance therapies of thalidomide and interferon-α so as to seek the optimal chemotherapeutic regimen., Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted for 57 MM patients on the maintenance therapies of thalidomide and interferon-α after introduction and consolidation. And 56 MM patients without maintenance therapy were enrolled as the control group., Results: The values of progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were significantly longer in the maintenance group and this translated into an improved estimated 3-year PFS of 75.4% (71.8%, 83.3%) versus 23.2% in the control group (P < 0.01). The estimated 4-year OS was higher in the maintenance group [89.5% (89.7%, 88.9%) vs 33.9%, P < 0.01]. No statistically significant differences existed among different maintenance groups in terms of PFS and OS. The administration of maintenance therapy extended both PFS and OS for MM patients of various M-proteins (P < 0.05). However, in the thalidomide group, PFS and OS were extended only in MM of immunoglobulin G (IgG) and immunoglobulin A (IgA) but not in light-chain patients. Furthermore, the MM patients of Durie-Salmon (DS) stages II and III and international staging system (ISS) stages II and III extended PFS and OS through maintenance (P < 0.05). While in those of ISS stage I, the differences were insignificant in terms of PFS and OS between two groups. The results were similar between the thalidomide and control groups. The patients achieving a partial remission (PR) or higher response level benefited from the maintenance therapy in terms of PFS and OS (P < 0.05). In the thalidomide group, the patients with below PR prolonged OS (P = 0.031) but did not achieve a longer PFS (P = 0.091). Both PFS and OS were extended through maintenance therapy after either stem cell transplantation or consolidation chemotherapies (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in terms of PFS and OS between MM patients without maintenance therapy after transplantation and those without transplantation. The adverse effects of thalidomide, milder than those of interferon-α, could be tolerated in most patients. The incidence and severity of adverse effects showed no significant difference between the combination maintenance and single agent therapies., Conclusion: The maintenance therapies of thalidomide and interferon-α could improve the profiles of PFS and OS in MM patients. And there was no significant difference between them in terms of PFS and OS. However, the maintenance therapy of thalidomide is a better option due to its convenient application, milder adverse effects, reasonable cost and better efficacies in MM patients not achieving PR or receiving induction therapy without bortezomib or without transplantation.

Objective: To measure such operative parameters of unipedicular kyphoplasty as optimal entry point, angle and depth so as to provide rationales for its clinical management and formulate a standardized protocol for unipedicular vertebroplasty., Methods: Ten dry thoracolumbar specimens were prepared for measurement. The entry and target points were defined according to the Roy-Camille method. A 3mm Kirschner wire was used to puncture and view in the anteroposterior and lateral aspects of radiography until a satisfying position. The outside oblique and upward oblique angles were measured on the radiographic pictures. After extraction, the depth of Kirschner wire was measured. The positions of entry point were changed and the largest upward oblique angle and largest declination angle measured on the radiographic pictures., Results: For safe puncturing, as the outside oblique and upward oblique angles enlarged from T(11) to L(3), the length enlarged from T(11) to T(12) and L(1) to L(3). The accepted error was that the largest upward oblique angle and largest declination angle enlarged from T(11) to L(3). The alteration range for outside oblique angle was extremely narrow., Conclusion: The experimental results provide the guiding data for the operative management of unipedicular thoracolumbar vertebroplasty. If the pedicle is too small or the angle too narrow, the operative sophistication of vertebroplasty will be highly demanding.

The characteristics of macrozoobenthic assemblages and their relationship with aquatic environmental factors in the 29 streams of the Lake Dianchi (LD) watershed in the wet season were studied. Biosurveys of macrozoobenthic assemblages during July and August 2009, as well as 17 mensal aquatic physicochemical parameters from September 2008 to August 2009 were carried out at 29 sampling sites. The objectives were to demonstrate the characteristics of macrozoobenthic assemblages in streams of the LD watershed in the wet season, to identify the key aquatic environmental factors affecting these assemblages, and to investigate the relationship of spatial patterns between the Shannon-Weaver diversity index of the assemblages and the assessment of aquatic environmental quality. Results identified 3 divisions, 7 families, and 8 genera of macrozoobenthos, including 4 families and 5 genera of Annelida, 2 families and 2 genera of Mollusca, and 1 family and 1 genus of Arthropoda. Among these, Limnodrilus (Annelida) , a tolerant species, was the dominant genus. TN, NH4(+)-N, TP, and DO were the key aquatic environmental factors affecting the macrozoobenthic assemblages, respectively 2.03-32.00, 0.34-26.66, 0.09-3.20, and 0.10-6.80 mg/L. The spatial patterns of the Shannon-Weaver diversity index of macrozoobenthic assemblages and the assessments of aquatic environmental quality were both greatest in the streams flowing into the east LD (Luolonghe, Laoyuhe, and Nanchonghe rivers), followed by those flowing into the south LD (Yunihe, Laochaihe, Baiyuhe, Cixianghe, Dongdahe, Zhonghe and Guchenghe rivers), and least in those flowing into the north LD (Wangjiaduiqu, Xinyunlianghe, Laoyunlianghe, Wulonghe, Daguanhe, Xibahe, Chuanfanghe, Cailianhe, Jinjiahe, Panlongjiang, Daqinghe, Haihe, Liujiabaoxianghe, Xiaoqinghe, Wujiabaoxianghe, Xiabahe, Laobaoxianghe, Xinbaoxianghe, and Maliaohe rivers).

The high expression of tissue factor (TF) is related to the coagulation disorder in acute leukemia. TF in blood circulation is mainly expressed in cells, microparticles (MP) and alternatively spliced human tissue factor (asHTF). To elucidate the role of TF in the coagulation disorder of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), RT-PCR was performed on 6 common AML cell lines NB4, HL-60, Kasumi-1, U937, K562 and THP-1. The results showed that only NB4 and U937 cells expressed baseline full-length TF and asHTF which were proved by sequencing. The flow cytometric detection, TF activity and TF antigen tests in NB4 and U937 cells revealed that the asHTF was expressed in trace amount and almost had no activity, while the TF antigen and activity in microparticles were significantly higher than that in asHTF. It is concluded that asHTF may play an unimportant role in the coagulation disorder of AML. Microparticle associated tissue factor (MP-TF) is the predominant source of TF activity released from AML cells.

Based on the paired full-sib individuals selected from the established resource populations of Sutai pig that were characterized as resistant or sensitive to ETEC F18, Agilent double labeled cDNA microarray was used to identify the gene expression profiles in duodenum on purpose of investigating the genes related to Escherichia coli F18 receptor, which may cause edema disease and post-weaning diarrhea in piglets, as well as exploring the molecular mechanism about the differences involved in two different lineages. The results showed that thirteen differently expressed genes were found in one matched group including sensitive ones with GG genotype comparing with resistant ones with AA genotype at a two-fold filter, where there were 6 up-regulated genes and 7 down-regulated genes. In the other matched group composed of sensitive ones with AG genotype, 4 up-regulated genes and 2 down-regulated genes, 6 in total were screened out. GO analy-sis revealed that the differently expressed genes participated in many biological processes, such as immune response, ex-tracellular region, bacterial binding, response to external stimulus and so on. Meanwhile, these genes were mainly related to the Glycan Biosynthesis and Metabolism and Immune System pathways. Actually, the roles that they may play in edema disease and post-weaning diarrhea need further study and verification.

Objective: To clone the mouse testis specific gene TSEG-2 via a bioinformatic approach., Methods: The expressed sequence tags (EST) in the normal mouse testis were obtained from the online EST database ZooDDD. Their highly homologous EST sequences were retrieved through the dbEST database to construct contigs and spliced with the biomedical software Biolign. The corresponding exons and introns within the genome sequences were predicted with the software GeneScan. Primers were designed according to the open reading frame. RT-PCR was applied in cloning the cDNA of the novel gene from the mouse testis tissue and analyzing its expression patterns in the undescended testis and various organ tissues as well as in different developmental stages of the mouse testis. The sequencing results of TSEG-2 underwent bioinformatic analyses., Results: The novel mouse testis gene TSEG-2 was successfully cloned, with full-length sequence of 451 bp. The open reading frame was 267 bp, coding a protein of 88 amino acid residues, and demonstrated to be correct by RT-PCR. The expression of TSEG-2 was high in the mouse testis, regular in the testis cDNA samples of different postnatal days, and down-regulated in the cryptorchidism model. No obvious homology with other mouse cDNA was found for TSEG-2. The GenBank accession number EU079025 was achieved. Function prediction showed that mouse TSEG-2 was probably a soluble non-secretary protein located at chromosome 15qE3, or a nucleoprotein with 2 phosphorylation sites of protein kinase C (PKC) and 1 of casein kinase II (CK2)., Conclusion: A novel mouse testis specific gene TSEG-2 was successfully cloned, which could be down-regulated by cryptorchidism-inducible 17-beta estradiol. This has prepared the ground for further researches on the biological function and expression regulation of TSEG-2.

This study is to explore the inhibitory effect of methyl jasmonate on cell proliferation and expression of XIAP and survivin of human neuroblastoma cell line BE(2)-C. After cultivation of 1 - 2 mmol x L(-1) jasmonates with BE (2) -C cells for 6 - 24 h, the growth inhibiting rates of BE (2) -C cells were studied by MTT colorimetry. Cell proliferation was detected by colony formation assay. Cell cycle phases were assayed by propidium iodide staining flow cytometery. Cell apoptosis was inspected by acridine orange-ethidium bromide fluorescent staining, Hoechst 33258 fluorescent staining, and Annexin V-FITC and propidium iodide staining flow cytometry. Expressions of cyclin D1, XIAP and survivin were determined by RT-PCR and real-time RT-PCR. Methyl jasmonate inhibited the growth of BE(2)-C cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. After addition of 1, 1.5 and 2 mmol x L(-1) of methyl jasmonate for 24 h, the inhibiting rates of cell growth reached 20.6% - 85.5% (P < 0.01), and the IC50 was 1.35 mmol x L(-1). The cell cycles were arrested at S phase. A part of cells presented the characteristic morphological changes of apoptosis. The early apoptotic rates were 13.51%, 17.32%, 24.59% (P < 0.01) and the cell death rates were 29.36% , 54.73% , 75.52% (P < 0.01), respectively. The expression of XIAP and survivin mRNA were downregulated by 18.5% - 68.9% , 22.4% - 48.7% (P < 0.05), respectively, without change in that of cyclin D1. The results indicated that methyl jasmonate could significantly inhibit the growth of BE(2) -C cells through inducing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, downregulating the expression of XIAP and survivin might be one of its molecular mechanisms of action.

The expressed sequence tags (ESTs) of normal mouse testis were obtained from online EST database ZooDDD. Their highly homologous EST sequences were found through the dbEST database to construct contigs, and spliced by the biomedical software Biolign. The corresponding exons and introns within genome sequences were predicted by software GeneScan. According to the open reading frame, the primers were designed. RT-PCR was applied in the cloning of novel gene from mouse testis and analyzing its expression pattern in various mouse tissues. The bioinformatics analysis on the sequencing results of TSEG-1 was conducted. Results indicated that a novel gene TSEG-1 was cloned from 1 668-2 011 kb of mouse X chromosome, with full-length sequence of 510 bp. The open reading frame (ORF) is 336 bp in length and en-codes a deduced amino acid sequence of 111 residues. The molecular weight of TSEG-1 protein is 12.84258 kDa, and its pI is 11.4000. RT-PCR demonstrated the correctness of its ORF. TSEG-1 was distinctively expressed in testis, but not in other tissues of mouse. No obvious homology with other mouse cDNA was found for TSEG-1. The GenBank accession number EU079024 was achieved. It was predicted that TSEG-1 is a kind of transmembrane protein, and the transmembrane domain is from 41 amino acid residue to 61 amino acid residue. Blastn analysis revealed its high homology to human testis-specific gene H2AX. Computational prediction of the 5'-untranslated region of TSEG-1 gene revealed a 680 bp-length promoter region. There are four antigen binding sites and two phosphorylation sites of specific protein kinase in TSEG-1 protein, with subcellular localization in mitochondria. The cloning of mouse testis specific gene TSEG-1 laid a foundation for subsequent research of its biological function and expression regulation.

Expressed sequence tags (EST) are short, randomly selected single-pass nucleotide sequence reads derived from cDNA libraries and represent a small part of a gene. Along with the development of bioinformatics and genetic localization, EST has already become a powerful tool for mapping, cloning and expression profiling of genes. Recently, because of the fast distension of EST databases, application of EST in gene mapping and cloning leads to revolutionary change in the strategies for cloning of novel genes. Despite of some insufficiencies, it has been proved that EST could promote the discovery and research of novel genes. In this article, an introduction about EST, especially EST-based strategies for cloning of novel genes will be given in details.

Objective: To investigate the mechanism of carbapenem resistance in Enterobacter cloacae., Methods: A carbapenem-resistant strain of E. cloacae (strain ZY1465) was isolated. Antibiotic susceptibilities were determined by agar dilution method. Conjugation experiments were carried out in mixed broth cultures. Plasmid DNA preparations were obtained by using an alkaline lysis technique and were digested by various endonucleases; The crude beta-lactamase extracts of E. cloacae and E. coli transconjugant were subjected to analytical isoelectric focusing (IEF). Specific PCR amplification and DNA sequence analysis were preformed to confirm the beta-lactamase type. Outer membrane proteins (OMPs) were isolated and examined by urea-sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis., Results: The E. cloacae isolate showed resistance against carbapenems. The MICs of imipenem and meropenem were both 32 microg/ml. The isolate was also resistant strongly against penicillins, cephalosporins, cefoxitin, aztreonam, quinolones, and aminoglycosides. Conjugation studies with E. coli resulted in the transfer of reduced carbapenem susceptibility from E. cloacae isolate. Plasmid restriction analysis showed identical restriction profiles between the transconjugants of E. cloacae ZY1465 and Serratia marcescens ZN008. Isoelectric focusing demonstrated six beta-lactamases, with the isoelectric points (pIs) of 5.4, 6.7, 7.3, 7.8, 7.9, and 8.6, in E. cloacae ZY1465, and only one beta-lactamase with the pI of 6.7 in transconjugant. Specific PCR amplification and DNA sequence analysis confirmed that E. cloacae ZY1465 harbored TEM-1, KPC-2, DHA-1, CTX-M-14, CTX-M-3 and chromosomal AmpC (not detected in IEF) genes. Urea-SDS-PAGE analysis of OMPs showed that E. cloacae ZY1465 lacked an OMP of approximately 38 000 Da which was present in E. cloacae ATCC13047., Conclusion: It is the first detection of plasmid-mediated carbapenem-hydrolyzing beta-lactamase KPC-2 in a clinical isolate of E. cloacae from China. Production of multiple beta-lactamases, especially KPC-2 and loss of an OMP in E. cloacae ZY1465 result in resistance to carbapenems.

Objective: To investigate the chemical constituents in the ethyl acerate extract of Lysimachia fortunei., Method: The compounds were isolated by silica gel chromatography, and their structures were elucidated by NMR data and references., Result: Nine natural constituents were isolated, and their structures were identified as 9, 19-cyclolanost-24-en-3-one (1), 24-ethyl-5alpha-cholesta-7, 22(E)-dien-3-one (2), 1-pentatriacontanol (3), beta-stigmasterol (4), 24-ethyl-5alpha-cholesta-7, 22(E)-dien-3beta-ol (5), palmitic acid (6), isorhamnetin (7), kaempferol (8) and quercetin (9) respectively., Conclusion: All compounds mentioned above were isolated from this plant for the first time, and compound 1, 2 and 5 were obtained from the genus for the first time.

Objective: To investigate the minimal invasiveness of laparoscopic operation for colorectal carcinoma., Methods: Forty cases with pathologically proven colorectal carcinoma were divided into laparoscopic group (n=20) and open surgical group (n=20). Perioperative alterations of peripheral blood IL-6, IL-8, TNF-alpha, CRP, sICAM-1 and WBC CD11b were compared between the two groups. TNF-alpha, IL- 6, IL- 8 and sICAM-1 were determined by ELISA, CRP by scattered radiation turbidity comparison and WBC CD11b by flow cytometry with monoclonal antibody PS- CD11b, M2Ab., Results: The postoperative cytokine levels of TNF-alpha, IL-6 and IL-8 in open surgery group were significantly higher than those in laparoscopic group (P< 0.05). Dynamic level of sICAM-1 at 6 and 24 hours after operation in open surgery group were significantly higher than those in laparoscopic group. Peripheral WBC CD11b decreased to the lowest level at 6 hours after operation in open surgery group,significantly lower than that in laparoscopic group (P< 0.05)., Conclusion: Laparoscopic surgery for colorectal carcinoma exerts less effects on patients than traditional open surgery, and can maintain patients defense function,therefore it is less invasive.

A high performance liquid chromatographic method was developed for the determination of ligustrazine in human plasma. The chromatographic separation was performed on a Luna C18 column (150 mm x 4.6 mm i.d., 5 microm) at column temperature of 40 degrees C. The mobile phase, a mixture of methanol-acetonitrile-acetate buffer of pH 5.0 (50:8:42, v/v), was delivered at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. The detection wavelength was 280 nm. Plasma samples were prepared with a C8 solid-phase extraction column. Linearity was confirmed in the mass concentration range of 25-5000 microg/L with the correlation coefficient of 0.9999. The extraction recovery of ligustrazine ranged from 96.72% to 100.90%. The relative standard deviations (RSDs) of intra- and inter-day assay at the mass concentrations of 50, 500 and 3000 microg/L were less than 8.64% and the accuracies were between 99.59%-103.26%. The limit of detection (LOD) was 10 microg/L. The results of this method validation satisfactorily meet the acceptance criteria of bioanalysis and the method is applicable to the pharmacokinetic studies of ligustrazine in human beings.