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In order to identify biomarkers of lipid deterioration in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) muscle during cold storage, the lipid profile change of the grass carp muscle stored at 4 ℃ for different periods (3, 6, and 9 d) was investigated by UPLC-Q Exactive HF-X. Multivariate statistical analysis and one-way ANOVA were used to screen the differential lipids during the cold storage, and then to enrich the metabolic pathways involved in the differential lipids through the KEGG database. The results showed that the pH in grass carp muscle decreased gradually, while the thiobarbituric acid reactive substance, total free fatty acid content, and volatile base total nitrogen increased gradually, reaching 0.82 µg/kg, 168.22 µg/10 g and 23.63 mg/100 g, respectively, on the 9 d of cold storage. A total of 1265 lipid molecules belonging to 5 categories and 35 subclasses were identified in the chilled grass carp muscle. Glycerol phospholipids (GP) and glycerol esters (GL) were the main components of lipids in grass carp muscle. There was no significant difference in lipid profile between grass carp muscle refrigerated for 3~6 days (P>0.05), but there were significant changes in lipid composition when refrigerated for 9 days. Fatty acyl (FA) and sphingolipids (SP) were the major different lipids in the early stage of refrigeration (3~6 days), and GP was the main lipids with significant changes in the late stage of refrigeration (6~9 days). A total of 20 different lipid molecules were screened from multivariate statistical difference analysis, and they were mainly glycerol ester and glycerol phospholipid, among which PE (16:1e/22:6) showed significant differences (P

To explore the different extraction methods and traditional refining process of squid visceral fish oil and its quality changes, the deep-sea squid viscera from the Equator, Argentina, and the North Pacific were used as raw materials in this study. Firstly, different organic reagent extraction methods and compound methods were used to extract fish oil from Argentine squid viscera. The method with the highest oil yield and best quality was selected for refining three types of crude squid visceral oil. The sensory morphology, physicochemical indicators, fatty acid composition and volatile flavor compounds of three types of crude and refined squid visceral oils were analyzed. The results showed that the oil extraction method of the No.6 solvent assisted freeze-thaw was the best, with a yield of 12.90%, and the physical and chemical indexes of squid visceral oil after refining were significantly improved. The peroxide value, insoluble impurities, color difference value, acid value, moisture and volatiles, and anisidine values were significantly reduced (P

Objective With increasing difficulty in phosphate ore prospecting, there are an increasing number of geological exploration reports. The manual recognition of geological information related to phosphate rock mineralization in massive documents is time-consuming and inefficient. It cannot meet the needs of knowledge sharing, dissemination and intelligent management of geological reports. Methods To quickly obtain the ore-forming geological knowledge hidden in the phosphate ore reports, this work intends to establish an automatic recognition method for ore-forming geological entities based on the extreme learning machine network(XLNET) model. First, BIO labelling of entities was carried out to establish a geological entity dictionary, and XLNET was used as the underlying preprocessing model to learn the bidirectional semantics of sentences. Then, the BILSTM-Attention-CRF(bidirectional long short term memory(BILSTM)-self attention layer(Attention)-conditional random field(CRF)) model was used to realize intelligent classification of multiple text labels. Finally, the ore-forming conditions and ore-forming model of phosphate ore in the reports were roughly predicted by locating the distribution position of phosphate ore entities in the report. Results Comparing this model with the other three models, these results show that the accuracy rate, recall rate and F1 value of this model are close to 90%, which are 2%, 5% and 6% higher than those of the previous three models, respectively. Conclusion This study provides a more efficient method for automatic geological entity recognition for geological researchers in the Kaiyang phosphate mine.

Objective To analyze the influencing factors of the repeat reactive (RR) rates of minipools implicated in minipool (MP) nucleic acid testing(NAT) in Xiamen Blood Center, in order to provide reference for NAT. Methods Samples of blood donors from January 1, 2019 to October 31, 2022 were collected in Xiamen Blood Center and tested by MP-NAT(pools of six). Statistical analysis and comparison of MP-NAT RR rates was performed among different years, testers, reagent batches, instrument combinations, CT values of MP-NAT reactive pools and sample backgrounds. Results A total of 234 715 blood samples were tested by MP-NAT, and 428 pools were reactive, in which 248 pools were individual-donor NAT reactive, with a MP-NAT RR rate of 57.9%. The difference of MP-NAT RR rates were not statistically significant among different years, testers, reagent batches, instrument combinations, and sample backgrounds (P> 0.05). The difference of MP-NAT RR rates among different CT values of MP-NAT reactive pools was statistically significant (χ2=69.587, P

The position distribution of fatty acids in triglycerides from different parts of freshwater fish was investigated in this paper. The position distribution of fatty acids on triglycerides Sn-1,2,3 in four parts (head, tail, back, and viscera) from three freshwater fish species (grass, black, and crucian carp) was analyzed by gas chromatography after the solid phase extraction, enzymatic hydrolysis. The results showed that a total of 21 fatty acids were monitored on triglycerides of three freshwater fish species. The content of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) ranged from 29.58% to 49.48%, and MUFAs located in Sn-1,3 positions were significantly higher than those in the Sn-2 position in all samples (P

Low-temperature preservation is an important storage method for grass carp. Although low temperature can not completely inhibit the activity of enzymes in fish, it can significantly decrease the activity of enzymes and inhibit the growth and reproduction of microorganisms in fish, thereby prolonging the shelf life of fish. When the storage temperature is relatively low, the quality and taste of grass carp are not easily lost, thereby delaying its spoilage. In response to the national development plan of the cold chain circulation in the "14th Five-Year Plan", it is necessary to delay the shelf life of grass carp and reduce the quality change of grass carp through effective preservation technology. This paper summarizes the effects of low-temperature preservation of grass carp on microbial and enzyme activities and reviews the principles and methods of several common low-temperature preservation methods of grass carp (cooling preservation, ice temperature preservation, micro-freezing preservation, frozen preservation, modified low-temperature preservation, compound preservation and new preservation technology), and their application in grass carp preservation, preservation effect. This study aims to provide a reference for low-temperature grass carp preservation and find a more practical and economical way of grass carp preservation.

Structured lipids are a new class of lipids recombined by combining fatty acids with special physiological functions at specific positions on the triglyceride backbone. Enzymatic catalyzed synthesis of structured lipids has attracted attention due to its mild reaction conditions, low energy consumption, simple separation and purification process, and the ability to synthesize functional fatty acids at specific acyl positions. However, with the increase of use times of lipases in industry, the catalytic activity of lipase decreases significantly, resulting in a decrease in the production of target structural lipids. This paper reviews the structure change, activity change and decreasing catalytic activity mechanisms of lipase-catalyzed synthesis of structured lipids in China and outside China in recent years. It found that the decrease of enzyme activity is mainly due to the destruction of the catalytic active center by strong or weak intermolecular interaction. This study provides a reference for solving the technical bottleneck of reducing lipase activity in the enzymatic synthesis of structured lipids.

In order to improve the high-value utilization of by-products from freshwater fish processing, crude fish oil was extracted from the viscera of three common freshwater fishes (grass carp, black carp and silver carp), and the physicochemical indexes, fatty acid composition as well as volatile flavor components were monitored. The findings indicated that a best quality was observed in black carp oil due to its lower peroxide value, acid value, moisture and volatile matter, anisidine value and unsaponifiable matter, followed by silver carp oil and grass carp oil. A total of 27 fatty acids were detected in silver carp oil accompanied by 22 and 16 fatty acids in black carp oil and grass carp oil. The most preponderant fatty acids in three crude fish oils were palmitic acid (C16:0), oleic acid (C18:1n-9c) as well as linoleic acid (C18:2n-6c), and a highest nutritional value was observed in silver carp oil. The 66 volatile compounds involving 17 hydrocarbons, 7 alcohols, 15 aldehydes, 3 ketones, 8 esters, 10 acids, 3 phenols and 3 other components were detected in three crude fish oils. The highest level of volatile substances in grass carp oil, black carp oil and silver carp oil were separately phenols (59.86%), alcohols (53.23%) and acids (27.64%). Additional, aldehydes, alcohols and phenols were found to be the prominence among the 10 key flavor components obtained from the three crude fish oils. Trans-2,4-decadienal, nonanal, trans-2,4-hepadienal, phenylacetaldehyde, 1-octanene-3-alcohol were the main fishy and oil flavor substances in crude fish oils.

BackgroundDomestic waste classification is one of the major livelihood projects in China. With the introduction of the Shanghai Household Waste Management Regulation in 2019, the work of domestic waste classification has been carried out nationwide, yet its potential risks especially those derived from microorganisms are not clear. ObjectiveTo investigate the microbial characteristics of the domestic waste in typical residential areas in Shanghai, and provide a theoretical basis for health protection during the domestic waste classification process in Shanghai and throughout China. MethodsDry and wet waste from a typical residential community in Shanghai were collected during 2019–2020. Microbial colonies were counted in domestic waste and analyzed for growth patterns. Then through 16S rRNA sequencing using lllumina PE250, hierarchical clustering analysis was conducted to reveal the similarity and dissimilarity of community compositions in different domestic waste groups, alpha diversity was estimated to reflect the richness and diversity of bacterial communities, principal co-ordinates analysis of unweighted UniFrac distance was performed to estimate the beta diversity, and linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe) was used to find features differentially represented among domestic waste groups. ResultsIn the chosen typical residential community of this study, the numbers of microorganisms in waste were quite different, with lower numbers of microorganisms in dry waste than the numbers in wet waste. In addition, different growth curves of microorganisms were shown for different seasons, and the peak baterial colony numbers were 200 CFU·cm−2, 6×105 CFU·mL−1, 10 CFU·cm−2, and 2×106 CFU·mL−1 for summer dry waste, summer wet waste, winter dry waste, and winter wet waste, respectively. The results of 16S RNA demonstrated significant differences in α and β diversity indicators among different waste groups, and the difference in waste classifications was larger than the difference of the same classification of waste in different seasons. The main compositions of bacterial colonies in domestic waste was Proteobacteria, followed by Firmicute and Bacteroidota. The clustering analysis showed that the microbial composition in summer dry waste was close to that in winter dry waste, while other groups were quite different. In total 48 differential bacterial taxa were found at the level of genus including Pseudomonas and Pantoea. ConclusionDifferent seasons and different classifications of domestic waste present varied microbial characteristics, with different potential pathogenic microorganisms. Together with other related studies, we suggest that different measures should be taken for different domestic wastes to prevent and control the health hazards associated with waste classification.

Recently, the adverse health effects of air pollution on human have attracted more and more attentions. Particulate matters (such as PM2.5 and PM10, with aerodynamic diameters ≤2.5 and ≤10 µm, respectively) and ozone are the major ambient pollutants in China. A large number of studies have shown that exposure to particulate matters or ozone induces metabolic abnormalities, such as type 2 diabetes. However, the underlying biological mechanisms are not clear. In this review, we introduced the epidemiological and toxicological research progress of the effects of air pollutants on hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. Considering the critical role of HPA axis in stress response, the molecular mechanisms of HPA axis-mediated glucose metabolism in fat, liver, muscle, and other tissues were also summarized. By integrating relevant literature and references, we proposed that HPA axis may play an important role in the abnormal glucose metabolism caused by air pollution, providing a scientific basis for future studies on the intervention methods of adverse health effects induced by air pollution.

The rotor shaft vibration of the helicopter transmission system is an important factor affecting its operational reliability. In order to improve the safety margin of torsional vibration of the rotor shaft system of a coaxial counter-rotating double-rotor transmission system，under the premise of considering the lightweight design，by changing the shaft section diameter size or changing the excitation frequency makes the natural frequency of torsional vibration stagger with the excitation frequency，so as to avoid resonance and realize the optimized design of shafting torsional vibration frequency modulation. The torsional vibration safety margin of the optimized shaft system reaches more than 10%，and the torsional vibration characteristics are effectively improved. The calculation and optimization methods have certain guiding significance for the improved design of the rotor shafting of the helicopter transmission system.

Coupling alignment of the motor-driven centrifugal compressor unit will affect the operation stability of the unit. Therefore, it is necessary to verify and correct the cold alignment data of the compressor manufacturer on site to ensure the accuracy of cold alignment, thus improving the quality of cold alignment of the unit. According to the structure and operation characteristics of centrifugal compressor unit, the differences of the unit in cold state and normal operation state were analyzed, the factors affecting the cold alignment were obtained, and the formula for calculating and correcting the cold alignment data was proposed. The effect of cold alignment was analyzed from the four aspects of material thermal expansion, rising height of shaft and deflection of alignment tool. In the calculation process of thermal expansion values, an obvious linear relationship was found, which simplified the numerical calculation of thermal expansion. The rising height of the rotor shaft center was obtained from the condition monitoring tool, the jacking height of rotor in the process of cold alignment was corrected, and the corrected cold alignment data was obtained finally, which is of reference significance to guide the cold alignment of compressor.

Emergency drainage device is an important safety device for floating roof tank to timely drain the overloaded water in case of emergency. In practical application, a large amount of maintenance work is required for the commonlyused float type emergency drainage device with water seal structure. Especially for the float type emergency drainage device in dry weather conditions, frequent water filling is required, and there is potential safety hazard of water seal failure that is difficult to recover. According to the characteristics of PVA and PVDC materials, the solution of a new type of emergency drainage device in composite membrane was designed. Based on its flame retardant modification, PVA was compounded with PVDC, and thereby an emergency drainage device with composite membrane as its main body was designed to make up for the deficiency of float-type emergency drainage device with water seal structure. The field test results show that, since there is no water seal in the composite membrane emergency drainage device of the floating roof tank, the maintenance workload is reduced and the operation safety of the floating roof tank is improved.

With the extension of service period of Shanshan-Lanzhou Oil Pipeline, Ruhrp pumps needed overhauling, for which the guidance of specific technical requirements would be required. According to the structural characteristics of Ruhr pumps, the key points and basis of overhaul of each structure were analyzed. Based on the structural characteristics of Ruhr pump rotor, the structural and technical requirements of the mechanical seal and structural parameters of the bearing, etc., the contents and technical requirements for overhaul of Ruhr pumps were summarized, the adjustment methods and technical requirements of impeller, mechanical seal, axial displacement, etc. as well as other points of focus in overhaul operation were specified. The application results show that after overhaul, the vibration of Ruhr pump is effectively reduced, and the operation parameters are obviously improved compared with those before the overhaul. It is supposed to provide some reference for the overhaul of Ruhr pump units and the centrifugal pump units.

DOI：10.3969/j.issn.1672⁃6731.2019.12.016

DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-6731.2019.02.013

The communication mechanism of wireless sensor and actor network (WSAN) was studied.Firstly,a proactive location management mechanism based on the update messages sent by mobile actors to sensors and the actors’ scope limited by Voronoi diagram was proposed.Thus,sensors predicted the movement of actors using Kalman filtering of the previously received updates.Then,an optimal energy-aware forwarding rule based on geographical routing was presented for sensor-actor communication,and the delay of the data delivery process was controlled using the power control and the network congestion was dealed with by forcing multiple actors to share the traffic generated in the event area.Finally,based on the characteristics of multiple concurrent events,a model for actor-actor coordination was proposed to coordinate their movements in order to optimally accomplish the tasks.Performance simulation results show that the proposed cooperative communication mechanism for WSAN can effectively reduce end-to-end delays,energy consumption and percentage of packet drops.

DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-6731.2019.06.014

DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-6731.2019.04.014

DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-6731.2017.10.012

DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-6731.2017.09.014

DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-6731.2017.07.012

DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-6731.2017.04.013

Objective To explore the clinical presentations, imaging features, probable pathogenesis and therapy of parkinsonism following ventriculoperitoneal shunt (VPS) in hydrocephalus. Methods and Results There were 3 cases of parkinsonism following VPS in hydrocephalus. Case 1 presented parkinsonism one month after the second ventricular shunt, which was not relieved by another VPS, and was then treated by levodopa and benserazide. Case 2 developed neck rigidity and bradykinesia 17 years after VPS. Symptoms worsened shortly after taking sulpiride and did not improved with sulpiride cessation. Bradykinesia and decreased speech occurred 5 months after VPS in Case 3, and parkinsonism aggravated rapidly on the following day after taking olanzapine. CT and/or MRI of 3 cases showed fluctuating change (enlarging-shrinking) of lateral ventricles. They were diagnosed as parkinsonism following VPS, and responded well to levodopa and benserazide. Conclusions Parkinsonism, a rare complication following VPS in hydrocephalus, may result from interruption of nigrostriatal pathways due to ventricular fluctuations. Administration of dopamine D2 receptor antagonist may exacerbate the symptoms of parkinsonism because of "double hit". Most patients are responsive to dopaminergic drugs. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-6731.2017.02.008

DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-6731.2016.09.017

A 19-year-old female was admitted to our department, complaining of shadow in front of the left eye for 8 months, headache for one month, blurred vision and tinnitus for 2 weeks. Bilateral papilledema was the presumed diagnosis. Neurological examination revealed modest left abducens nerve palsy, diplopia, nystagmus and a stiff neck. Lumbar puncture demonstrated marked intracranial hypertension (>330 mmH2O, normal range 70-180 mmH2O), modestly elevated protein (0.61 g/L, normal range 0.15-0.45 g/L), low concentration of glucose (1.90 mmol/L, normal range 2.80-4.50 mmol/L) and moderate pleocytosis (116/uL, normal range 0-8/uL). CSF cytology suggested lymphocyte-dominant inflammation with elevated ratio of eosinophils (5%, normal range 1-2%). Cranial MRI demonstrated a subarachnoid cystic lesion located at the right temporal lobe, 2 round-like cystic lesions located at the prepontine region. The positive antibodies to T. solium in serum and CSF further confirmed the diagnosis of neurocysticercosis. The patient received oral administration of antiparasitic drug (albendazole 0.40 g twice a day), intravenous infusion of mannitol (125 ml 2-4 times a day) and steroids (dexamethasone 5 mg twice a day) for 3 weeks. The patient experienced a febrile headache as the dose of steroids was reduced, but was rapidly resolved after resuming the steroids as well as intravenous antibiotics (ceftriaxone sodium, 1 g twice a day). After treatment, repeated cranial MRI demonstrated that the subarachnoid cystic lesion located at the right temporal lobe was modestly resolved, while lesions located at the prepontine region remained almost unchanged. The patient was then discharged, and was told to repeat the regimen 2-3 times at an interval of one month. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-6731.2015.06.016

Although there are many diseases which can cause cavernous sinus syndrome, granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) is rare. This paper reports a case of GPA in cavernous sinus to illustrate the important role of angiitis in cavernous sinus syndrome, which neurologists should pay more attention to. A 37-year-old woman presented palsy of left cranial nerves (CN) II, III, IV, VI and the branches of CN V. MRI showed an enhanced mass in the left cavernous sinus. Laboratory tests showed cytoplasmic ANCA was positive. The nasal mucosa biopsy revealed an inflammatory reaction, while a former renal biopsy had confirmed crescentic glomerulonephritis. The patient was diagnosed as cavernous sinus syndrome with GPA. After the therapy of pulse corticosteroids, the patient was given cyclophosphamide and tacrolimus as a long-term sequential therapy, which achieved a good response. GPA is not a common cause of cavernous sinus syndrome. Clinicians should have the insight into the potential pathogeny of cavernous sinus syndrome. Especially for female patients, the ANCA test may have more important value. Corticosteroids and immunosuppressants are effective treatment methods for GPA. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-6731.2015.05.015

This paper reports one patient, with a history of autoimmune gastritis, who presented dysuria and dysporia for 5 years, weakness of left upper limb for one and a half years, and numbness and weakness of extremities for 2 months. The patient’s symptoms were attributed to both vitamin B12 and copper deficiency myelopathy. Copper deficiency myelopathy (CDM) represents a treatable myelopathy which is highly similar to subacute combined degeneration due to vitamin B12 deficiency. Patients with both copper and vitamin B12 deficiency myelopathy were rare and should be considered in the differential diagnosis. It is crucial to evaluate concentration of serum copper and vitamin B12 simultaneously on patients with anaemia, sensory ataxia, paraesthesia and weakness of limbs. The spinal MRI usually showed high T2-weighted signal in the posterior and lateral cervical and/or thoracic cord. The patient in this report showed a significant clinical improvement of anaemia and weakness after copper and vitamin B12 supplementation therapy. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-6731.2015.03.016

According to the demand of clamping the medicine box proposed by the medicine factory,a new design scheme of underactuated manipulator is presented.The pneumatic drive is used in this design scheme of the manipulator,and using the theory of variable degree of freedom and dead center of mechanism,the actions of reliable clamping and lifting to medicine box are realized by using single power source.On this basis,through the structure analysis and calculation of its force,the function of manipulator is analyzed and the theoretical results are actually verified by entity model.The analysis of the manipulator shows that stability performance,large force clamping and the convenience of operation reached the the design requirements.

A safety test using open source tools was put forward to construct four layer network scan architecture pattern for monitoring server safety,it also can get an automatic analysis report of threaten for the administrators.Through the timing detection mechanism based on process from hardware to software,from the operating system to the service application even to the dynamic page script to build a full range,customizable，flexible combination of multi-level security

doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-6731.2014.10.017

doi：10.3969/j.issn.1672-6731.2013.11.014

An 85y/o female patient was admitted to our hospital on Sep. 20th, 2010, with left hemiplegia for 10 days. On 2010 Sep. 10th&12th, she slipped down twice with no dizziness and conscious loss. On 13th, she had progressive left hemiplegia. Head MRI+DWI showed abnormal long T1 and T2 signals at bilateral frontal lobe, basal ganglia and brain stem. DWI high signal lesion was in right basal ganglia. Cerebral infarction and unknown cerebral lesions were diagnosed. She had HTN & DM for many years and chronic kidney disease for 2 years. Multiple thyroid nodules and cancer was suspected before. She was a retired nurse. On physical examination, she was clear. Left hemiplegia and hemihypesthesia were found with positive Babinski sign. After admission, routine laboratory tests were carried out. CBC, coagulation test, liver and kidney function were negative. Urine Protein was 0.25g/L. ESR 31mm/h，HCY 19.5umol/L, TC 6.72mmol/l，TG 1.76mmol/L，LDL-C 4.46mmol/L； Echo showed normal changes in the elders. TCD showed basal artery stenosis. Thyroid function：A-TPO 65.26 IU/ml，A-Tg 414 IU/ml. ANA and ANCA were negative. Anti-thrombosis and rehabilitation were given and the muscle strength improved. In November, she began to have dullness and poor cognition, progressive dementia. MRI showed bilateral frontal lobe lesion enlarged. Contrast MRI showed multiple abnormal enhanced nodules and MRS analysis suspected lymphoma. PET：The lesion in the brain is probable malignant. The patients’ son refused to do a biopsy. In December, she began to have epilepsy, with right spasm, and AEDs were given. EEG showed abnormal slow waves in the areas correspondence to MRI. On Dec. 12th, left hemiplegia and dullness progressed with muscle strength 0-1 degree. MRI showed lesions in left frontal lobe decreased, but that in right lobe increased. Neuron protection and dehydration was given. On Dec. 22th, LP was done. CSF pressure 90mmH2O，CSF white cell number was normal，Protein 0.9g/L，Oligoclonal Band（+）, cytology and pathogen were all negative. CSF TB-Spot was negative. Lymphoma was suspected and steroids were suggested. But she had recurrent lung infection, it was not used. 2011-1MRI showed bilateral lesions were decreased and less swollen. She was stable on the supportive treatment. After March, 2011, she got recurrent pneumonia and heart failure. She was intubated and given mechanical ventilation. In April, her renal failure progressed but her son refused dialysis. She gradually got into coma and died on Jun. 4th. Clinical diagnosis &Differential diagnosis: It was an old female patient with progressive dementia and hemiplegia. Neuroimaging showed bilateral lesion on the hemisphere and brain stem. The lesion became necrosis and atrophy as time passed with no treatment. The differential diagnosis should include malignancy, inflammation and metabolism disease. Malignant tumors such as lymphoma, gliomatosis cerebri, and intravascular lymphoma could progress slowly and cause dementia. The massive contrast lesion and low NAA on MRS supported malignance. Besides, high metabolism on PET also suggested malignance. No inflammatory cell in CSF with increased protein level was in correspondence with tumor. Infectious and autoimmune inflammation, such as virus infection, prion infection, neurosyphilis, paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis, and vasculitis were important causes of dementia. Encephalopathy associated with abnormal thyroid function should also be thought about. But the negative result of serum screen and the imaging feature with massive abnormal enhancement ruled out most of the common etiologies. Lymphoma was highly suspected clinically. Autopsy diagnosis: multi focies and extensive tumor cells in frontal lobe, insula lobe, basal ganglia, corpus callosum with CD20, BCL-2(+), CD8,CD68(-). Beside the tumor cells there were focies of lymphocytes with CD8, CD20 and CD68 (+). White matter: gliosis, disperse tumor cells, Leukoaraiosis. Pathological diagnosis: lymphomatosis cerebri. Discussion Lymphomatosis cerebri was first reported by Bakshi et al in 1999. It was a special type of primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL). PCNSL usually presented as a focal of multifocal mass lesion, with well defined boundary, with or without enhancement. The clinical manifestation was decided by the area involved. However, lymphomatosis cerebri involved widely in the brain, with months of progressive dementia. It should be an important differential diagnosis of CJD, limbic encephalitis, intravascular lymphomatosis and special encephalitis .The MRI feature of the disease was usually widely distributed white matter and cortex lesion in bilateral hemisphere, basal ganglia, thalamus, and brain stem with no mass. The enhancement was patchy or even none. The pathological feature was diffuse infiltration with tumor cells without formation of mass. The tumor cells were positive to CD20, with atypia and mitosis. Vascular cuffing was easily seen. Sometimes, tumor cells were mixed with reactive astrocytes and inflammatory lymphocytes, which should be differentiated with encephalitis. LFB stain could show white matter pallor, but no large area of demyelination .Lymphomatosis cerebri was sensitive to steroids. The apoptosis of tumor cells caused by steroids could lead to false negative pathological diagnosis. The treatment should include chemotherapy and radiotherapy.DOI：10.3969/j.issn.1672⁃6731.2012.05.025

DOI：10.3969/j.issn.1672⁃6731.2012.03.026

DOI：10.3969/j.issn.1672⁃6731.2012.02.028

We present the case of a young female student who developed acute encephalopathy and rapid deterioration to vegetative state. She had intermittent fever and experienced behavioral disturbances , walk imbalance and left hemiplegia. The patient’s condition deteriorated dramatically and she was in vegetative state 2 weeks after the initial neurological symptoms .The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was clear and acellular, with normal glucose concentration and protein count . Cerebral MRI showed subcortical, periventricular and corpus callosum lesions and cortical dystrophy . EEG showed stereotyped periodic complexes with high-Voltage slow waves occurring synchronously throughout the recording. The presence of high antimeasles antibodies in cerebrospinal fluid and serum confirmed the diagnosis of subacute sclerosing panencephalitis. Oral Ribavirin was given to the patient. Her condition was follow up to be stable after 2 years. Acute SSPE is an exceptionally rare and little-known form of SSPE with protean symptomatology. Our case reinforces the need to include SSPE as a diagnostic possibility in acute fulminant encephalopathies.DOI：10.3969/j.issn.1672⁃6731.2012.01.022

DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-6731.2016.12.012

Identifying and quantifying water nitrate pollution is crucial for managing aquatic environment of a bay. Dongshan Bay, a significant semi-enclosed bay in the southeastern coastal area of Fujian Province, features mangrove and coral reef ecosystems at its estuary and bay mouth, respectively. Dongshan Bay is impacted by human activities such as mariculture. We quantified and analyzed nitrate pollution status in the surface waters of Dongshan Bay by measuring physicochemical parameters, stable isotopes (δ15N-NO3-, δ18O-NO3- and δ15N-NH4+) of the surface waters, and using statistical methods including the MixSIAR isotope mixing model. The results showed that the concentrations of chlorophyll a and dissolved inorganic nitrogen in the surface waters exhibited a noticeable gradient change, decreasing from the estuary of the Zhangjiang River to the mouth of Dongshan Bay. The maximum concentrations of chlorophyll a, NH4+, NO3- and NO2- were 45.2 µg • L-1, 52.67 µmol • L-1, 379.2 µmol • L-1 and 3.93 µmol • L-1, respectively. The nitrogen and oxygen isotope values of NH4+ and NO3 in the surface waters showed significant spatial variations. According to the MixSIAR model results, nitrogen sources in the surface waters of Dongshan Bay were mainly freshwater inputs of the Zhangjiang River estuary, aquaculture wastewater, and groundwater. The freshwater input from the Zhangjiang River estuary contributed the most (25.2%), while aquaculture wastewater, groundwater and urban sewage accounted for 24.6%, 19.0%, and 15.1%, respectively. It is evident that freshwater input from the Zhangjiang River estuary is the primary source of nitrate in the surface waters of Dongshan Bay. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rodent-infested bald spots are crucial indicators of rodent infestation in grasslands. Leveraging Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) remote sensing technology for discerning detrimental bald spots among plateau pikas has significant implications for assessing associated ecological hazards. Based on UAV-visible light imagery, we classified and recognized the characteristics of plateau pika habitats with five supervised classification algorithms, i.e., minimum distance classification (MinD), maximum likelihood classification (ML), support vector machine classification (SVM), Mahalanobis distance classification (MD), and neural network classification (NN). The accuracy of the five methods was evaluated using a confusion matrix. Results showed that NN and SVM exhibited superior performance than other methods in identifying and classifying features indicative of plateau pika habitats. The mapping accuracy of NN for grassland and bald spots was 98.1% and 98.5%, respectively, with corresponding user accuracy was 98.8% and 97.7%. The overall model accuracy was 98.3%, with a Kappa coefficient of 0.97, reflecting minimal misclassification and omission errors. Through practical verification, NN exhibited good stability. In conclusion, the neural network method was suitable for identifying rodent-damaged bald spots within alpine meadows. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ecological security pattern is an important spatial way to maintain ecological processes and ensure the stability of ecosystem functions. As the implementation of landscape planning and decision-making, it is critically needed to consider the consistency of differentiated methods and their spatial outputs in the construction of ecological security patterns and the matching and applicability of research objects. From the perspective of integration, we combined the regional topography and landscape characteristics, integrated the morphological spatial pattern analysis and the importance evaluation results of ecosystem services to identify the ecological source, and constructed the ecological security pattern of the Ansai District of Yan'an City, the main implementation area of the Grain-for-Green Project on the Loess Plateau. The results showed that the structural and functional construction methods had low consistency in the identification of spatial protection priority. The integration-oriented method could complement each other and achieve the dual goals of structural connectivity and functional improvement. There were 202 ecological sources in the study area, with a total area of 391.58 km², accounting for 13.3% of the total area of the study area. There were 110 ecological corridors in the study area, with a total length of 599 km, which were mainly distributed around the river channel, showing a distribution pattern of 'short and narrow dense in the north and south, long and wide in the middle'. The structure-function integration method provides new insights for ecological restoration planning of land space and promotes the research of landscape pattern, process and service. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The immune microenvironment plays a key role in the development and progression of tumors. In recent years, with the rapid advancement of high-throughput sequencing technologies, researchers have gained a deeper understanding of the composition and function of immune cells in the tumor microenvironment. However, traditional bulk sequencing technologies are limited in resolving heterogeneity at the single-cell level, constraining a comprehensive understanding of the complexity of the tumor microenvironment. The advent of single-cell RNA sequencing technology has brought new opportunities to uncover the heterogeneity of the immune microenvironment in lung cancer. Currently, T-cell-centered immunotherapy in clinical settings is prone to side effects affecting prognosis, such as immunogenic drug resistance or immunerelated pneumonia, with the key factor being changes in the interactions between immune cells and tumor cells in the tumor microenvironment. Single-cell RNA sequencing technology can reveal the origins and functions of different subgroups within the tumor microenvironment from perspectives such as intercellular interactions and pseudotime analysis, thereby discovering new cell subgroups or novel biomarkers, providing new avenues for uncovering resistance to immunotherapy and monitoring therapeutic efficacy. This review comprehensively discusses the newest research techniques and advancements in single-cell RNA sequencing technology for unveiling the heterogeneity of the tumor microenvironment after lung cancer immunotherapy, offering insights for enhancing the precision and personalization of immunotherapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and objective Lung cancer is the cancer with the highest incidence and mortality rates in China, and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounts for 80%-85% of all malignant lung tumors. Currently, surgical treatment remains the primary treatment modality for lung cancer. In recent years, the effectiveness of immune checkpoint inhibitors for NSCLC has become a consensus, and neoadjuvant immunochemotherapy (nICT) has shown promising efficacy and safety in early to intermediate stage NSCLC. However, there are fewer studies related to nICT for locally advanced NSCLC. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of nICT therapy in locally advanced resectable NSCLC. Methods 85 confirmed resectable stage IIIA and IIIB patients treated in the Department of Thoracic Surgery, Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, from January 2021 to April 2024, were divided into the nICT group (n=32) and the surgery alone group (n=53). Clinical baseline data, perioperative indicators, postoperative complications, imaging response rate, pathological response rate, incidence of adverse events, and quality of life were compared between the two groups. Results There were no statistically significant differences in clinical baseline data between the two groups (P>0.05). Incidence of choosing thoracotomy was higher in the nICT group than in the surgery alone group (P=0.002). There were no significant differences in surgical time, intraoperative blood loss, number of dissected lymph nodes, duration of chest tube placement, postoperative hospital stay, and R0 resection rate between the two groups (P>0.05). The overall incidence of postoperative complications was 31.25% in the nICT group and 22.64% in the surgery alone group, with no statistically significant difference (P=0.380). In the nICT group, the objective response rate (ORR) was 84.38%, with 5 cases of complete response (CR)(15.63%), 22 cases of partial response (PR)(68.75%), 15 cases of pathological response rate (pCR)(46.88%), and 11 cases of major pathological reaponse (MPR) (34.38%). During nICT treatment, 12 cases (37.50%) experienced grade 3 treatment-related adverse events, no death induced by adverse events or immune related adverse events. Moreover, the symptoms of the patients were improved after nICT treatment. Conclusion Neoadjuvant immunochemotherapy shows promising efficacy in locally advanced resectable NSCLC, with manageable treatment-related adverse events. It is a safe and feasible neoadjuvant treatment modality for locally advanced resectable NSCLC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to screen for biocontrol microorganisms and natural products effective against Sphacelotheca reiliana infection in sorghum root tissue, and to develop a microbial suspension seed coating agent suitable for practical application in sorghum cultivation. In this study, Jinza 2001 sorghum and three excellent disease-resistant bacteria and natural product of lipopeptide were used as the experimental material. Firstly, the anti-infection effects and optimal concentrations of different disease-resistant bacteria and lipopeptide against S. reiliana were determined involving seed germination and in vivo infection rate determination. Subsequently, the optimal formulation, dosage, and storage stability of the suspension seed coating agent were studied based on the active ingredients of the optimum strain and lipopeptide. The anti-infection effect of suspended seed coating agent against S. reiliana was measured under potted conditions. Results showed that Bacillus velezensis G-1 and its secondary metabolites (lipopeptide) exhibited significant efficacy against S. reiliana on infection in sorghum root tissue, with optimal concentrations of 1.0x109 cfu mL-1 for B. velezensis G-1 and and 600 μg mL-1 lipopeptide, respectively. Moreover, there was no significant inhibitory effect on the germination of Jinza 2001 at the optimal concentrations of B. velezensis G-1 and lipopeptide (P > 0.05). The optimal formula for the B. velezensis G-1•lipopeptide suspension seed coating agent comprised of 5 mL of strain G-1 (1.0 x 1011 cfu mL-1), 5 mL of lipopeptide substance (8 mg mL-1), 4 g of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, 0.6 g of sodium alginate, 4 g of dispersant MF, 0.2 g of ferrous sulfate, 1 g of magnesium sulfate, 0.5 g of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 4 g of color paste, and water added to reach 100 g. The optimal dosage of B. velezensis G-1•lipopeptide suspension seed coating agent was 25 g packaged with 1 kg sorghum seeds, resulting in the anti-infection effect for S. reiliana infecting sorghum root was 87.74% under pot test conditions. Additionally, the B. velezensis G-1•lipopeptide suspension seed coating agent demonstrated a positive promoting effect on the growth of sorghum seedlings and exhibited good storage stability. After 12 months of storage in dark and room temperature conditions, the anti-infection effect of B. velezensis G-1•lipopeptide suspension seed coating agent only decreased by 1.63%. In conclusion, B. velezensis G-1•lipopeptide suspension seed coating agent holds promising application prospects in the development of green prevention and control technology for sorghum head smut. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]