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Copyright of Inorganic Chemicals Industry is the property of Editorial Office of Inorganic Chemicals Industry and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

为帮助食品生产商和消费者选择适用于不同应用途径的黄油，并为生产更受消费者喜爱的黄油替代品提供理论支持，选取了11个国家的黄油并提取黄油乳脂，对黄油及黄油乳脂的理化性质进行了系统的比较评价。结果表明：11个国家黄油中的脂肪、水分、蛋白质含量和滑动熔点分别为82.97%～86.40%、12.84%～16.14%、0.45%～0.78%、31.5～33.9 ℃，酸值（KOH）和过氧化值分别不超过0.32 mg/g、0.029 g/100 g。中国黄油的L值最高（86.87），而新西兰黄油的b值最高（35.28）。所有黄油共检出29种脂肪酸和42种甘油三酯，蛋白质主要由αs1-酪蛋白、 β-酪蛋白、κ-酪蛋白、α-乳白蛋白和Adipophilin组成。爱尔兰黄油的不饱和脂肪酸含量最高（35.65%），固体脂肪含量（SFC）较低，而美国、荷兰和澳大利亚黄油的饱和脂肪酸和SFC含量较高。不同国家的黄油和黄油乳脂的晶体均为均匀精细的球晶，其中美国黄油和黄油乳脂的晶体均呈现部分聚集，且绝大多数晶体主要由β′型晶体组成。质地和流变学分析表明，爱尔兰黄油和黄油乳脂的硬度最低，所有黄油和黄油乳脂都表现出良好的黏弹性和剪切变稀性能。综上，不同国家黄油在基本理化性质、脂肪酸和甘油酯组成、SFC及硬度等方面存在差异，在食品工业中需要根据成品、加工工艺等有针对性地选择黄油，在新型人造奶油的构建中，也可依据各黄油特点进行定向研究。For assisting both food producers and consumers to select butter for specific application, and providing support for the production of butter alternatives with enhanced consumer acceptability, butters from eleven countries were collected and butter oils were extracted. The physicochemical properties of butters and butter oils were comparatively evaluated. The results showed that the contents of fat, moisture, protein and melting point of butters were in the ranges of 82.97%-86.40%, 12.84%-16.14%, 0.45%-0.78% and 31.5-33.9 ℃ respectively, the acid value and peroxide value did not exceed 0.32 mgKOH/g and 0.029 g/100 g, respectively. The L value of China butter was the highest (86.87), while b value of New Zealand butter was the highest (35.28). A total of 29 fatty acids and 42 triglycerides were detected in all butters, and the proteins were mainly composed of αs1-casein, β-casein, κ-casein, α-lactalbumin, and Adipophilin. Ireland butter had the highest content of unsaturated fatty acids (35.65%) and lower solid fat content (SFC), while butters from America, Netherlands and Australia had higher contents of saturated fatty acids and higher SFC. The crystals of butters and butter oils from different countries were all uniform and fine spherical crystals, in which the crystals of American butter and butter oil were partially aggregated, and the majority of crystals were mainly composed of β′ crystal. The texture and rheological analysis showed that Ireland butter and butter oil exhibited the lowest hardness, and all butters and butter oils exhibited good viscoelastic and shear thinning. In conclusion, there are differences in the basic physicochemical properties, fatty acid and glyceride compositions, SFC, and hardness of butter from different countries. In the food industry, targeted selection of butter is required based on products, processing techniques, etc. In the construction of new types of margarine, targeted research can also be conducted based on the characteristics of butters.

High temperature gas cooled reactor is an advanced type of reactor with fourth generation characteristics, and the core uses fuel elements composed of TRISO fuel particles. Among them, 35 μm thick 3c-SiC coating layer is a key layer for resistance of internal pressure, preventing the release of fission products, and efficiently conducting core heat energy, and is one of the key barriers to ensure safety. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the defects of 3c-SiC materials and the changes in 3c-SiC defects after irradiation using thermoluminescence (TL) method. Based on the theoretical analysis of intrinsic defects and impurity related defects in the preparation process of SiC materials, the luminescence properties of 3c-SiC materials were experimentally studied using gamma ray irradiation and TL analysis. The TL luminescence intensity of SiC crystal materials increases with increasing irradiation dose. The luminescence peak after irradiation can be described by the TL second-order kinetic equation. Its intrinsic defect concentration can be characterized by the 390 ℃ luminescence peak of TL. In the irradiation environment, downloading energy particles causes Si and C atoms to deviate from the crystal lattice position, resulting in point defects such as supersaturated vacancies, interstitial ions, and misaligned atoms, which are manifested as an additional luminescence peak of 194.5 ℃ approximately. TL is a good method for characterizing defects and analyzing radiation performance of SiC materials. 1 600 ℃ is the ideal deposition temperature for SiC materials. It has good reference value for studying the defects and performance analysis of SiC coating layers, and has certain reference significance for characterizing the performance of SiC coating layers before and after irradiation.

Copyright of Atomic Energy Science & Technology is the property of Editorial Board of Atomic Energy Science & Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Bulletin of the Chinese Ceramic Society is the property of Bulletin of the Chinese Ceramic Society Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In recent years, antimonide infrared technology has developed rapidly and has become one of the important development directions of semiconductor technology. Gallium antimonide (GaSb), as a typical III-V compound semiconductor, has become a key substrate material for antimonide infrared optoelectronics due to its excellent properties. The demand for GaSb wafers is increasing, and higher requirements are also put forward with the maturing and application of antimonide infrared technology. The properties of epitaxial materials and devices are directly affected by substrate quality, so that GaSb substrates are required to have the characteristics of large size, lower defect density, better surface quality and consistency. The properties, growth methods, research progress at home and abroad, as well as applications of GaSb crystal are reviewed in this paper, and the development prospects are also analyzed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Precious Metals / Guijinshu is the property of Precious Metals Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

By borrowing the four gems in the “Treasure Hid in Chinese Poetry” and introducing their main components, functions and chemical principles in a personified way, the readers can understand the preciousness of the four gems and the chemical knowledge contained in the interesting reading. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Piezoelectrics & Acoustooptics is the property of Piezoelectric & Acoustooptic and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Inorganic Chemicals Industry is the property of Editorial Office of Inorganic Chemicals Industry and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Acta Materiae Compositae Sinica is the property of Acta Materiea Compositae Sinica Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Shenzhen University Science & Engineering is the property of Editorial Department of Journal of Shenzhen University Science & Engineering and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In the process of deep-sea oil and gas production, the low-temperature high-pressure condition in the pipeline is naturally helpful for formation of hydrates, which may result in the blockage of pipelines, bringing a major safety hazard to the pipeline transportation of oil and gas. Thus, a kinetic experiment on hydrate formation was conducted in the multiphase flow environment formed by the main components in seawater during oil and gas production, and the variation of the individual or combined effect of different components on the gas pressure parameters and gas storage during the hydration reaction was observed during the experiment. In the experiment, stable white oil emulsion was prepared with Span80 and SDS as the dispersing agents, the emulsion at different mass fraction was mixed with the artificial seawater crystals separately, and the effect of hydrolytic ions on the hydrate formed in the emulsion system was analyzed. The results show that the artificial seawater crystal can promote the heat and mass transfer between the molecules of the emulsion system, shorten the induction time of hydrate formation, accelerate the hydration reaction rate, and significantly increase the hydrate formation. The research provides a reference for prevention and control of hydrate blockage in pipelines during oil and gas production.

Copyright of Piezoelectrics & Acoustooptics is the property of Piezoelectric & Acoustooptic and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

As the Ⅲ-Ⅴ binary compound with the face-centered cubic structure of sphalerite, cubic boron nitride ( c-BN) exhibits the largest band gap as one of the typical third-generation semiconductors, as well as other excellent properties including high thermal conductivity, high hardness, high-temperature oxidation resistance, chemical stability, wide range of light transmission wavelength, and can be both doped into p-type or n-type. It can be not only widely used as a superhard materials in the processing fields of various industries, but also has potential applications value as extreme electronics materials in high-power semiconductor and optoelectronic devices, making it suitable for extreme environments such as high temperature, high power, high pressure, high frequency and strong radiation. This article reviews the development of c-BN crystal preparation and epitaxial growth of c-BN thin films in recent years, focusing on the progress of growth technology and the improvement of crystal quality, as well as their mechanical, optical and electrical properties. Finally, the paper summarizes the content of the paper and prospects the challenges of c-BN application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Piezoelectrics & Acoustooptics is the property of Piezoelectric & Acoustooptic and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

为提高漆籽油质量，以陕西漆树籽为原料，研究了漆籽仁预处理方法对提取漆籽油的影响，通过正交试验优化了漆籽油精制脱蜡的工艺条件，研究了助滤剂添加量对蜡晶过滤速度的影响，并测定了漆籽油的理化指标，脂肪酸、维生素E和植物甾醇组成及含量。结果表明：热碱水处理漆籽仁所提取的漆籽油品质更好，此工艺也更适于实际生产；适合规模化生产的漆籽油精制脱蜡最佳工艺条件为降温速率1.0 ℃/h、养晶温度5 ℃、搅拌速度20 r/min；加入2.0%的珍珠岩作助滤剂，油蜡分离速度最快；在上述条件下，漆籽油脱蜡率为95.88%。漆籽油含有较高含量的亚油酸（687%）、δ-生育酚（422.78 mg/kg）、植物甾醇（3 760.00 mg/kg），其中植物甾醇中的β-扶桑甾醇(386.21 mg/kg)、柠檬二烯醇(138.55 mg/kg)在常见植物油中未见报道。In order to improve the quality of lacquer seed oil, Shaanxi lacquer tree seed was used as raw material to study the effect of lacquer seed kernel pretreatment method on the extraction of lacquer seed oil. The dewaxing conditions of lacquer seed oil were optimized through orthogonal experiment. The effect of the amount of filter aid on the filtration rate of wax crystal was studied, and the physicochemical indexes, compositions of fatty acid, vitamin E and phytosterol in lacquer seed oil were determined. The results showed that the quality of lacquer seed oil extracted from lacquer seed kernel pretreated with hot alkaline water was better, and this process was more suitable for practical production. The optimal dewaxing conditions of lacquer seed oil suitable for large-scale production were obtained as follows: cooling rate 1.0 ℃/h, crystallization temperature 5 ℃ and stirring speed 20 r/min. Adding 2.0% perlite as filter aid, the separation speed of lacquer seed oil and lacquer wax was the fastest. Under the optimal conditions, the dewaxing rate of lacquer seed oil was 95.88%. Lacquer seed oil contained high content of linoleic acid (68.7%), δ-tocopherol (422.78 mg/kg) and phytosterol (3 760.00 mg/kg), and β-fusosterol (386.21 mg/kg) and limonol (138.55 mg/kg) were substances not reported in common vegetable oils.

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Copyright of Journal of Henan University of Technology Natural Science Edition is the property of Henan University of Technology Journal Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Cotton Textile Technology is the property of Cotton Textile Technology Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Materials Science & Engineering (1673-2812) is the property of Journal of Materials Science & Engineering Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Experimental Technology & Management is the property of Experimental Technology & Management Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Chinese Journal of High Pressure Physics is the property of Chinese Journal of High Pressure Physics Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Experimental Technology & Management is the property of Experimental Technology & Management Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of South China Normal University (Natural Science Edition) / Huanan Shifan Daxue Xuebao (Ziran Kexue Ban) is the property of Journal of South China Normal University (Natural Science Edition) Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of the Chinese Society of Rare Earths is the property of Editorial Department of Journal of the Chinese Society of Rare Earths and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In the process of preparing calcium zincate by chemical synthesis method using Ca (OH)2 and ZnO as main raw materials, the effects of different alkali concentration, reaction time and reaction temperature were studied. The crystal structure and morphology were characterized by X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The influence of chemical synthesis on the crystal control of calcium zincate was obtained. The results show that the increase of alkali concentration will affect the crystallinity of calcium zincate crystal, the prolongation of reaction time will make the reaction more complete, the surface of the crystal has luster, and the reaction temperature is an important factor affecting the crystal size and appearance of calcium zincate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Henan University of Technology Natural Science Edition is the property of Henan University of Technology Journal Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) foamswere prepared by a one-step pressure relief method using supercritical CO2 as a foaming agent. The hard-segment (HS) crystallization and foaming behaviors of TPU assisted with supercritical CO2 were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry and scanning electron microscopy. The results indicated that the polydispersity of HS formed in the blend process was beneficial for its crystallization, and a higher foaming temperature and pressure could lead to the formation of more perfect crystals. Furthermore, more crystals were generated with increasing the foaming pressure. A microporous foam was obtained in the pressure of 20 MPa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Increasing the proportion of interesting can improve the effect of teaching, can consolidate and deepen students’ understanding of chemical knowledge. In this paper, this effect is demonstrated by using the experiment of the preparation and characterization of copper sulfate pentahydrate crystals. Observation of the experimental results is changed into observation of the experimental process to display the book knowledge visually, which heavily activates the curiosity and enthusiasm of the students. The students can choose simples to observe using microscope by themselves, this teaching method improves the participation and initiation of the students and let them become the center of class. The interesting element is introduced into class to improve the ability to acquire knowledge of the students. Therefore, the students can know the relationship between chemistry and life, their spirit of scientific research and innovation are also developed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Co-precipitated method was employed to prepare nano-scale lamellar Zn2 Al-LDHs, flower-like Zn-Mgx Al-LDHs (x = 1，2) and micro-nano structured Mg2 Al-LDHs. Advanced testing devices like XRD and SEM were utilized to study the size，structure and morphology of the products and the effect of the component on the pattern growth of LDHs-like structure was further investigated. The results indicated that, high crystallinity was observed for zinc-contained LDHs. In particular，the growth of Zn2 Al-LDHs crystal that, exhibited multi-layer lamellar particles conformed to face-face lamellar reunion mechanism. ZnMgAl-LDHs and ZnMg2 Al-LDHs were single-layer and double-layer lamellar, respectively. The content of Mg² was found to be the key contributing factor for the crystallinity and growth direction of crystal face. As the content of Mg2 increased, the reunion mechanism of zinc-contained LDHs transferred from face-face lamellar reunion to face-edge lamellar reunion. Additionally，Mg2 Al-LDHs were nano-scale flower-like cladding particle and the growth of the crystals abided by face-edge lamellar reunion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The disulfide bond is one of the most common post-translational modifications in proteins, of which determination is essential to the comprehensive understanding of protein structures. Disulfide bond analysis has gone through great improvement due to the development of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI MS), especially in terms of speed and sensitivity. In general, the characterization of disulfide-containing peptides is achieved by the reduction of disulfide bonds followed by alkylation. The identification of disulfide/cysteine-containing peptides in digests of proteins is essential to structure elucidation of a protein. In order to present a deep understanding of some phenomena occurring in MALDI MS of disulfide/cysteine-containing proteins, the current work systematically investigated effects of co-crystal size and matrix on MALDI-In Source Decay (ISD) fragmentation of disulfide-containing proteins. Imaging experiments were performed to evaluate the influence of laser shot location on the fragmentation of human insulin and insulin glargine, which were selected as model compounds. The spectrum that was recorded on very finely distributed crystals of FA spot does not exhibit fragments. While a characteristic ‘triplet’ ions with a mass separation of 32 u generated by both symmetric and nonsymmetric cleavages of the disulfide bonds was observed on large crystals. Probably for thermodynamic reasons, the tryptic peptide was subjected to the cleavage of even number of chemical bonds gave rise to radical recombination without reductive ISD. Among several matrices tested including ferulic acid (FA), α-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid (CHCA), sinapinic acid (SA), 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid (DHB), 3-aminoquinolin (AQ), and 2,4,6-trihydroxy acetophenone (THAP), FA was shown to be a versatile matrix allowing one to induce or prevent ISD according to the location of laser shots. CHCA and SA were found to promote ISD of disulfide-containing proteins, in a location dependent manner. However, unlike in CHCA (or SA), ISD was not systematically observed on all crystals for FA, suggesting differences between the crystallization processes of CHCA (or SA) and FA. Minor fragments were observed when using DHB and AQ as matrices. As for THAP, no fragmentation was observed probably because its three OH-groups in meta-position relative to each other resulted in the nonoccurrence of redox reaction. The studies provide insights into the experimental conditions required for determination of disulfide-containing protein by MALDI MS and are helpful for mass spectrum interpretation, opening the way to more rational studies of disulfide/cysteine-containing proteins by MALDI mass spectrometry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The technology of photoelectric inducing-trapping can kill agricultural insect (locust, ant, etc.) and protect the agricultural production from being destroyed effectively, and avoid the environment pollution caused by spraying pesticide. The key factor of this technology is to develop a kind of slippery trapping plate which can restrict insects' excellent attachment ability generated by rigid claw and adhesive pad. To obtain structural information for biomimetic developing the slippery trapping plate, surface morphology of bionic prototype (slippery zone of Nepenthes alata pitcher) was detailedly examined in August and September of 2013. Several sections (1 cm2) were cut from the slippery surface and rinsed in distilled water before being air-dried, then mounted on aluminum blocks and sputter coated, and observed with a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Fresh sample (2 cm2) was cut from slippery surface and glued to an aluminum block, and examined with a scanning white-light interferometer (SWLI). The structural parameters of slippery surface were statistically acquired via analyzing the saved images with the software belonging to the SEM and SWLI equipment. The results showed that the slippery surface is covered by a layer of dense and irregular wax crystals, along with numerous downward-directed lunate cells. Length and thickness of the platelet-shaped wax crystals was 1109.6±68.5 nm and 89.11±5.17 nm, respectively; the height and interval distance of the lunate cells was 20.41± 1.73 μm and 71.53±3.86 μm, respectively; the angles of the lunate cell's slope and precipice was 23.1±2.4° and 76.1±4.0°, respectively. These obtained parameters suggested that the slippery zone bears micro-nano scaled surface architectures. Based on acquired structural parameters, biomimetic model of the slippery trapping plate was designed with CAXA software. The biomimetic model consisted of a substrate and an epicuticular layer, the substrate was covered by micro-scaled triangular prisms (simplified lunate cells) and numerous blind holes, and the epicuticular layer was composed of massive flaky graphite (simplified wax coverings) possessing the physical properties of lubrication and slippage. To prepare the slippery trapping plate, laser micro-fabrication technology was adopted to machine the micro-scaled architectures (triangular prisms and blind holes) of the substrate (alloy steel, 100 mm×50 mm×5 m, length×width×thickness), and high voltage electrostatic incorporation technology was used to attach the flaky graphite (mesh number 1 500-2 000, dimension 6.5-10 μm) to the machined substrate. The flaky graphite was put on an organic glass box (95 mm×45 mm×30 m, length×width×height); and put the laser-machined substrate and an alloy plate on the top and bottom of the box, respectively. The positive and negative electrode of high voltage electrostatic source was respectively connected to the substrate and alloy plate, and applied high voltage electrostatic (16.0-18.0 KV) for 100-120 s. With the incorporation of the high voltage electrostatic, the flaky graphite was absorbed to the blind holes of substrate and attached tightly. To test the function of the biomimetic slippery trapping plate, attachment forces of adult locust (Locusta migratoria manilensis) were measured with an insect micro-force measurement system in July 2015. The system mainly consisted of a force transducer (1-PW4C3), a signal conditioning module (SCXI-1520), a data acquisition platform (PCI-6221), and data-processing & displaying software. The locust was connected to the force transducer (along load direction) using a thin thread (12 cm long) fastened its neck position, and then put on the tested surface. The locust climbed on the tested surface along the load direction of the force transducer. When the thin thread started to pull, the locust crawled ahead frantically to attempt to break away from this restriction, so generated attachment forces and their maximal values were recorded. The results showed that values of attachment force provided by locust on bionic slippery trapping plate ranged from 328.7 mN to 458.3 mN, whereas on slippery surface ranged from 307.3 mN to 397.1 mN. Attachment force of locust on bionic slippery trapping plate (402.9±26.1 mN) was barely 1.1 times than that on slippery surface (361.9±25.5 mN), suggesting the biomimetic slippery trapping plate bore rather similar function as the slippery surface, thereby achieved the protected biomimetic results. The obtained conclusion provides theoretical and technical references to biomimetic development of slippery trapping plate used for controlling agricultural insect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Infrared touch screen works through light emitting diode transmitting infrared light and infrared receiver diode receiving infrared light, so the sunlight will have interference to it. Scanning period of anti-light infrared touch screens which use serial scanning mode is too long. Eight kinds of crystal --30. 072 kHz, 36 kHz, 38 kHz, 38. 4 kHz, 40 kHz, 48 kHz, 50 kHz, 51. 2 kHz are used to design signal sources of infrared emission diodes. Then, the same frequency crystals are used to design frequency selective circuits. The design make eight scanning units working simultaneously come true. It enhances the anti-light ability of 1R touch screen and solves the problem of interference among the eight infrared transmitting diode in parallel scanning mode, reducing scan cycle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Changes in the density fluctuations of polyethylene on the submicron scale under uniaxial stretch were investigated by means of ultra-small angle X-ray scattering (USAXS) as a function of strain. Small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and wide angle X-ray scattering (WAXS) were also used in order to get information on a very wide spatial scale from 0.1 nm to 1000 nm. On the submicron scale, heterogeneous density fluctuations developed with strain. The development of the fluctuations was anisotropic; the fluctuations along the stretch direction were larger than along the perpendicular direction. The former fluctuations developed in two steps; the development before the yield point was larger than after the yield point. On the other hand, the lamella structure was deformed and the crystal lattice was oriented in proportion to strain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to explore the mechanism of co-crystal explosive formation, styphnic/1,4-dioxane solvate was prepared by solvent evaporation method. This solvate structure was characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction. Structural analysis shows that 0 in 1,4-dioxane forms --OH ⋯ 0 strong hydrogen bond with OH in styphnic. Moreover, H in 1,4-dioxane forms CH ⋯ 0--NO weak intermolecular interaction with nitro group in styphnic. These two kinds of interactions are the main driving force for solvate composing. The Mulliken charge and density of state of both styphnic and styphnic/1,4-dioxane solvate are calculated. The result shows that the nitro group has more negative charge in the solvate than that in the pure styphnate. P orbital plays an important role in the buildup of the solvate and H in styphnate hybridizes with O in 1, 4-dioxane. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The physics property and the activity of DPPH radical scavenging of the stilbene glycoside crystals extracted from Polygonum multiflorum Thunb were studied. The crystals of stilbene glycoside were verified by X-ray diffraction analysis, and the physical property of crystals was determined by DSC and TGA, the chemical stability and the capability of DPPH radical scavenging were also determined using resveratrol, BHT and Vc as control. The results show that there exists no polymorphism with only one acicular crystal of SG. The melting point of SG is 151.33 °C. The crystal is stable at room temperature. The order of antioxidant activity is Vc IC50 of 5.38 µg/ml, BHT IC50 of 6.20 µg/ml, stilbene glycosides IC50 of 8.06 µg/ml, and resveratrol IC50 of 9.21 µg/ml. It is indicated that stilbene glycoside with acicular crystals is stable, and its radical scavenging effect is good. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Kidney stone is a disease with complex etiology and high incidence, and the most common chemical composition type of it is calcium oxalate stone. The formation of calcium oxalate stones includes crystal formation, crystal growth and aggregation, crystal interaction with renal tubular epithelial cells, and crystal invasion of renal interstitial extracellular matrix and so on. In these processes, crystal-cell interactions are essential for kidney crystal retention and kidney stone formation. Recently many studies have found that the interaction between crystal and renal tubular epithelial cells is closely related to various key binding molecules, endoplasmic reticulum stress of tubular cells, extracellular matrix proteins, and various lithotriptic drugs. Understanding the mechanism of crystal-cell interaction is of great significance for the prevention and early treatment of calcium oxalate stones.