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Two-year-old seedlings of six broad-leaved species, Phoebe bournei, Castanopsis fordil, Mytilaria laosensis, Quercus glauca, Quercus sessilifolia, and Schima superba, were obtained from the Baisha State-owned Forest Farm in Shanghang County, Fujian province, China. The biomass of the roots, stems, leaves, and whole plants of each species was determined by using the whole-plant harvesting method. The allocation characteristics of biomass and the isometric growth relationship between aboveground and underground biomass were compared. Regression estimation models for the biomass of each organ and the whole plant were established using regression analysis. The results showed that: (1) the whole seedling biomass of different tree species was significantly different, and the order was Q. glauca＞M. laosensis＞C. fordil＞Q. sessilifolia＞S. superba＞P. bournei; (2) there were significant differences in the distribution of biomass among the organs of different tree species, with Q. glauca, M. laosensis, and P. bournei having the largest proportions of root biomass (39.9%), stem biomass (45.0%), and leaf biomass (49.2%), respectively; (3) the ratio of belowground biomass to aboveground biomass of the seedlings of different tree species was less than 1, indicating that more seedling biomass was allocated to the stems and leaves. The aboveground and belowground biomass of the tree species followed an isotropic growth pattern, except in the case of S. superba; (4) the models for regression estimation of seedling biomass of different tree species were mostly power-function models, followed by cubic polynomial models. There were differences in the allocation of biomass among different organs in the seedlings. Additionally, an isometric growth pattern between the aboveground and belowground biomass in seedlings was revealed. The regression estimation model for seedling biomass of each tree species can be used to estimate seedling biomass under similar or identical site conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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To explore the effect of nitrogen deposition on evergreen conifers in the mid-subtropical zone, we conducted simulated atmospheric nitrogen deposition experiments in Sanming Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Fujian Province. We devised three treatment conditions, namely control(CK, 0 kg·hm-2·a-1), low nitrogen(LN, 40 kg·hm-2·a-1), and high nitrogen(HN, 80 kg·hm-2·a-1). The response of plant biomass and its distribution to nitrogen deposition were analyzed in Chinese fir saplings. No significant differences in the leaf, bark, trunk, branch, root, aboveground part, and total biomass were observed between the CK and LN treatment groups（P＞0.05), nor between the CK and HN treatment groups（P＞0.05). However, the root biomass in the HN treatment was significantly greater than that in the CK treatment（P＜0.05). No significant differences in the leaf, branch, bark, and trunk mass ratios were observed between the LN and CK treatments（P＞0.05). Moreover, the mass, root leaf, and root shoot ratios increased significantly in the LN treatment（P＜0.05), while the aboveground part mass ratio decreased（P＜0.05). The leaf, branch, bark, trunk, aboveground part, and root mass ratios as well as the root shoot ratio did not differ significantly between the HN and CK treatments（P＞0.05); however, the root leaf ratio increased significantly relative to that in the CK treatment（P＜0.05). Leaf and branch biomass as well as leaf, branch, trunk, and aboveground part biomass exhibited a significant positive correlation under different nitrogen deposition treatments（P＜0.01). Branch and trunk biomass were positively correlated under both CK and HN treatments, while showing a significant negative correlation under LN treatment（P＜0.01). Aboveground part biomass and root biomass were positively correlated under CK treatment, but negatively correlated under LN and HN treatments（P＜0.01). In conclusion, nitrogen deposition generally promoted the growth of Chinese fir saplings and increased biomass accumulation. The growth of Chinese fir saplings was maintained through the greater allocation of biomass to roots. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We aimed to understand the stand biomass and their allocation in Pinus taiwanensis forests at different altitudes（922, 1 170, and 1 405 m) along the Lushan Mountains. The results from our study will provide a basis for assessing and predicting the productivity and carbon sequestration potential of subtropical mountain coniferous forests, in the context of future climate change conditions. We sampled nine forest plots and used allometric equations to estimate the biomass of different organs of each individual. The one-way analysis of variance and least significant difference method were used to assess the differences in forest characteristics, stand biomass, biomass allocations, and root-to-shoot ratio among the three altitudes. All stand characteristics peaked in the forest plots at mid-elevation. The stand biomass of P. taiwanensis forests ranged from 47.22 to 131.55 t·hm-2 and showed a unimodal altitudinal pattern, with the value at 1 405 m being significantly lower than those at 922 and 1 170 m（P＜0.05). The contributions of the biomass of each organ to the stand biomass（trunk＞root＞branch＞leaf) did not differ among altitudes. The average root-to-shoot ratio of P. taiwanensis was 0.23, which increased with increasing altitude. The root-to-shoot ratio at 1 405 m was significantly higher than that at the mid-and low-elevation sites（P＜0.05). Both the stand biomass and biomass of each organ showed a unimodal altitudinal pattern, indicating that the optimal growing conditions at mid-elevations could favor biomass accumulation in Taiwan pine. Contrastingly, the increase in root-to-shoot ratio with increasing altitude implied that Taiwan pine tended to allocate more carbon to belowground structures at high elevations, to withstand unfavorable growing conditions. These altitudinal patterns in stand biomass, carbon allocation, and root-to-shoot ratio reflected the integrated adaptations of P. taiwanensis forests to environmental changes, such as that in temperature, soil moisture, and nutrient availability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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【Objective】The purpose of this study was to reveal the effects of flat stubble in different seasons on biomass allocation and allometric growth of Pinus yunnanensis Franch. 【Method】The biomass accumulation and biomass allocation patterns of P. yunnanensis in spring, summer and autumn were studied by digging method and weighing method, and the allometric growth relationships between organs and total biomass, organs and organs biomass were analyzed by allometric growth analysis method. 【Result】Except lateral roots, the biomass accumulation of other components in spring was significantly higher than that in summer and autumn; In spring and autumn, the biomass distribution of needles and stems was significantly greater than that of other components, while in summer, the biomass distribution of stems was significantly greater than that of other components; In spring and summer, the biomass distribution of lateral roots was significantly lower than that of other components, while in autumn, the sprouting was significantly lower than that of other components. The trade-off law of underground and aboveground biomass was as follows: the underground and aboveground biomass grew at the same speed in spring and summer, and tend to grow above the ground in autumn. In different seasons of flat stubble, the growth rate of needles in seedling components maintained the maximum, followed by lateral roots; However, there were significant differences in the growth rate between taproot and stem, taproot and needle, sprout and needle, sprout and taproot component biomass, indicating that the allometric growth relationship was significantly affected by the flat stubble season. The effects of flat stubble on the growth rate of seedling components in different seasons were discrepant, the highest growth rate was needle leaf, followed by lateral root; From the growth rate between sprouts and biomass of each component, the growth rate of sprouts with flat stubble was the fastest in autumn, the second in spring and the slowest in summer. 【Conclusion】The flat stubble season changed the biomass accumulation and biomass distribution mode of P. yunnanensis. The flat stubble season had different effects on the allometric growth of each component, but the needle and lateral roots in the seedling component always maintained a large growth rate, which was not affected by the flat stubble season. Considering comprehensively that P. yunnanensis seedlings with flat stubble should be stubble in spring or autumn, the biomass of flat stubble initiation zone in spring was large, and the growth rate of flat stubble initiation zone in autumn was fast. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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We investigated the responses of leaf and individual traits, growth, and fluorescence characteristics of seedlings of two dominant species of broad-leaved Korean pine forest in Changbai Mountain, i.e., Pinus koraiensis and Quercus mongolica, to five spectrum-attenuation treatments. Results showed that the architecture and growth of P. koraiensis and Q. mongolica seedlings were mainly regulated by ultraviolet B (UV-B) radiation and blue light. The attenuation of blue light significantly decreased leaf area ratio and relative growth rate of two species. The attenuation of UV-B radiation significantly increased leaf area ratio and relative growth rate of P. koraiensis seedlings by 41.8% and 47.7%, respectively, and significantly decreased plant height, total leaf area, and biomass accumulation of Q. mongolica seedlings. Furthermore, the attenuation of UV-B radiation significantly decreased the fluorescence regulation ability of two tree seedlings, with lower magnitude of P. koraiensis than Q. mongolica. The non-regulatory quantum yield (ΦNO) of P. koraiensis increased by 31.6%, and the ΦNPQ/ΦNO ratio, an indicator for photosynthetic fluorescence regulation ability, decreased by 37.5%. These results suggested that those two species might have evolved adaptation strategies to changes in canopy spectral compositions of their respective habitats. Q. mongolica seedlings tended to improve light capture ability through rapid morphological responses, while P. koraiensis seedlings preferred to increase carbon assimilation efficiency by adjusting fluorescence characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of cotton intercropping system is the main strategy to alleviate the conflict between cotton and other crops for land in the Yellow River Basin of China, but the mechanism of cotton yield increases in cotton intercropping system is still unclear. In this study, a two-year field experiment with cotton-based intercropping systems (wheat/cotton, garlic/cotton, and peanut/cotton) and three root partitions (no, mesh, and plastic partitions) to study the effects of different crops intercropped with cotton on yield, biomass accumulation and allocation. The study showed that: (1) The land equivalent ratios (LERs) of different crops intercropped with cotton were greater than 1, indicating that the cotton intercropping system in the experiment had intercropping advantage. The resource competitiveness of wheat and garlic relative to cotton was greater than 0, indicating that wheat and garlic were dominant species in the co-growth period of wheat/cotton intercropping and garlic/cotton intercropping systems, whereas the resource competitiveness of peanuts relative to cotton was less than 0, indicating that cotton was dominant species in peanut/cotton intercropping system. (2) Dry matter accumulation of the leaf and stem in sole cotton cropping system was more than that of intercropping systems at bud stage, while the dry matter accumulation in intercropping systems was more than that in sole cotton cropping after the flowering and boll stages. The reproductive organs dry matter accumulation in intercropping systems was also higher than that in sole cotton cropping system. (3) The distribution rate of the stem and leaf in sole cotton was significantly higher than that in cotton intercropped with wheat, garlic, and peanut at bud stage and initial flowering stage, but the difference was not significant at full-bloom and open boll stages. However, the opposite pattern was observed in dry matter distribution rate of reproductive organs. These results can provide theoretical support for the mechanisms of cotton intercropping advantage and scientific basis for the productivity improvement of intercropping systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the functional traits of annual branchlets and leaves of Michelia odora, an endangered species, were sampled and measured along five different latitude gradients in Guangxi. The variation of biomass distribution and leaf functional traits along the latitude gradient were discussed. The results were as follows:(1)The total branchlet weight and total leaf weight tended to allometric growth relationship with the increase of latitude, and its biomass tended to the construction of branchlets.(2)The functional traits of the leaves showed a certain rule, i. e. increased with latitude from south to north, and its leaf area and leaf mass decrease of with the increasing latitude; leaf thickness, leaf dry matter content, stomatal length, stomatal area, stomatal density showed a trend of gradual increase; specific leaf area, leaf water content and stomatal width increased at first and then decreased, and overall showed a trend of gradual decrease, leaf tissue density decreased and then increased, which indicates that M. odora can respond to changes in the geographical environment through the plasticity of the leaf shape.(3)Specific leaf area was significantly positively correlated with leaf moisture content, but negatively correlated with leaf fresh weight, leaf dry matter content, and stomatal density. There was a significantly negative correlation between leaf dry matter content and leaf water content, which means that M. odora can respond to the change of geographical environment by adjusting and balancing the character combination of leaves.(4)CCA analysis showed that slope was the most significant variable affecting the functional traits of M. odora, the mean annual temperature also had a significant impact on the functional traits of M. odora, the mean annual precipitation, and relative humidity had a certain intensity effect on plant functional traits, but not significant. All the results are helpful to understand the adaptation characteristics of M. odora to the environment, and its response mechanism to latitude variation is of great significance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Acta Prataculturae Sinica is the property of Acta Prataculturae Sinica Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Allelochemicals secreted by invasive alien plants can affect the growth and physiological characteristics of native plants, and nutrient availabilities have an important influence on the allelopathic potential of invasive plants. The Lycopersicon esculentum planted in situ was adjacent to the same species of L. esculentum, Sphagneticola trilobata and S. calendulacea, and 15%, 25%, 50% and 75% Hoagland solution were simulated different nutrient availabilities in greenhouse control experiments, in order to investigate the allelopathic effects of the invasive plant S. trilobata and its native congener S. calendulacea on leaf chlorophyll fluorescence parameters and biomass of the native plant Lycopersicon esculentum under different nutrient availabilities. The results were as follows:(1)The chlorophyll fluorescence parameters and biomass of L. esculentum at 75% Hoagland solution were significantly higher than those of the other three nutrient availabilities.(2)As the nutrient availabilities decreased, PS Ⅱ maximum photochemical efficiency(Fv/Fm), effective PS Ⅱ quantum yield [Y(Ⅱ)], photochemical quenching coefficient(qp)of L. esculentum leaves and the total biomass of L. esculentum plants were remarkably reduced, while non-photochemical quenching coefficient(NPQ)and the biomass allocation to roots were increased.(3)Under 25% Hoagland solution, Fv/Fm, Y(Ⅱ), qp and total biomass of L. esculentum planted with Sphagneticola trilobata were remarkably lower than those of Lycopersicon esculentum planted with Sphagneticola calendulacea, NPQ and the biomass allocation to roots were remarkably higher than those of Lycopersicon esculentum planted with Sphagneticola calendulacea. The above results demonstrate that S. trilobata and S. calendulacea may inhibit the growth of Lycopersicon esculentum through the secretion of allelochemicals in roots, and the allelopathic effects of Sphagneticola trilobata is stronger than S. calendulacea. Therefore, increasing nutrient availabilities in cultivation substrate can dramatically reduce the allelopathic effects of S. trilobata and S. calendulacea on Lycopersicon esculentum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Acta Prataculturae Sinica is the property of Acta Prataculturae Sinica Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Tagetes minuta, as a newly invasive species in Tibet of China, its damage is beginning to appear. However, there are few studies on its invasion mechanism in China. In order to explore the biomass and its allocation characteristics of population modules of T. minuta in heterogeneous habitats, and to further understand its survival strategies and invasive habitats, we determined and analyzed the biomass characteristics and calculated the index values of phenotypic plasticity of the population modules in the flowering and fruiting stages of the T. minuta in five typical invasive habitats, including vegetable garden, orchard, roadside, wasteland and riverside. The results were as follows:(1)The basic law of biomass of module in T. minuta population was stem > flower and fruit > leaf > root. The biomass of each module was the largest in the roadside and the smallest in the vegetable garden, and there were significant differences between these two habitats(P<0.05).(2)The total coefficient of variation(CV)and phenotypic plasticity index(PI), based on maximum and minimum means of each module were 46.93% and 61.44%, respectively.(3)The relationship between biomass ratio of reproductive module and nutrient module of T. minuta was wasteland > roadside > orchard > riverside > vegetable garden, and the root-shoot ratio was vegetable garden > wasteland > riverside > roadside > orchard.(4)There were significantly positive correlation between biomass of different modules, between biomass of different modules and total biomass, which showed its ensemble and consistent strategy of survival. The above results indicate that T. minuta can adapt to heterogeneous habitats by adjusting the biomass of each module, and thus has a strong phenotypic plasticity. High reproductive output and adaptability to heterogeneous environments may be the important reasons for its successful invasion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Bulletin of Botanical Research is the property of Bulletin of Botanical Research Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Vetiveria zizanioides is a good ecological restoration species in mining wasteland. The study on relationship between biomass allocation and allometry will contribute to deepen understanding the survival strategy and ecological function of V. zizanioides in mining area. V. zizanioides planted on coal spoil-heaps of Dahe Coal Mine in Liupanshui City of Guizhou Province for 4, 5, 8, 15 a were used as research objects, the total biomass were obtained by using excavation and weight methods, and organ biomass, allocation ratios and the allometric relationships among the four different planting years were compared. The results were as follows:(1)The biomasses of roots, stems and leaves increased firstly and then decreased with the increase of planting years, and reached the maximum at 5 a of planting and the minimum at 15 a of planting.(2)Stem peaked in biomass distribution ratio in the 15 a of planting(37.3%), while leaf did in the 5 years of planting(36.1%), and the root did not change with the increase of planting years(30%).(3)In planting for 4, 5, 8 a, the total biomass of aboveground biomass was in allometric relationships with root and leaf biomasses. In planting for 5 a, the leaf area was in allometric relationships with root and leaf biomasses, and was in isometric growth relationship with stem biomass. There was no consistency between allocation pattern and allometric relationship in different planting years, but it reflected the characteristics of V. zizanioides biomass allocation on showed its special growth, and would provide theretical reference for ecological management of V. zizanioides on coal spoil-heaps. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The river basin of Ebi Lake represents a typical ecosystem in arid land, a sensitive area for global change and a key protected area for biodiversity. The study of the relationship among biomass allocation of above-ground and below-ground plant, response mechanism of edaphic factor, and allometry helps understand the plants' survival and optimization strategies in terms of soil conditions and ecological functions. With excavation as the method that gave us adequate biomass information and the physical and chemical properties of the soil, four desert plants in the research area were analyzed: Suaeda salsa, Seriphidium kaschgaricum, Horaninowia ulicina, and Alhagi sparsifolia, among which the biomass, its allocation ratio in response to the edaphic factor, and allometric models were compared. The results were as follows:(1)There were significant differences in the biomass and its allocation ratios among the four plants, with Seriphidium kaschgaricum having the largest above-ground and below-ground biomass, while Horaninowia ulicina the smallest; The R/S(root-shoot ratio)showed Alhagi sparsifolia > Horaninowia ulicina and Seriphidium kaschgaricum > Suaeda salsa(P<0.05).(2)The effect of edaphic factor on R/S analyzed with RDA showed that the interpretability of edaphic factors towards R/S in terms of the four plants were 16.3%, 24.8%, 33.1% and 35.4%, respectively. Among them, the soil total nitrogen had a positive correlation with the R/S of Horaninowia ulicina (P<0.05), and the soil moisture a significantly positive correlation with the R/S of Suaeda salsa(P<0.01).(3)The four plants all had significant correlations with regards to AGB-BGB(P<0.01), where the AGB-BGB of Seriphidium kaschgaricum had a pattern of isometric scaling(α=1), while both Horaninowia ulicina and Alhagi sparsifolia showed an allometric scaling of α=3/4, and Suaeda salsa belonged to the allometric scaling of a non-3/4 power exponent(α<1). All the four plants shared a common allometric scaling index(0.767). The above results indicate that the desert plants in Ebi Lake have functional convergence, and the characteristics of their spatial distribution are species-specific in response to edaphic factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Journal of Ecology & Rural Environment is the property of Journal of Ecology & Rural Environment Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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Copyright of Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology / Yingyong Shengtai Xuebao is the property of Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology / Yingyong Shengtai Xuebao is the property of Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Bulletin of Botanical Research is the property of Bulletin of Botanical Research Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology / Yingyong Shengtai Xuebao is the property of Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In this study, using four common gardens from high to low elevations, we examined the shifts in the biomass allocation to leaves, stems and roots of three dominant species Elymus nutans, Kobresia humilis and Polygonum viviparum in alpine grasslands on the Tibetan Plateau, and explored whether this changes are controlled by the environmental factors, or by the genetic factors. In 2012, using three dominant species in alpine grasslands from the same provenance, we established four common garden experiments in Dawu, Guoluo; the Haibei Station, Haibei; Xining, and Yuzhong, Lanzhou from high to low altitudes. We used the mass fraction of leaves (LMF), stems (SMF), roots (RMF) and shoot to root ratios (R/S ratio) individually as the variables to describe plant allocation. Our results showed: (1) there were significant differences in the biomass allocation to leaves, stems, roots and R/S ratios among three species examined; compared to E. nutans and P. viviparum, K. humilis had a higher RMF but lower LMF and SMF, and thus a higher R/S ratio; (2) during the transplantation from high to low altitudes, for P. viviparum, SMF apparently decreased while RMF significantly increased, but LMF had no changes, leading R/S ratios to having an increasing trend; by contrast, for E. nutans, LMF and SMF markedly increased while RMF significantly declined, which led R/S ratio to having a decreasing trend; (3) since mean annual temperature increases and mean annual precipitation decreases from high to low elevations, and there are the same plant origin and soil matrix among four common gardens, temperature is the main factor driving the shifts of biomass allocation to leaves, stems, roots of P. viviparum, by contrast, water availability is the primary factor driving the shifts of biomass allocation to leaves, stems, roots of E. nutans, whereas the changes in biomass allocation to leaves, stems, roots of K. humilis is controlled by its genetic effects. Therefore, under the future warmer and drier conditions, the biomass allocation to leaves, stems, roots of plant species in alpine grasslands would shift, and this shift would change the acquisition and utilization of resources (such as light, water and soil nutrients) and further change interspecific interactions, and at last would lead to changes in community diversity and species composition, and even ecosystem functioning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to investigate the short term response of rare tree species to nitrogen addition, the seedling growth and biomass allocation of Semiliquidambar cathayensi, Tsoongiodendron odorum, Symplocos tetagona under five soil nitrogen levels(0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.4 and 0.6g · kg 1soil) were studied for more than four months. The results showed that the seedlings of the three tree species responded differently to the different nitrogen content levels. The plant height, basal diameter, crown width, total biomass and the biomass of each organs increased significantly in the seedlings of Tsoongiodendron odorum. Low and medium nitrogen promoted and high nitrogen inhibited the growth of Semiliquidambar cathayensis seedlings. The morphology and growth parameters of Symplocos tetagona seedlings were not significantly different among low nitrogen contents, but were inhibited under medium amount of nitrogen. The biomass allocation of three species seedlings varied significantly among different nitrogen treatments. With the increase of nitrogen levels, the root mass ratio and the ratio of root / shoot of Tsoongiodendron odorum seedlings decreased significantly, and those parameters of Semiliquidambar cathayensis seedlings increased significantly with the increase of nitrogen levels except for the highest nitrogen treatment. The root biomass ratio and the ratio of root / shoot of Symplocos tetagona seedlings increased significantly with the nitrogen content, which may relate to the growth of stem and leaf that were inhibited under medium and high nitrogen levels. Overall, Tsoongiodendron odorum seedlings were more resistant to high nitrogen loads, Semiliquidambar cathayensis seedlings came to the second, and Symplocos tetagona seedlings were not resistant to high nitrogen loads. At the end of the growing season, the height, basal diameter and total biomass relative growth rate of Semiliquidambar cathayensis seedlings were significantly higher than those of the other two plant species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology / Yingyong Shengtai Xuebao is the property of Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

To clarify the effects of density and soil environmental factors on the biomass allocation of Phyllostachys glauca in limestone mountain, nine plots were set in Ruichang City, Jiangxi Province, China. The structural component biomass and the ramet biomass as well as the density of P. glauca forest were measured. Meanwhile, soil environmental factors including water content, soil depth, rock coverage, pH, electrical conductivity, total nitrogen and total phosphorus were determined. The results of correlation and regression analysis were as follows: (1) The density of P. glauca forest was significantly associated with the stump mass fraction (SuMF) and the correlation coefficient was 0.66 (P<0.05), while it had no relevant relation with other indexes of biomass allocation, such as leaf mass fraction (LMF), branch mass fraction (BMF), stem mass fraction (SeMF), rhizome mass fraction (RhMF), root mass fraction (SoMF)and root shoot ratio (RSR). The soil environmental factors were also significantly correlated with the biomass allocation indexes. Two principal components extracted from the seven soil environment factors were transformed to principal component variables Z1 and Z2. Z1 was significantly correlated with LMF, SeMF and SuMF (P<0.05), and Z2 was significantly correlated with RhMF (P<0.05). (2) Considering the close correlation between the density and the soil environmental factors (P<0.05), the partial correlation analysis was employed. The results showed that the density and biomass allocation were not significantly correlated (P>0.05) when the soil environmental factors were controlled; while the soil environmental factors and the biomass allocation were significantly correlated (P<0.05) when the density was controlled. Moreover, stepwise regression analysis also showed the similar result that the density was excluded from the regression equation. It indicated that soil environmental factors including water content, soil depth and soil nutrient were the principal factors influencing the biomass allocation of P. glauca, while the influence of density on the biomass allocation was the indirect influence of soil environmental factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology / Yingyong Shengtai Xuebao is the property of Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology / Yingyong Shengtai Xuebao is the property of Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In the study, Arthraxon hispidus was planted in the pots with five shading gradients( 0, 10%, 30%, 50%, 70%). After two months, the quantitative traits of components, including root, stem, leave, flower and seed were determined. At the same time, we also measured biomass for each component. The objective was to analyze the difference about the growth traits and biomass allocation of A. hispidus in different shading degrees. The results showed that:( i) The shade had a significant impact on component traits of A. hispidus. The effect level existed difference for each component of single branch. They were total leaf number leaf width leaf length leaf thickness, total stem length natural height internode length internode number stem diameter tillers stem length, the longest root length root number total root length root volume, and seed number ear sessions inflorescence long ear stalk length inflorescence number, respectively.( ii) Shading degree significantly affected component traits of A. hispidus. That's to say, the response of different component to shade had significant difference.( iii) Shade had effect on biomass accumulation of component. And the effect order was total biomass stem biomass leaf biomass inflorescence biomass root biomass.( iv) Shade significantly increased the distribution ratio across leaf or stem, while significantly reduced the distribution ratio across root or infloresences( P 0.01). Therefore, shade significantly affected the ratio of root to stem. And aboveground and belowground biomass was more imbalance with the shading degree increasing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We investigated the responses of leaf and individual traits, growth, and fluorescence characteristics of seedlings of two dominant species of broad-leaved Korean pine forest in Changbai Mountain, i.e ., Pinus koraiensis and Quercus mongolica , to five spectrum-attenuation treatments. Results showed that the architecture and growth of P. koraiensis and Q. mongolica seedlings were mainly regulated by ultraviolet B (UV-B) radiation and blue light. The attenuation of blue light significantly decreased leaf area ratio and relative growth rate of two species. The attenuation of UV-B radiation significantly increased leaf area ratio and relative growth rate of P. koraiensis seedlings by 41.8% and 47.7%, respectively, and significantly decreased plant height, total leaf area, and biomass accumulation of Q. mongolica seedlings. Furthermore, the attenuation of UV-B radiation significantly decreased the fluorescence regulation ability of two tree seedlings, with lower magnitude of P. koraiensis than Q. mongolica . The non-regulatory quantum yield ( Φ NO ) of P. koraiensis increased by 31.6%, and the Φ NPQ / Φ NO ratio, an indicator for photosynthetic fluorescence regulation ability, decreased by 37.5%. These results suggested that those two species might have evolved adaptation strategies to changes in canopy spectral compositions of their respective habitats. Q. mongolica seedlings tended to improve light capture ability through rapid morphological responses, while P. koraiensis seedlings preferred to increase carbon assimilation efficiency by adjusting fluorescence characteristics.

By using layering harvest method, a comparative study was conducted on the biomass allocation and its spatial distribution of 20-year-old Eucalyptus camaldulensis plantation, Leucaena leucocephala plantation, and E. camaldulensis-L. leucocephala plantation in Yuanmou dry-hot valley of Yunnan Province, Southwest China. The stand biomass in the mixed E. camaldulensis-L. leucocephala plantation (82. 99 t·hm-2) was between that of monoculture E. camaldulensis plantation (60. 64 t·hm-2) and L. leucocephala plantation (127. 79 t·hm-2). The individual tree biomass of E. camaldulensis in the mixed plantation (44. 32 kg) was 49. 8% higher than that in monoculture plantation (29. 58 kg). The branch and leaf biomass of L. leucocephala (25. 4%) in monoculture plantation was larger than that of E. camaldulensis (8. 9%) in monoculture plantation, and the aboveground biomass distribution ratio (78. 0%) of L. leucocephala (25. 4%) was also higher than that of E. camaldulensis (73. 4%). The roots of L. leucocephala in both monoculture and mixed plantations were mainly distributed in 0-40 cm soil layer, while those of E. camaldulensis in monoculture and mixed plantations were mainly found in 0-80 cm and 0-60 cm, respectively. The proportion of biomass allocated to roots including medium roots, small roots, and fine roots of L. leucocephala in mixed plantation was higher than that in monoculture plantation, but it was contrary for E. camaldulensis. It was suggested that introducing L. leucocephala in E. camaldulensis plantation promoted the growth of E. camaldulensis, especially for its aboveground biomass, and increased the amount of lateral roots in 0-20 cm soil layer, which had significance in soil and water conservation in the study area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A greenhouse control experiment was conducted to explore the effects of nitrogen and carbon addition and arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) on the growth of alien invasive plant Ambrosia artemisiifolia (common ragweed). Nitrogen addition had no significant effects on the morphological indices, biomass and its allocation, and absolute growth rate of A. artemisiifolia, but increased the nitrogen content in the aboveground and underground parts of the plant significantly. Carbon addition increased the content of soil available nitrogen. In this case, the biomass allocation in root system for nutrient (nitrogen) absorption promoted, resulting in a remarkable decrease of branch number, total leaf area, specific leaf area (SLA), and leaf mass ratio. As a result, the total biomass decreased significantly. The symbiosis of A. artemisiifolia and AM fungi had great influence on the common ragweed's soil nitrogen acclimation, which enhanced its resource-capture by the increase of SLA, and this effect was more significant when the soil nitrogen content was low. AM fungi played an important role in the growth of A. artemisiifolia in low-nitrogen environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An investigation was conducted on the vegetative and reproductive biomass allocation of Stipa grandis at the hill-top and hill-foot of Xilingol grassland, and relatedness-and factor analyses were made to study the effects of hill position on the S. grandis seed biomass. Significant differences were observed in the vegetative and reproductive growth of S. grandis plants at the hill-top and hill-foot. At hill-foot, the height and number of non-flowering S. grandis ramets increased by 24.69% and 35.37%, respectively, the number of flowering ramets increased by 102.97%, the vegetative, reproductive, and total biomass increased by 44.14%, 95.59% and 47.45%, respectively, and the 100-grain mass increased by 25.00%, as compared with those at hill-top. The seed biomass of S. grandis at hill-top was mainly affected by soil moisture content, while that at hill-foot was mainly affected by soil pH. Hill position induced the differentiation of soil moisture and N contents, and made the S. grandis at the fertile hill-foot allocating more energy to its sexual reproduction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The adaptation strategy of seedlings plays a decisive role in population regeneration. Machilus nanmu is a tree species belonging to Lauraceae, which is national class Ⅱ protected species and one of the dominant species in the evergreen broadleaved forest in Jinyun Mountain, Chongqing. Therefore, it is of great significance to understand the adaptation strategies of M. nanmu seedlings to maintain population regeneration and protect the biodiversity of evergreen broadleaved forest. We studied the temporal dynamics of early adaptation strategy of M. nanmu in Jinyun Mountain in Chongqing and its response to heterogeneous habitats from the perspective of morphology and biomass allocation. The seedlings of M. nanmu were classified into different age stages (stage 1: 1-3 a; stage 2: 4-6 a; stage 3: 7-9 a) under different canopy environments (gap/understory). Stem configurations (except branch angle) and leaf inclination angle of M. nanmu seedlings in the gap were significantly greater than understory at stages 2 and 3. Root configurations (except root diameter) and leaf area were significantly greater than that in the understory at stages 1 and 2. Specific leaf area in the gap was significantly smaller than understory at all three stages. Across all the conditions, biomass distribution was dominated by leaves. From the stage 2, stem biomass distribution of M. nanmu seedlings in the gap was increased, while root biomass distribution was decreased. There was no significant variation in root biomass of M. nanmu seedlings in the understory. The coordination among different organs of M. nanmu seedlings would help their adaptation to different habitats. Root and leaf of M. nanmu seedlings in the gap were significantly correlated, with the correlation changing from positive to negative as the age increased. While in the understory, there was significant positive correlation between root and stem, but no correlation between root and leaf. The slope of SMA equation of branch weight and branch length had significant difference under different canopy environments only at stage 3, while the slope of SMA equation of leaf and root biomass and configuration had no significant difference. Most of the SMA equation intercepts between biomass and configuration differed significantly at stage 2.

This study aimed at understanding the differences in traits of functional twigs and leaves of a typical alpine shrub species, Rhododendron przewalskii , at Kaka Mountain in the headwater region of Minjiang River. Leaf and twig traits were compared for shrubs at different growth stages (flower bud stage and flowering stage) and altitude (3600 m and 3800 m). The effects of spatial heterogeneity on their correlations and trade-offs were evaluated at leaf and twig levels, respectively. Our results showed that twig length was significantly longer at low altitude than high altitude for the shubs at the same growth stage. The number and mass of flowers at flowering stage were significantly higher at high altitude than those at low altitude. At the same altitude, twig mass, number of leaves, total leaf mass, total leaf area and total petiole mass were all significantly greater at the flower bud stage than those at the flowering stage, while the individual leaf mass and individual petiole mass at flower bud stage were significantly smaller than those at flowering stage. Compared with the flower bud stage, the proportion of leaf mass decreased by 13% at the flowering stage, while biomass proportion of twig significantly increased. At the flower bud stage, twig mass had a higher contribution to total twig mass. In contrast, the contribution of total leaf mass to total twig mass was higher at flowering stage. More biomass of leaf was allocated to individual leaf mass at flower bud stage. More biomass of leaf was allocated to individual petiole mass and individual leaf mass at flowering stage at low altitude and high altitude, respectively. At low altitude, allometric growth patterns presented between twig mass and total leaf area, total leaf mass. Similarly, individual petiole mass and individual leaf area had allometric growth. Our results indicated that the functional traits of twigs and leaves varied across both altitude and plant growth stage.