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The purpose of this experiment was to study the effects of different levels of Clostridium butyricum supplementation on the gas production, fermentation parameters, and nutrient digestibility in TMR diet by in vitro gas production method, so as to determine the appropriate amount of Clostridium butyricum supplementation in beef cattle diet. Holstein steers with permanent fistula were selected as rumen fluid donors and TMR as culture substrate. The control group (CON group) only contained the culture substrate, while the Clostridium butyricum test group added Clostridium butyricum with the concentrations of 2x108 (CB1 group), 4x108 (CB2 group), 6x108 (CB3 group), 8x108 (CB4 group) and 10x108 CFU/kg (CB5 group) on the basis of the culture substrate, with six replicates at each level. The results showed that the in vitro gas production of CB1 group was significantly lower than that of other groups when the fermentation time was 2 h and 4 h (P<0.05). When the fermentation time was 12 h, the in vitro gas production of CB3 group, CB2 group, CB4 group, and CB5 group was significantly higher than that of CON group and CB1 group (P<0.05). The pH value in each experimental group were significantly lower than those in CON group (P<0.05), while the content of ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) was significantly higher than that in CON group (P<0.05), and there was no significant difference among the experimental groups (P>0.05). The concentrations of acetic acid, propionic acid, and total acid in CB3 group, CB4 group and CB5 group were significantly higher than those in CON group (P<0.05). Isobutyric acid content in CB1 group, CB2 group and CB3 group was significantly higher than that in CON group (P<0.05). Dry matter digestibility (DMD) and neutral detergent fiber degradation (NDFD) of each experimental group were significantly higher than those of CON group (P<0.05). The degradation rate of acid detergent fiber (ADFD) in CB2 group was significantly higher than that in CON group (P<0.05). The study indicates that the addition of Clostridium butyricum can increase gas production, NH3-N, acetic acid, propionic acid, total volatile acid content and DMD. The suitable addition of Clostridium butyricum is 6x108 CFU/kg. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Clostridium butyricum is an anaerobic heterotrophic Gram-positive Bacillus, which can produce butyric acid and lactic acid. As a kind of probiotics, Clostridium butyricum is widely found in the intestinal tract of humans and animals. The characteristics of Clostridium butyricum are safety, high temperature resistance, gastric acid resistance, bile salt resistance, and so on. Adding proper amount of Clostridium butyricum in diet can improve animal growth performance, enhance animal immunity and antioxidant function, improve livestock and poultry product quality, adjust intestinal microecological balance, and promote intestinal health. Compared with antibiotics, Clostridium butyricum can effectively reduce drug residue, which has the advantages of green environmental protection and no drug resistance. It is an ideal substitute for dietary antibiotics. The paper reviews the characteristics, biological functions and mechanism of Clostridium butyricum, and summarizes the applications of Clostridium butyricum in poultry production, in order to provide a reference for reasonable application of Clostridium butyricum in poultry production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Clostridium butyricum is a good probiotic additive, which can effectively improve the growth performance of piglets, improve the diarrhea of piglets, improve the antioxidant capacity and immune function of piglets, and reduce the mortality of piglets. Clostridium butyricum can produce short-chain fatty acids mainly butyric acid, cooperate with other probiotics to regulate the digestive environment, improve the intestinal microstructure, and help maintain the microecological balance, thus improving the digestion and absorption capacity of piglets. With the gradual application of Clostridium butyricum in piglet feeding, it is necessary to further study the specific mechanism of Clostridium butyricum's probiotic effect on piglets. This paper reviewed the biological function of Clostridium butyricum and its probiotic effect on piglets and its mechanism, which provided a reference for improving the feeding effect of Clostridium butyricum on piglets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The experiment was conducted to study the effect of Clostridium butyricum on production performance, serum biochemical indexes and economic benefits of laying hens. Four thousand 38-week-old Hyline brown laying hens were randomly divided into four groups with five replicates in each group and 200 laying hens in each replicate. The laying hens in control group were fed with basal diet, and the laying hens in experimental groups were fed with basal diet supplemented with 250, 500 and 1 000 mg/kg Clostrium butyric, respectively. The pre-test period lasted for 7 d and the formal test period lasted for 60 d. The results showed that the qualified egg rate of 1 000 mg/kg group was significantly higher than that of control group ( P<0.05), and the feed to egg ratio was significantly lower than that of control group ( P<0.05). The Haugh unit of eggs in experimental groups was significantly higher than that in control group ( P<0.05). The intestinal Lactobacillus in 500 mg/kg group and 1 000 mg/kg group was significantly higher than that in control group ( P<0.05), and the number of Escherichia coli in 500 mg/kg group was significantly lower than that in control group ( P<0.05). The T-AOC, GSH-Px and SOD activity in experimental groups were significantly higher than those in control group ( P<0.05), and the MDA content was significantly lower than that in control group ( P<0.05). The content of IgG in serum of laying hens in 1 000 mg/kg group was significantly higher than that in control group ( P<0.05), and the content of IgM in serum of laying hens in experimental groups was significantly higher than that in control group ( P<0.05). The profit per layer of the experimental groups was 8.36%, 17.72% and 19.40% higher than that of control group, respectively. The experiment indicates that dietary supplementation of Clostridium butyricum can improve the production performance and egg quality, and effectively improve the body health level. The dietary supplementation level of Clostridium butyricum is recommended to be 1 000 mg/kg. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Clostridium butyricum has good tolerance and stress resistance to bile salt, high temperature and gastric acid and plays a significant role in protecting stability of intestinal microbiota, reducing intestinal pathogenic bacteria, enhancing animal immunity, reducing diarrhea rate, promoting digestion and absorption and improving growth performance. The paper reviews biological characteristics of Clostridium butyricum and its impact on livestock and poultry production, in order to provide reference for further application of Clostridium butyricum in animal husbandry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Clostridium acetobutylicum is an important strain for bio-butanol formation. In recent years, gene-editing technology is widely used for developing the hyper-butanol-production strains. In this study, three genes (cac1251, cac2118 and cac2125) encoding cell division proteins (RodA, DivIVA and DivIB) in C. acetobutylicum were knocked out. The cac2118-knockout strain had changed its cell morphology to spherical-shape during the solventogenesis, and obtained a higher butanol yield of 0.19 g/g, increasing by 5.5%, compared with the wild type strain. The glucose utilization and butanol production of cac1251-knockout strain decreased by 33.9% and 56.3%, compared the with wild type strain, reaching to 47.3 g/L and 5.6 g/L. The cac1251-knockout strain and cac2125-knockout strain exhibited poor cell growth with cell optical density decreased by 40.4% and 38.3%, respectively, compared with that of the wild type strain. The results indicate that cell division protein DivIVA made the differences in the regulation of cell morphology and size. Cell division proteins RodA and DivIB played significant roles in the regulation of cell division, and affected cell growth, as well as solventogenesis metabolism.