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Copyright of Inorganic Chemicals Industry is the property of Editorial Office of Inorganic Chemicals Industry and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: To discuss the differential expressions of calmodulin- dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) in ovarian tissue of the normal mice and the mice with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) ，and to clarify the effect of CaMK II on the apoptosis of ovarian granulosa cells of the PCOS mice. Methods: The dissolved dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) was used to induce the PCOS mouse models by subcutaneous injection, and the mice in control group were injected with the equal volume of castor oil. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method was used to detect the serum testosterone level of mice in two groups; vaginal smear was used to monitor the changes of estrous cycle of the mice in two groups; HE staining was used to observe the pathomorphology of ovarian tissue of the mice in two groups; immunofluorescence staining was used to detect the localization and fluorescence intensity of CaMK II protein in ovarian tissue of the mice in two groups; Western blotting method was used to detect the expression levels of CaMKII and cysteine-containing aspartate protein hydrolase 3 (Caspase-3) proteins in ovarian tissue of the mice in two groups. The short hairpin RNA (sh-RNA) -CaMKII lentivirus was used to transfect the human ovarian granulosa cells (KGN cells) to establish the stable transfection system. The experiment was divided into blank control, sh-CaMKII-1, and sh-CaMKII-2 groups. The expression levels of CaMKII and Caspase-3 proteins in the KGN cells in various groups were detected by Western blotting method. Results: Compared with control group, the serum total testosterone and free testosterone levels of the mice in PCOS group were significantly increased (P<0. 01), the estrous cycle was disordered and stagnated in the middle of estrus, and the ovarian tissue showed the vacuolated follicles with fewer layers of granulosa cells, indicating that the PCOS mouse model was successfully established. The CaMK II protein was expressed in the oocytes, granulosa cells, and mesenchymal cells in ovarian tissue; compared with control group, the fluorescence intensity of CaMKII and expression level of protein in ovarian tissue of the mice in PCOS group were significantly decreased (P<0. 01), and the expression level of Caspase-3 protein in ovarian tissue of the mice was significantly increased (P<0. 01). Compared with blank control group, the expression levels of CaMK II protein in the KGN cells in sh-CaMK II -1 and sh-CaMK II -2 groups were significantly decreased (P<0. 01), and the expression levels of Caspase-3 protein were significantly increased (P<0. 01). Conclusion: Decreasing the CaMK II protein expression level in ovarian tissue of the PCOS mice induces the increasing of Caspase-3 protein expression level, thereby promoting the apoptosis of granulosa cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective The purpose of preparing solid base catalyst by pinewood template method is to change the structure of the catalyst and improve the performance of the catalyst. Methods CaAl2xO3x+1 solid base catalyst was prepared by impregnating, drying and roasting using calcium acetate monohydrate, aluminum acetate dihydrate as raw materials and pinewood sawdust as template. The effects of Ca/Al molar ratio, calcination temperature and calcination time on the catalyst activity were investigated by single factor test. The catalysts and precursors were characterized by TG, XRD and SEM. Results The optimum conditions for preparing CaAl2xO3x+1 solid base catalyst were as follows: molar ratio of Ca/Al 4: 1, calcination temperature 900°C, calcination time 7 h. When the temperature of catalyst precursor exceeds 900 °C, the decomposition basically ends. The crystal phase structure of CaAl2xO3x+1 solid base catalyst is similar to that of pinewood sawdust template. It consists of a submicron particle with smooth surface composed of a large amount of amorphous substances (Al2O3, CaO or their compounds) and a small amount of crystals (CaO). Conclusion The solid base catalyst with structure similar pinewood and high activity can be prepared by pinewood template method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of China Mechanical Engineering is the property of Editorial Board of China Mechanical Engineering and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

SO42-/ZrO2-Hangjin 2#（SZ-HJ-2#）solid acid catalyst was prepared by modifying Hangjin 2# clay as carrier.It was characterized and analyzed by XPS,XRD,FTIR,SEM,NH3-TPD,EDS;the process of biodiesel production with SZ-HJ-2# solid acid as catalyst was optimized by the BBD（Box-Behnken Design） experimental design method.The effects of reaction temperature, molar ratio of methanol to oil, catalyst dosage and reaction time on the yield of biodiesel were investigated.The mathematical model was established by fitting the experimental data with Design-expert 11 software, and the influence and interaction of various factors were analyzed.The model can accurately predict the yield of biodiesel.The composition of biodiesel was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry（GC-MS）.The results showed that the optimum reaction conditions were as follows: reaction temperature 56 ℃,molar ratio of methanol to oil 8.14∶1,catalyst dosage 2.51%,reaction time 9 h.Under these conditions, the highest yield of biodiesel was 95.46%;by significance analysis, the order of influence degree of each factor is: catalyst dosage（%）＞reaction temperature＞molar ratio of methanol to oil＞reaction time.The interaction between the amount of catalyst and reaction time, the molar ratio of methanol to oil and catalyst dosage was significant.GC-MS Analysis showed that the biodiesel was mainly composed of methyl palmitate, methyl stearate, methyl oleate, methyl linoleate and methyl linolenate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Electroplating & Finishing is the property of Electroplating & Finishing Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The structure of hard and soft segments of polyurethane has an important effect on its properties. A two-component solvent-free polyurethane adhesive was prepared with self-made polyester polyol, castor oil and isophorone diisocyanate as raw materials. The effects of different mass ratios of two polyester polyols with average molecular weight Mn=400 g/mol and Mn=2000 g/mol on the properties of adhesives were studied. The results show that with the increase of polyester polyols of Mn=2000 g/mol, the water absorption of the adhesive increases, the heat resistance increases, and the peel strength increases first and then decreases. When the mass ratio of Mn=400 g/mol and Mn=2000 g/mol polyester polyols is 4: 1, the comprehensive performance of the adhesive is the best. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Bulletin of the Chinese Ceramic Society is the property of Bulletin of the Chinese Ceramic Society Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Aliphatic diol HO― (CH2)6― S― S― (CH2)6― OH containing disulfide bond (DSU) was synthesized by the nucleophilic substitution reaction of halohydrocarbon, which was introduced into polyurethane molecules in the form of hard segment. A series of polyurethane composites modified by disulfide bond were prepared by using methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI), dopamine modified castor oil and DSU as raw materials, and their structures and properties were optimized. The chemical structure of DSU was characterized by 1H-NMR, and the influence of DSU amount on polyurethane was investigated, including the compressive mechanical properties, water contact angle, microstructure and bone bonding strength. The main conclusions include that the compressive properties and hydrophobicity of polyurethane composites increased with the increase of DSU dosage, and the bone adhesion strength increased first and then decreased. As m (DSU)∶ m (DACO)=10%, the composites presented the best comprehensive properties with the bone adhesion strength of 0.97 MPa in the buffer solution and 0.49 MPa in rabbit blood, compression strength of 7.0 MPa, compression modulus of 41.3 MPa and average bubble size of 150 μm. In vitro culture experiments of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells showed that the polyurethane composites had excellent cytocompatibility. The cell staining results by Calcein-AM showed that the porous structure of the material was conducive to cell proliferation and adhesion, which was in favour of fracture healing and reconstruction. This new material prepared in this work is expected to be used in the field of medical bone adhesives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Modified hydrogenated castor oil, polyamide wax and polyethylene wax were used as thixotropic agents of PERC back silver paste. The effects of different kinds of thixotropic agents on the properties of PERC back silver paste were studied. The above three thixotropic agents were used to prepare organic carriers, and PERC back silver pastes were prepared by combining the organic carrier, silver powder and self-made glass powder. The viscosity, thixotropy, storage stability, wet-weight and paste leakage of PERC back silver paste were tested by rotary viscometer, rheometer and printing press. The results show that the modified hydrogenated castor oil has the most obvious effect on the viscosity, thixotropy and storage stability of the PERC back silver paste, the polyamide wax is in the middle and the polyethylene wax is the weakest. After 1 % thixotropic agents were added in the organic carrier, the viscosity of the PERC back silver paste can increase by 1 500–20 000 mPa • s, the printing wet weight increase by 0. 001–0. 019 g/piece, and the leakage of the paste decrease by 0. 57–2. 22 g/piece. After 6 months of storage, the paste can still maintain a stable rheological state. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the shortage of petrochemical resources and the problems of environmental pollution. The development of environmentally friendly polymer materials using renewable resources has become a research focus. Castor oil is an inedible industrial vegetable oil containing reactive groups such as hydroxyl, carbon-carbon double bonds and ester groups, which can undergo various chemical reactions, such as esterification, etherification, dehydration, hydrolysis, alcoholysis, epoxidation and hydrogenization, providing a basis for the preparation of polymer materials. This paper introduced the structure,properties and chemical modification methods of castor oil, and summarized the research progress of castor oil in the preparation of unsaturated polyester, polyure thane, epoxy resin and other polymer materials. Finally, the research trend of castor oil-based polymer materials was prospected. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

以蓖麻籽油为原料，在Pt负载于不同载体构建的系列催化剂催化作用下，在高温高压反应釜中开展一步加氢催化制备生物航油研究。采用等体积浸渍法制备了Pt基系列催化剂，探究了氢压、反应时间、反应转速、反应温度对催化反应效果的影响。结果表明，加氢催化制备生物航油的最佳反应条件为：氢压4 MPa，反应时间7 h，催化剂Pt/SAPO-11、Pt/ZSM-23反应转速均为1 100 r/min，催化剂Pt/SBA-15反应转速为1 000 r/min，催化剂Pt/SAPO-11和Pt/ZSM-23反应温度均为360 ℃，催化剂Pt/SBA-15反应温度为340 ℃。在最佳条件下，催化剂Pt/SAPO-11的转化率为90.79%，C8～C16烷烃选择性为45.86%，C8～C16烷烃异构率为9.87%；催化剂Pt/ZSM-23的转化率为91.04%，C8～C16烷烃选择性为56.98%，C8～C16烷烃异构率为12.11%；催化剂Pt/SBA-15的转化率为46.26%，C8～C16烷烃选择性为12.85%，C8～C16烷烃异构率为4.83%。实验表明，Pt/ZSM-23的3项指标均优于Pt/SAPO-11和Pt/SBA-15，其更适合用于催化制备生物航油。 Using castor oil as a raw material, under the action of a series of catalysts constructed with Pt loaded on different carriers, the one step catalytic hydrogenation to prepare bio-aviation kerosene in a high-temperature and high-pressure reactor was researched. The Pt-based series catalysts were prepared by equal volume impregnation. The influences of hydrogen pressure, reaction temperature, reaction time, and stirring speed on the catalytic effect were explored. The results showed that the optimal preparation conditions of bio-aviation kerosene were obtained as follows: hydrogen pressure 4 MPa, reaction time 7 h, stirring speed 1 100 r/min for Pt/SAPO-11 and Pt/ZSM-23, 1 000 r/min for Pt/SBA-15, reaction temperature 360 ℃ for Pt/SAPO-11 and Pt/ZSM-23, and 340 ℃ for Pt/SBA-15.Under the optimal conditions, the conversion rate, selectivity of C8-C16 alkanes and isomerization rate of C8-C16 alkanes of Pt/SAPO-11 were 90.79%, 45.86% and 9.87% respectively; the conversion rate, selectivity of C8-C16 alkanes and isomerization rate of C8-C16 alkanes of Pt/ZSM-23 were 91.04%, 56.98%, and 12.11%, respectively; the conversion rate,selectivity of C8-C16 alkanes and isomerization rate of C8-C16 alkanes of Pt/SBA-15 were 46.26%, 12.85% and 4.83%, respectively.The research indicated that the three indexes of Pt/ZSM-23 were superior to Pt/SAPO-11 and Pt/SBA-15, and it was more suitable for the preparation of bio-aviation kerosene.

Copyright of China Pulp & Paper is the property of China Pulp & Paper Magazines Publisher and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of South China Agricultural University is the property of Gai Kan Bian Wei Hui and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Shipin Kexue/ Food Science is the property of Food Science Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of China Surfactant Detergent & Cosmetics (1001-1803) is the property of China Surfactant Detergent & Cosmetics Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Coatings & Protection / Tuceng yu Fanghu is the property of Coating & Protection Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: To investigate the effects of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) transplantation on liver regeneration, inflammatory response and TGF-βreceptor (TGF-βR) in rats with acute liver failure (ALF). Methods: 90 SD rats were randomly divided into model group (n=30), healthy group (n=30) and treatment group (n=30) according to the random number table method. The healthy group was given no treatment, the rats in the model group and the treatment group were intraperitoneal injected with the solution of castor oil tetrachloride to make the ALF rat model. Rats in the treatment group were treated with BMSCs via portal vein injection, while rats in the model group were treated with the same amount of normal saline. On 7 day after modeling, the liver function indicators levels, inflammatory responses and TGF-βR-related indicators of the three groups of rats were compared, and the correlation was analyzed. Results: The levels of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), transglutaminase (AST) and total bilirubin (TBIL) in the model group and the treatment group were higher than those in the healthy group, and the levels of above indexes of liver function in the treatment group were lower than those in the model group (all P<0.05). The level of serum tumor necrosis factor -α(TNF-α) and liver tissue TNF-αmRNA expressions in the model group and the treatment group were higher than those in the healthy group, and the level of serum TNF-α and liver tissue TNF-α mRNA expressions in the treatment group were lower than those in the model group (all P<0.05). The expression of TGF-βR1 and TGF-βR2 in the model group and the treatment group were higher than those in the healthy group, and the expression of the above proteins in the treatment group were lower than those in the model group (all P<0.05). Spearman correlation analysis showed that the levels of ALT, AST and TBIL were positively correlated with the expression levels of serum TNF-α and TNF-α mRNA and TGF-βR1, TGF-βR2 (all P<0.05). Conclusions: BMSCs transplantation has a significant effect on promoting liver regeneration of ALF rats, effectively reducing inflammatory response, and down-regulating the expression levels of TGF-βR1 and TGF-βR2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

KF/ZnO catalyst was prepared by impregnation and caleination with potassium fluoride as impregnating component and zinc oxide as carrier. The effect of preparation conditions on the methanolysis activity of castor oil of the catalyst was investigated by orthogonal test. The optimized preparation conditions of the KF/ZnO catalyst were found as follows: the mass fraction of KF aqueous solution is 20%, the drying temperature is 150°C, the calcination temperature is 450°C and the calcination time is 5h. The catalyst prepared under optimized conditions is used for methanolysis of castor oil to produce biodiesel, and the conversion rate of castor oil can reach 87.9%. The KF/ZnO catalyst prepared under optimized conditions was characterized by modern characterization techniques. The results show that the KF/ZnO catalyst is composed of supported ZnO crystals and KF and reaction products dispersed in a single layer on the surface. The specific surface area of the catalyst is 8.22 m²/g, the pore volume is 0.0191 cm³/g, the surface morphology is porous cloud, and the alkali strength is in the range of 7.2 to 15.0 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bio-based polyurethane with good comprehensive performance has attracted increasing attention. Cottonseed oilbased polyurethane (TO-PU) elastomers were synthesized from ozonized cottonseed oil-based polyols (OTO-polyols) with high hydroxyl value and castor oil (CO) by reacting with isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI). The structure of urethane bond was analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and the formation of hydrogen bond was observed. The thermomechanical properties of synthetic TO-PU were examined by differential scanning calorimeter, thermogravimetric analyzer and universal testing. The thermo-mechanical properties are strongly dependent on the crosslinking density of TO-PU. The glass transition temperatures of polyurethane elastomers are −35 — −28 ℃, and the crystalline properties can be enhanced with the increase of castor oil. Correspondingly, the mechanical properties of TO-PU according to the tensile behavior of elastomers can be adjusted by turning the mass ratio of OTO-polyols to CO. The tensile strength of TO-PU-3 (m(OTOpolyols): m(CO)=7:3) exceeded 2.50 MPa, while the elongation at break can maintain above 150%. In comparison, the elongation at break of TO-PU-1 (m(OTO-polyols):m(CO)=9:1) can approach 400% by reducing the content of castor oil. The cottonseed oil-based polyurethane elastomer shows excellent thermal stability with the initial decomposition temperature above 240 ℃, and its three thermal degradation stages are caused by urethane groups, ester groups, and long carbon chains of polyols, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of New Building Materials / Xinxing Jianzhu Cailiao is the property of New Building Materials Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Clean Coal Technology is the property of Clean Coal Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of China Surfactant Detergent & Cosmetics (1001-1803) is the property of China Surfactant Detergent & Cosmetics Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In order to discover effective herbicide tank mixing adjuvants, increase the efficacy of metamifop and reduce the dosage of active ingredients, seven kinds of methylated vegetable oils were synthesized by the principle of base-catalyzed transesterification. Maize oil, peanut oil, rapeseed oil, soybean oil, sunflower oil, castor oil and sesame oil were used as the raw materials. Twenty kinds of tank mixing adjuvants were mixed in different proportions after the addition of emulsifier. The synergistic effect of 20 adjuvants with metamifop were studied by indoor experiments. The results showed that when the volume fraction of methylated vegetable oil adjuvant was 0.5% of the spray volume, the retention of metamifop on Echinochloa oryzicola Vasing leaves was significantly increased, and the range of increase was11.17%-143.60%. Besides, the surface tension and contact angle of metamifop solution were also decreased by 9.67%-27.34% and 8.72%- 65.60%, respectively. Twenty kinds of methylated vegetable oil adjuvants had synergistic effects on the control of E. oryzicola with metamifop, among which methylated vegetable oil adjuvant JZ-4[ m (methylated peanut oil): m (methylated maize oil) = 2 : 1, emulsifier m (OP-7) : m (PEG-400) : m (ZR-5) = 1 : 1 : 0.5, the content was 20% of the quality of methylated vegetable oil]was the best one. Compared with the plant treated by metamifop(120 g/hm2) without adjuvant, plant death rate was increased by 45.00% and fresh weight inhibition rate was increased by 25.53% after the addition of methylated vegetable oil adjuvant JZ-4. Comprehensive analysis demonstrated that the best adjuvant for the control of metamifop against E. oryzicola was methylated vegetable oil adjuvant JZ-4. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to study the influences of green cutting fluid on broaching performance, pure water(W), castor oil, surfactant(s) and nano-graphite(G) were used to prepare three kinds of cutting through ultrasonic, namely water based oil cutting Hind (W-O), water based oil cutting fluid with surfactant (WO-s), water based oil cutting fluid with surfactant and nano-graphite (WOs-G). Then the broaching tests were carried out under spraying. The testing results show that the addition of castor oil and surfactant may reduce the broaching loads. But the addition of nano-graphite is not to reducing the broaching loads, due to the agglomeration effect with castor oil and surfactant, and the friction factor of cutting fluid is increased. By contrast, W-s cutting fluid with 88.5% pure water, 10% castor oil and 1.5% surfactant(all are mass fractions) has the best application performance. The broaching loads of high and low values are reduced by 17.0% and 1 855 % respectively, and the amplitude of the fundamental frequency is decreased by 10. 6 %. The average amount of chip adhesion in first five cutters is reduced by 35.8%, and that in total cutters is reduced by 23.%, when compared with that under dry broaching conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A series of self-healing polyurethane elastomers (PU) were synthesized using different amounts of castor oil (CTO) or trimethylolpropane (TMP) as cross-linking reagents. The effects of the amount of cross-linking reagent on the mechanical properties and self-healing properties of PU were investigated by an electronic tensile tester. The results showed that both CTO and TMP could increase the tensile strength of self-healed PU, but the elongation at break was decreased. Meanwhile, the self-healing properties of the elastomer were reduced. With an identical molar ratio of crosslinking reagent, the self-healing property of PU crosslinked by CTO was found to be superior to that crosslinked by TMP. The self-healing capacity of PU could only be maintained while a small amount of TMP was added. With the increase of CTO addition, the tensile strength of self-healed PU increased first and then decreased. When the molar ratio of polypropylene glycol (PPG) to CTO was 7∶3, the optimal overall performances were obtained, the tensile strength was recovered to 80.95% of the original level after self-healing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the continuous exploration of microemulsions as solvents for traditional Chinese medicine extraction, polyoxyethy-lene(35) castor oil(CrEL), a commonly used surfactant, is being utilized by researchers. However, the problem of detecting residues of this surfactant in microemulsion extracts has greatly hampered the further development of microemulsion solvents. Based on the chemical structures of the components in CrEL and the content determination method of castor oil in the 2020 edition of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia(Vol. Ⅳ), this study employed gas chromatography(GC) and single-factor experiments to optimize the preparation method of methyl ricinoleate from CrEL. The conversion coefficient between the two was validated, and the optimal sample preparation method was used to process microemulsion extracts of Zexie Decoction from three batches. The content of methyl ricinoleate generated was determined, and the content of CrEL in the microemulsion extracts of Zexie Decoction was calculated using the above conversion coefficient. The results showed that the optimal preparation method for CrEL was determined. Specifically, 10 mL of 1 mol·L~(-1) KOH-methanol solution was heated at 60 ℃ for 15 min in a water bath. Subsequently, 10 mL of boron trifluoride etherate-methanol(1∶3) solution was heated at 60 ℃ for 15 min in a water bath, followed by extraction with n-hexane twice. CrEL could stably produce 20.84% methyl ricinoleate. According to this conversion coefficient, the average mass concentration of CrEL in the three batches of Zexie Decoction microemulsion extracts was 11.94 mg·mL~(-1), which was not significantly different from the CrEL mass concentration of 11.57 mg·mL~(-1) during microemulsion formulation, indicating that the established content determination method of this study was highly accurate, sensitive, and repeatable. It can be used for subsequent research on microemulsion extracts of Zexie Decoction and provide a reference for quality control of other drug formulations containing CrEL.

Copyright of China Surfactant Detergent & Cosmetics (1001-1803) is the property of China Surfactant Detergent & Cosmetics Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

A novel UV-curable resin was synthesized from 2-aeryloyloxyethyl isocyanate and branched Poly(lactic acid) (PLLA) using castor oil as initiator and obtained in relatively high yield (90%). Furthermore, the resin was cured by UV irradiation for 30 minutes. The obtained cured film showed elastomeric properties, because the glass transition temperature was --5°C and the rubbery plateau region started around 20°C, as measured by dynamic mechanical analysis. The thermal stability of the cured film was measured by TGA, weight loss started at 210°C. The Young's modulus of mechanical properties was 317.9 MPa, taken from the stress-strain curve. The cured film was enzyme-degradable (max. 8.4%, 30 days) by porcine pancreas lipase. The SEM micrographs of the degradation cured film showed a number of holes on the film surface. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to elucidate the role of glycerol - 3 - phosphate dehydrogenase gene (RcGPDH) from castor bean in castor oil accumulation, we designed primers according to express sequence tags (EST) and cloned the full cDNA of RcGPDH gene by RACE (rapid - amplification of cDNA ends). The yeast expression vector pY- ES2. 1 /V5 - His - TOPO - RcGPDH was constructed and transfonned to wild yeast strain BY4742, using plasmid pYES2. 1 / V5 - His/lacZ as control. We drew the growth curves of transformed yeast strains with spectrophotometer at 600nm, and determined their oil content using vanillin method. Results showed that they grew stably after cultured 18h, but the strain with RcGPDH gene grew slower than control. The oil content didn't change between the two yeast strains, which suggested that RcGPDH gene was not involved in yeast oil accumulation. These results suggested that other GPDH homologous genes may be involved in triacylglycerls (TAG) synthesis in castor seeds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the popularity of computer science and the wide application of data processing software, it is a good method to let the students to use linear, nonlinear, or exponential function to fit the measured data and to make comparative analysis in the process of data processing program. It can makes students get the most accurate empirical formula with the identical experimental conditions. In this paper, we apply the data processing software Origin, and use different calculation methods to establish the relationship between surface tension and temperature for the Castor Oil. Through the comparative analysis with the result of the experiments, students can get the more precise empirical formula, and find a better way to reduce experimental error. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this paper was to study the pre-mixed materials of emulsion gel. Accessories were screened and formula was designed with the most common use, low cost and simple process as the standards. Experiments were designed by central composite design-response surface methodology (ccd-rsm). 8.0.6 Trial Design-Expert was used for data processing and analysis, and subjective scores were used as the index to draw the three-dimensional effect surface and 2D contour maps. It was determined that the optimal ranges were A (carbomer 940)： 0.05-0.065 g; B (castor oil)： 1.00-1.12 mL; C (poly polysorbate-80)： 0.15 mL. The optimal formula was as follows： carbopol 0.057 5 g, castor oil 1.1 mL, polysorbate-80 0.15 mL. The formulated substrate was studied on its preliminary stability and rheology characteristics, such as viscosity and thixotropy. Then with the optimal formula as substrate, emulsion type gel was prepared respectively with 98% rutin, 98% berberine hydrochloride, and 98% berbamine hydrochloride as the main component. With 0.9% normal saline as the absorption solution, the results showed that the ransdermal flux of the three formulations of 1 h was all less than 1%. The results indicated that this substrate had the potential to be developed into a premixed material. The emulsion type gel matrix made from this formula had a good appearance, stability to certain extent, appropriate viscosity and thixotropy, and showed no skin irritation in 1 h., Competing Interests: The authors of this article and the planning committee members and staff have no relevant financial relationships with commercial interests to disclose., (Copyright© by the Chinese Pharmaceutical Association.)

Bio-based polyamides are environment-friendly polymers. The precursors of bio-based polyamides come from bio-based materials such as castor oil, glucose and animal oil. Bio-based polyamides precursors include bio-based amino acids, bio-based lactams, bio-based diprotic acid and bio-based diamines. In this paper, we discussed the route of the precursors of bio-based polyamides that come from bio-based materials. We discussed the properties of bio-based polyamides. Bio-based PA11and bio-based PA1010 are well-known bio-based polyamides; we discussed the origin materials of the precursors, the route of manufacturing bio-based PA11 and PA1010, and their modifications status. The variety, classification and commercial production of bio-based polyamides were described in details, as well as bio-based polyamides development in China.

The anthraco-propulsion and the drug induced mice diarrhea models were used to observe the intestine propulsion and the anti-diarrhea effect of "Tao Hua Zhi Xie Granule" (THZXG), and the anti-inflammation effect of THZXG was studied. The results showed that THZXG could obviously reduce the incidence and frequency of the mice diarrhea induced by Folium Sennae and castor-oil, and propelling movement of mice small intestine after hypodermic injection of neostigmine. The actions were acted in a dose-dependent manner. 11.70 and 17.55 mg/kg THZXG(ig) could also inhibit the increased permeability of intraperitoneal capillary induced by acetic acid in mice.

Objective: To study effect of alcohol extract of pig bile(AEB) on digestion system., Methods: Action of AEB in vitro and vivo were observed., Results: AEB could suppress the spontaneous movement of isolated intestinal smooth muscles in rabbit, markedly antagonize the intestinal propelling movement of carbon ink and experimental diarrhea caused by castor oil in mice, obviously inhibit growth of microbe., Conclusions: AEB could improve the condition of digestion.

Objective: To compare the safety and efficacy of intravaginal prostaglandin E1, misoprostol with ricinus oil meal for labor induction., Methods: Sixty patients with an indication for induction of labor were randomly assigned to two groups (30 cases each) induction with misoprotol, 50 micrograms intra-vaginally every 3 hours until active labor, or with that ricinus oil meal was taken., Results: The time from start of induction to vaginal delivery was significantly shorter in the misoprostol group (12.2 vs 18.1, P < 0.05), and fewer patients in the misoprostol group required oxytocin augmentation (10.0% vs 40.0%, P < 0.05). The mean change in the Bishop score was significantly higher in those receiving misoprostol (5.5 vs 3.1, P < 0.05). Uterine tachysystole occurred more frequently in patients in the misoprostol group (16.7%) than in the ricinus oil meal group (3.0%). No significant differences were noted in the mode of delivery and patients of successful labor induction., Conclusions: Vaginally administered misoprostol is an effective agent for the cervical ripening and induction of labor.