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Purposes Hydrogen energy, as an efficient and clean secondary energy in the 21st century with its high heat value and extremely environmentally friendly combustion products, has become the most promising alternative energy source to replace traditional fossil fuels. The necessity of hydrogen development, promotion, and utilization under the dual-carbon goal of “carbon peaking in 2030 and carbon neutralvty in 2060” as well as the current hydrogen energy development policies and strategic layout in China are analyzed. Methods By investigating the research progresses and achievements of green hydrogen production technologies, the technology of hydrogen production by water splitting and its main devices are summarized, and the development status and trend of hydrogen production by water splitting and the related devices are reviewed. The research status of electrolytic cell and its important components (such as membrane electrode assembly, hydrogen tension bolt assembly and end pressure plate) and the main problems existing in key equipment are analyzed, and the future development trend of alkaline electrolytic cell and proton etchange membrane electrolytic cell are prospected. Conclusion This review provides a reference for the future development of hydrogen production equipment.

[Objective] The extensive development of biological soil crusts driven by the project of “Grain for Green” on the Loess Plateau can significantly inhibit soil erosion, but the characteristics of soil erosion resistance and the response mechanism with the growth and development of biological soil crusts are still unclear. [Methods] Algal crusts, moss crusts, and natural succession crusts were cultivated for 176 days to systematically study the effects of different developmental stages and types of biological soil crusts on loessial soil erosion resistance. [Results] (1)The coverage, thickness, biomass, chlorophyll and roughness of the biological soil crusts increased significantly with growth time, and the moss crusts were higher at the beginning of cultivation and the natural succession crusts were highest at the end of cultivation. (2) With the development of biological soil crusts, the cohesion increased as a power function, which increased by 39.8%~60.3% compared with the initial period; the mass loss rate decreased exponentially, which decreased by 45.6%~57.3% compared with the initial period; and the saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ks) was more complex, but the Ks was lowest at the end of cultivation (0.08~0.12 mm/min). (3) Soil cohesion increased as a power function with the increase of coverage, thickness, chlorophyll, biomass and roughness, and the mass loss rate decreased exponentially with the increase of coverage, thickness, chlorophyll, biomass and roughness. (4) The comprehensive index of soil erosion resistance (Cser) constructed based on soil properties can effectively show the effect of biological soil crusts development on soil erosion resistance. And the Cser can be expressed as a power function of coverage (Cov), thickness (T) and biomass (B) (Cser=0.279 Cov0.194T0.188B0.119, R2=0.73, p

USRP (ultrasonic surface rolling processing) was used to change the surface layer of 6061 aluminum alloy, so as to realize the change of the second phase microstructure of 6061 aluminum alloy by USRP under different static pressure conditions to improve corrosion resistant, which was characterized by using scanning electron microscopy, laser confocal microscopy, scanning Kelvin probe force microscopy, etc. Based on the principle of microzone galvanic corrosion and considering the impedance of solution and oxide, the correlation law between the size of the second phase and the development of local corrosion was obtained. The effect of the size of the second phase on the development of local corrosion was verified by in-situ observation using laser confocal microscope. The results show that the initial self-corrosion current density of aluminum alloy in 3.5%(mass fraction) NaCl solution is only 1/15 of that of the untreated sample, the corrosion rate is reduced by 93.04%, when the surface layer is rolled with 0.10 MPa static pressure. The Mg2Si phase has no significant morphology change during the rolling process, and it has no significant effect on the corrosion performance before and after USRP. The AlFeSi phases with long strip continuous distribution are refined into micro- and nano-scale dispersion distributions under the action of USRP. The fully refined AlFeSi phase weakens the galvanic corrosion effect due to the reduction of the local anode/cathode area ratio of the corrosion microcell, which promotes the metastable pitting nucleation rate of the aluminum alloy matrix, but also cause the rapid dissolution of the aluminum alloy itself. When self-dissolution occurs or Al2O3 oxide film is formed in the inner wall of metastable corrosion hole, the electrochemical corrosion effect of AlFeSi relative to aluminum alloy matrix is greatly weakened, so as to improve the corrosion resistance of 6061 aluminum alloy as a whole.

To explore the influence of fracture structure on mechanical properties of rock mass, compression simulation experiment were carried out on rock samples with prefabricated fractures. Based on SEM, NMR and Vic-3D technology, multi-scale study was carried out on rock mass in combination with acoustic and macro-meso-structural characteristics. The rock sample strength decreases with the increase of fracture length, penetration and number, and decreases first and then increases with the increase of fracture dip angle. The rock sample strength of 30 mm fracture is the lowest, and the rock sample strength of 90° fracture is closest to the intact rock sample. Tensile failure occurred in intact rock samples, 0° and 90° fracture samples and tensile and shear composite failure occurred in rock samples with different fracture penetration degrees. Shear failure occurred in rock samples with different fracture lengths, numbers, 30°, 45° and 60° fractures. After loading, the proportion of micro pores decreases while that of medium and large pores increases, indicating that the initial damage and loading caused by prefabricated fractures can change the internal pore structure of rock samples, thus affecting its macroscopic mechanical properties.

Pulmonary sarcomatoid carcinoma (PSC) is a kind of rare non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with insidious symptoms, strong invasiveness, insensitiveness to traditional treatments and poor prognosis. With the development of molecular typing and liquid biopsy techniques in recent years, the molecular biological characteristics of PSC have been understanded deeply. Furthermore, the clinical efficacy has been significantly improved owing to novel molecular targeting therapeutic and immunotherapeutic agents. Based on the recent advances in the management of PSC, this article especially focuses on the progress on molecular targeted therapy and immunotherapy in order to provide some reference for clinical practice.

Objective To investigate the effect of high⁃frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) on pain and emotion in patients with neuropathic pain (NP) combined with anxiety and/or depression. Methods A total of 39 patients with NP combined with anxiety and/or depression from June 2019 to October 2021 were included and randomly divided into conventional treatment combined with sham stimulation group (control group, n=19) and conventional treatment⁃assisted high⁃frequency rTMS (rTMS group, n=20). The Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) was used to evaluate the pain state, Hamilton Anxiety Scale⁃14 (HAMA⁃14) was used to evaluate the anxiety state, and Hamilton Depression Scale⁃17 (HAMD⁃17) was used to evaluate depression state before treatment and at 3 days, 1 week, 2 weeks, 3 weeks and 4 weeks of treatment. Results The NRS score (F=23.573, P=0.000) and HAMD score (F=15.426, P=0.000) before and after treatment were significantly different between the 2 groups. The NRS score and HAMD score in rTMS group were lower than those in control group at 1, 2, 3 and 4 weeks of treatment (P≤0.01, for all). The differences in NRS score (F=317.751, P=0.000), HAMA score (F=81.510, P=0.000) and HAMD score (F=32.773, P=0.000) at different observation times were also statistically significant in the same treatment group. In rTMS group, NRS score and HAMD score at 1, 2, 3 and 4 weeks of treatment were lower than those before treatment and 3 days of treatment (P＜0.01, for all), and HAMA score at 1, 2 and 3 weeks of treatment were lower than those before treatment and 3 days of treatment (P=0.000, for all). HAMA score at 4 weeks of treatment was lower than that before treatment (P=0.007), at 1 week (P=0.014) and 2 weeks (P=0.001) of treatment. In control group, NRS score only at 4 weeks of treatment was lower than that before treatment (P=0.000), HAMA score at 1, 2 and 3 weeks of treatment was lower than those before treatment (P＜0.05, for all), and HAMA score at 1 week of treatment was lower than that at 3 days of treatment (P=0.002). Spearman correlation analysis showed that the degree of pain relief before and after treatment was positively correlated with the ease of anxiety (rs=0.442, P=0.048) and depression (rs=0.705, P=0.001). Conclusions High⁃frequency rTMS is a safe and effective treatment for NP with anxiety and/or depression. It can significantly ease anxiety and depression in patients while relieving pain.

NaCl can cause serious corrosion of galvanized steel, and the SO2 contained in the atmosphere promotes the corrosion process, so it is of great significance to study the corrosion behavior and mechanism of metals in this environmental system. In this work, alternating dry/wet corrosion in case of constant deposition salt was tested to investigate the corrosion condition and corrosion characteristics of galvanized steel in simulated coastal - industrial atmosphere using corrosion weight gain, dynamic potential polarization curves, electrochemical impedance and other analytical methods. Results showed that the corrosion degree increased with the rising of Cl - concentration. In the early stage of corrosion, the zinc layer served as a sacrificial anode to protect the substrate, and corrosion products were easy to decompose, so the corrosion degree was relatively light. In the late stage of corrosion, carbon steel began to corrode, corrosion products were the red rust, the corrosion increased significantly, the galvanized steel lost its cathodic protection previously provided by the zinc layer, and the corrosion rate increased exponentially with the prolonging of the corrosion time.

N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification of RNA is the most common internal epigenetic modification mode in eukaryotic mRNA,has been recognized as a key regulator of tumor and immune system, which is widely involved in the regulation of tumor treatment resistance, tumor microenvironment, tumor immune escape, and tumor metabolism. The specific regulatory mechanisms of m6A modification and tumor immune escape need to be further explored, mainly through direct regulation of im - mune cells or indirect regulation of tumor cells to affect the immune response and play a role as a regulator of tumor immune escape. This paper reviews the possible mechanisms of m6A modification in the process of tumor immune escape, which is to improve the application prospect of m6A modification and related modulators in tumor immunotherapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To investigate the central nervous system (CNS) primary melanocytic tumors (melanocytic tumors) and improve the understanding of melanocytic tumors. Methods and Results Since January 2012 to October 2019, 7 cases of melanocytic tumors were collected in Guangdong 999 Brain Hospital. Five patients underwent surgical resection and 2 patients underwent tissue biopsy. MRI showed high signal in T1WI, low signal in T2WI, and high signal in FLAIR. Tumor cell assumed a variety of shapes, including oval and polygonal, melanin⁃containing macrophages from benign to atypical. Results of immunohistochemistry showed that Melan⁃A and S⁃100 protion were consistently positive, and HMB⁃45 was negative, scattered or strongly positive. Four patients were diagnosed with meningeal melanocytoma, one with meningeal melanoma, one with diffuse meningeal melanocytosis, and one with meningeal melanomatosis. Four cases of melanocytoma underwent total or major resection, and of 3 cases received postoperative radiotherapy. The 2 cases who received radiotherapy were in good condition after follow⁃up of 56 and 116 months. The one case did not receive radiotherapy stay alive for 20 months. One meningeal melanomatosis patient received postoperative chemoradiotherapy, with a total survival time of 15 months. One patient with diffuse melanocytosis had a total survival time of 13 months. One meningealmelanocytosis patient improved after 7 months received chemoradiotherapy. Conclusions CNS primary melanocytic tumors are rare. Meningeal melanocytoma is common in the elderly, while diffuse meningeal melanocytosis is common in children. The expression patterns of melanin markers Melan ⁃A, S ⁃100 are consistently expressed, and HMB ⁃ 45 which helps to identify the benign and malignant tumors. The prognosis of tumour is still unclear. Melanocytoma has the best prognosis and benefits from radiotherapy.

Low-alloy engineering structural steel is widely used in many fields, because of its good mechanical and processing properties. The corrosion resistance of low-alloy engineering structural steel is related not only to chemical composition but also to microstructure, inclusions, grain size, and other factors. However, at present, the direct and fast criterion for evaluating the corrosion resistance of low-alloy structural steel, i.e., the corrosion resistance index I, in the ASTM Standard and China National Standards only involves the chemical composition of low-alloy structural steel and ignores the microstructure, inclusions, and grain size. In the literature on the corrosion resistance of low-alloy structural steel, the coupled effect of chemical composition and other material factors on corrosion resistance and the quantitative analysis of each factor have not been reported. Therefore, a new corrosion resistance index for low-alloy structural steel that includes more factors needs to be proposed. Through the neutral salt spray accelerated corrosion test of eight kinds of low-alloy engineering structural steels with similar composition and microstructure produced by different manufacturers or production lines, combined with the methods of composition test, microstructure analysis, corrosion product analysis, data statistics, and calculation fitting, a composite corrosion resistance index Y for low-alloy structural steel was proposed, and a quantitative index formula containing several factors, including chemical composition, inclusions, microstructure, and grain size, was established. Results show that the corrosion resistance of low-alloy structural steel is affected by the coupling of many material factors, not only the traditional corrosion resistance index I but also inclusions, microstructure, and grain size. The degree of influence is in the order of corrosion resistance index I determined by corrosion-resistant alloy elements, total inclusions, pearlite content, and grain size. The composite corrosion resistance index can be used as an effective criterion for the corrosion resistance of low-alloy structural steel and is of significance in engineering applications.

The experimentation adopted low energy ball milling combining, with hot pressing sintering, to design and fabricate 3.4%（volume fraction）TiBw/TA15(Mo,Si) titanium matrix composites, for investigating the effects of heat treatment on the composites’ microstructure and mechanical properties. Through phase analysis about the composites via X-ray and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), while also analyzing the composites’ microstructure via scanning electron microscope, Several results the experimentation has observed. Firstly, the added TiB2 generated in-situ synthesized TiBw reinforcement which was distributed around the TA15 titanium alloy powder and formed a network microstructure. Moreover, fine (Ti,Zr)5Si3 reinforcement was formed by solid solution and precipitation mechanism and then Mo element was solid solution in β phase after MoSi2 solution at high temperature. Secondly, solution treatment with 1200 ℃ did not change the microstructure of TiBw neither the characteristics of the network microstructure of the composites, and the matrix was turned into martensite α'. (Ti,Zr)5Si3 reinforcement was re-dissolved and transformed to supersaturated solid solution. Thirdly, after aging treatment at 550-700 ℃, the martensitic matrix was decomposed, and the supersaturated silicon element was precipitated at the interface of both α/β interface and the network boundary. The acicular martensite α' was gradually transformed into lamellar (α + β) phase, and the amount of silicide precipitates was gradually increased with the increase of aging temperatures. Later, the experimentation further utilized Instron-5569 universal testing machine to test and analyze the composites’ mechanical properties. The experimental results show that the strength of titanium matrix composites is increased first and then decreased with the increase of aging temperature instead, and the plastic change is opposite to the strength change. The compressive strength of TiBw/TA15(Mo,Si) composites at 1200 ℃/45 min solution treatment is 1751 MPa, and the strain at break is 6.7%. After 1200 ℃/45 min solution treatment + 600 ℃/90 min aging treatment, the compressive strength of the composites reaches 1900 MPa and the strain at break decreases to 3.6%.

Objective To study the main features of mechanical asphyxia--the pathological characteristics of petechial hemorrhage after high temperature effect （roasted, boiled） and its changing rules. Methods Rabbit model of mechanical asphyxia death with choking neck and death from anteposition hanging was established. The experimental rabbits were randomly divided into roasted group and boiled group （n=4, in each group）. The laryngeal ventricles and cardiopulmonary tissues in the roasted group were roasted for 3, 6 and 10 min, and the positions of petechial hemorrhage were observed and photographed. The same organs and tissues in the boiled group were heated in boiling water （100 ℃）, and were observed and photographed at 30 and 60 s. Then histopathological examination was performed on all the laryngeal ventricles and cardiopulmonary tissues. Results The petechial hemorrhage originating from laryngeal ventricle, trachea and lung did not disappear after high temperature treatment in the eight rabbits. The deepened color was visible to naked eyes and distinct from the surrounding normal tissues, with bleeding under the microscope. Conclusion Petechial hemorrhage caused by mechanical asphyxia would not disappear under high temperature, which might be related to the manner of death, the intensity and time of action, and the individual differences.

Molybdenum carbide (Mo2C) has become a promising electrocatalyst because of its similar d-band e-lectronic structure to platinum (Pt), wide pH applicability, easy synthesis, and low cost. However, pure Mo2C suffers from poor electrical conductivity, slow interfacial reaction kinetics, and too strong Mo-H bond. In recent years, many studies have reported the modification of Mo2C-based catalysts to enhance their electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution performance. Based on this, this paper reviews the common preparation process of Mo2C and various modification strategies to improve the electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution performance of Mo2C. And intrinsic reasons for the improvement of Mo2C hydrogen evolution performance by different modification methods are analyzed in deeply. Finally, the current challenges and future development directions of Mo2C-based electro-catalysts are proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To solve the urgent problem that touch panel sensor made from ITO (indium tin oxide) film has obvious etching marks and hence its downstream application is greatly limited, an index-matched ITO film comprising Nb2O5, SiO2, and ITO layers was studied. The optimal thickness of each layer was calculated according to the thin film optical theory to reduce etching marks at five characteristic wavelengths, and the index matching effect in the visible band from 500 to 780 nm was verified using the TFCLAC optical software. The index-matched ITO film was prepared by roll-to-roll magnetron sputtering and then used to fabricate a touch panel sensor to check whether the etching marks would be eliminated. The results showed that the optimal thickness was 10 nm for the Nb2O5 layer, 48 nm for the SiO2 layer, and 42 nm for the ITO layer. The index-matched ITO film featured a reflectance difference from 1% to 2% and a small color difference before and after being etched, an average transmittance of 85.64%, and a sheet resistance of 84.70 Ω. There was almost no etching mark on the touch panel sensor made from the index-matched ITO film, meeting the strict requirement of visual effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To screen for the differential expression proteins in brain tissues of SD rat after diffuse axonal injury （DAI） by isobaric tag for relative and absolute quantification-liquid chromatograph-mass spectrometer/mass spectrometer （iTRAQ-LC-MS/MS）, and to explore potential biomarkers available for the diagnosis of DAI. Methods Animal models of DAI were established with the Marmarou method as reference, and the subjects were divided into blank control group （n=4）, sham strike group （n=4） and fatal strike group （n=4）, respectively. The proteins in rat brain tissues were detected by iTRAQ-LC-MS/MS, and bioinformatics analysis and verification were performed on the results and screened for the differential expression proteins. Results A total of 2 016 proteins were identified and quantified. The bioinformatics analysis revealed that the proteins had wide distribution and function, and participated in different biological processes. There were 16 proteins showed differential expression in fatal strike group, including one up-regulated expression protein and 15 down-regulated expression proteins. The results of iTRAQ-LC-MS/MS were confirmed by Western blotting method. Conclusion Multiple differential expression proteins in rat brain tissues after DAI can be screened by iTRAQ-LC-MS/MS. This not only indicates a research direction for exploring the pathogenesis of DAI, but also provides potential biomarkers available for the diagnosis of DAI.

Cypripedium palangshanen.se is a rare and endangered protected plant unique to China. It is an extremely small population of wild distributed in a narrow area. To study its genetic diversity CDDP molecular marker technology was used to evaluate the genetic diversity of 92 materials from 6 experimental sites in 2 wild populations of C. palangshanense in Wolong and Wanglang Nature Reserves, and further explore the relationship between genetic diversity and environmental factors. The results of the genetic analysis showed that a total of 131 locus were detected at the species level with 12 primers, the percentage of polymorphic loci (PPL) was 100%, the observed allele (Na) was 2, the effective allele (Ne) was 1.5026, the Nei's genetic diversity index (H) was 0. 3141, and the Shannon diversity index (I) was 0.4856; At the population level, the genetic diversity of Wolong population was higher than that of Wanglang population, and the variation range of Na was 1.4504 ~ 1.9160; the variation range of Ne was 1.2446 ~ 1.4336; H was between 0.1464 and 0.2679; I was between 0.2231 and 0.4153; the variation range of PPL was 45.04% ~ 91.60%. The genetic differentiation coefficient (Gst) of C. palangshanense was 0.2863. The genetic structure and AMOVA analysis showed that there was genetic differentiation among the populations of C. palangshanense. Mantel test showed that there was a significant correlation between genetic distance and geographical distance among Cypripedium palang shanense populations in Balang mountain (R² = 0.3830, P<0.05). According to UPGMA cluster analysis, Wolong population and Wanglang population are clustered into one branch. The correlation analysis between genetic diversity and environmental factors showed that there was a significant positive correlation among observed allele (Na), the number of polymorphic loci (Np), percentage of polymorphic loci (PPL) and available potassium content (AK); The number of effective alleles (Ne), Nei s genetic diversity index (H) and Shannon information index (I) were significantly positively correlated with altitude (Alt); There was no significant correlation between remaining environmental factors and genetic diversity index. The results showed that CDDP molecular markers technology was suitable for the study of the genetic diversity of C. palangshanense, and was highly polymorphic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lake is indispensable part of inland water ecosystem, and China harbors numerous lakes with rich biodiversity. In recent years, the degradation of lakes severely lead to the decreasing of level of biodiversity. Therefore, lake biodiversity has always been a research hot-spot in limnology. All efforts to research on lake biodiversity essentially depend on monitoring species composition, population size and distribution. Such studies traditionally rely on morphological identification through biological specimen surveys, until to Environmental DNA (eDNA) arose. eDNA exists in the environmental samples such as water, soil and sediments. This feature makes eDNA to be a good indicator to monitor past and current biodiversity. Using molecular biology methods to monitor lake biodiversity is conducive to understanding the dynamic changes of lake ecosystems and is of great significance to the development of lake ecological protection. Compared to traditional investigation methods, eDNA is an non-invasive, efficient and easy to be standardized research approach. It especially doesn't rely on experts' experience and professional level of morphological classification. With the development of high-throughput sequencing (HTS) technology and emergence of eDNA metabarcoding, eDNA can be used as a supplement or alternative to traditional investigations. It is currently the most economical and effective method for lake biodiversity research. Lakes are easier to be enriched DNA owing to static water environment, therefore more suitable for applying eDNA methods to carry out their biodiversity researches. This article reviewed the application of eDNA in studies of the lake biodiversity. We also summarized the related experimental design, and analyzed challenges and prospects of this method. The application of eDNA in the lake biodiversity indicated characters of research objects from low-level organisms to high-level organisms. The samples are mainly water and sediments. By extracting ancient DNA from lake sediments, the lake history and the evolution of biodiversity have been studied; eDNA extracted from water samples can be used to understand the current aquatic biodiversity in the lake. The experimental technology of eDNA includes sampling and preservation, DNA extraction and detection. The three main aspects to determine quality of eDNA samples include suitable amount of samples, sampling methods and storage ways. eDNA can be used to detect specific taxa or multi-taxa based on PCR/qPCR with specific primer or meta-barcoding technology. The application of eDNA in lake biodiversity faces challenges such as lack of optimal experimental protocols, contamination, errors and imperfect taxa DNA database. In the future, the application of eDNA method needs to improve relevant experimental techniques and develop DNA database to solve the corresponding dilemmas. We recommend that human contamination and cross-contamination between samples should be avoided as much as possible during sampling. For the lack of database, we suggest establishing a regional eDNA database, conducting targeted data management and strengthening data sharing among various laboratories. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective. To explore the application of nonlinear mixed effects model based on the allometric equation on up-and-down data to determine the half effective dose (ED50) in pediatric patients. Methods. Twenty-two pediatric patients aged 2 to 12 years with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) who were undergoing drug-induced sleep endoscopy (DISE) were enrolled. All patients received intravenous bolus S+-ketamine 0.5 mg/kg. At the same time, a predetermined bolus dose of dexmedetomidine was infused continuously over 10 min for anesthesia induction. The bolus dose of dexmedetomidine was calculated according to the Dixon up-and-down method with initial dose 1.0 µg/kg and step size 1.2 times. DISE was conducted 10 min after dexmedetomidine infusion, and the response of the patients to the procedure was recorded. Dixon-Massey formula and nonlinear mixed effects model fitting are used to calculate ED50. Results. There were 9 and 13 children with successful and failed sedation. The value of dexmedetomidine ED50, 1.9 μg/kg, calculated by Dixon-Massey formula was similar to the fitting value, 2.0 μg/kg, of nonlinear mixed effects model. The introduction of allometric equation significantly improved the model (P<0.05). After normalizing adults' body weight to 70 kg, the ED50 and ED95 were 5.76x (body weight/70) μg/kg and 11.5x (body weight/70) μg/kg, and the slope (γ) of the dose-response relationship of dexmedetomidine is 4.25. Conclusion. The experimental data from the up-and-down method can be fitted with a nonlinear mixed effects model based on the allometric equation. Compared with the Massey formula, the advantage is that the ED50, ED95 and γ can be determined at the same time, and this method helps to determine the possible effect of covariates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To sequence the metagenome of field samples, and analyze the polymorphism of genes related to metabolic detoxification enzyme. Methods Anopheles mosquitoes were captured with people as bait in Caoxian and Beihu, from Jining Shandong. An. sinensis species were identified by morphologic and molecular markers. The metagenome was carried out by Illumina platform. Eight genes of metabolic detoxification enzymes download from NCBI database were belong to CYP450s, GSTs and Coe, respectively. Metagenomic reads was mapping to the gene sequences related to metabolic detoxification enzymes by DNASTAR software. The reads data collection and SNP analysis were performed by SeqMan Pro software, respectively. The position of SNPs in codons was fixed by open reading frame, and synonymous mutation SNPs or nonsynonymous mutation SNPs was determined. Results The number of 31 and 12 An. sinensis female adults were obtained from Caoxian and Beihu Jining Shandong. They were divided into 2 samples for metagenomic sequencing. The reads generated by each sample from Illumina sequencing was nearly 200 Mb. The mean length was 101 bp, and GC content were 41% and 42%. The number of reads mapping to the 8 metabolic detoxification enzyme genes ranged from 391 to 2 810 and mean coverage of each locus from 23.72 to 144.93. Total of 135 SNP positions in 8 metabolic detoxification enzyme genes was found in this An. sinensis population. Of which 109 lead to synonymous mutations, as 80.74%; and 26 non-synonymous mutation SNP positions, percentage for 19.26%. The range of SNP numbers per Kb was from 8.73 to 29.94. The position of non- synonymous mutant SNPs in the codon was mainly the first, the percentage for 50.00% (13/26), the second and third position was for 26.92% (7/26) and 23.08% (6/26), respectively. Conclusion There was a considerable polymorphism of metabolic resistance genes with metagenome sequences of An. sinensis obtained by Illumina platform, which could provide important basis for further study of the molecular resistance mechanism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective *To evaluate the incidence of atelectasis in children undergoing lateral thoracotomy cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) by lung ultrasound, and investigate the effect of positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) on the incidence of atelectasis in these children. Methods * Sixty children undergoing selective lateral thoracotomy cardiac surgery with CPB in Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine from October 2019 to August 2020 were included. They were randomly divided into PEEP group (P group, n=30) and control group (C group, n=30). The P group was treated with 5 cmH2O PEEP immediately after tracheal intubation until the end of operation. The C group was treated with 5 cmH2O PEEP immediately after tracheal intubation until the beginning of operation. Lung ultrasound exam was performed three times in each patient, 1 min after starting mechanical ventilation of the lungs (T1), 1 min before the beginning of surgery (T2) and the time immediately upon completion of the surgery (T3). The lung ultrasound scores of the two groups were recorded, and the incidences of atelectasis were compared. Results *There was no significant difference in the incidences of atelectasis at T1 and T2 between the two groups. The incidence of atelectasis in P group was significantly lower than that in the C group at T3 (P=0.000). The incidence of atelectasis in the C group at T3 was significantly lower than those at T1 and T2 (all P<0.05). Conclusion *PEEP can significantly reduce the incidence of atelectasis in children undergoing lateral thoracotomy cardiac surgery with CPB. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To establish the fingerprint of Danggui ( Chinese Angelica, Radix Angelicae Sinensis) with HPLC before and after wash with wine, and make comparative analysis of the principal components, quantitative analysis and extraction rate analysis to provide reference for its quality control. Methods Gradient elution was performed with HPLC with InertSustainSwift™ C18(250 mm X 4.6 mm, 5 jxm) as the column and acetonitrile -0. 1% phosphoric acid solution as the mobile phase. The UV detection wavelength was 230 nm, the volume flow rate was 1 mL/min and the sample size was 15 jxL. The fingerprints of Danggui before and after wash with wine were established and compared. Principal component analysis, quantitative analysis and extraction rate analysis were carried out. Results HPLC fingerprints of crude Danggui and wine washed Danggui were established, and 16 common peaks were identified among 30 batches of samples. Fingerprints of 15 batches of Danggui before and after wine wash were compared with the reference fingerprints, revealing similarities greater than 0. 9. The similarity of fingerprints between Danggui and wine washed Danggui is also greater than 0. 9. In the principal component analysis, the samples before and after wash were gathered together. The contents of ferulic acid in 15 batches of Danggui were evaluated before and after wine wash, showing that the ferulic acid contents in the herbs after wash with wine were lower than those in the crude herbs. At the same time, the 15 batches of crude Danggui had a higher extraction rate than the wine washed Danggui. Conclusion The method established in this study is stable and feasible, providing reference for comparison and contrast of the similarities and differences of Danggui before and after wine wash and for its quality control. Incorporating multiple methods, this study is conducive to comprehensive evaluation of Danggui before and after wine wash. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cultivated land is an important indicator of landscape changes driven by human activities. Mapping the spatio-temporal changes of cultivated lands will help us to understand its corresponding environmental and ecological changes in their downstream areas. The Manas drainage basin is the key area of agricultural region in the northern slope of the Tianshan Mountains. However, the drastic farmland reclamation in the last 50 years makes irrigation water increasing rapidly, leading to environmental degradation in the downstream of the Manas River. In this paper, remote sensing and GIS technologies are used to analyze the spatio-temporal characteristics of farmland changes in the Manas drainage basin under the condition of intense soil-water utilization. Firstly, remote sensing images in 1962, 1977, 1989, 2000 and 2010 are applied to map land use changes with the cognition classification software and manual edition. Then the temporal process and spatial pattern of land cover changes are analyzed by geo-statistics and landscape analysis. On the temporal scale, the cultivated land changes and its mutual transition relationships with other land types are analyzed with areal ratio and transition matrix methods; on the spatial scale, GIS spatial analysis tool and landscape class level index are used to describe the characteristics of farmland expansion or shrinking changes in different regions and different land patches. Finally, hydrological data and irrigation construction data are used to explain the impact of climate change and human activities on the farmland landscape. The results show that: (1) The overall land use changes of the Manas drainage basin in the last 50 years are as follows: cultivated land and built-up areas increase continuously, while the unutilized land, wetland and snow/glacier have been decreasing steadily; grassland area is increasing in the former 20 years and then decreasing gradually in the last 30 years; the intensity of land use changes keeps stable after dramatic changes. (2) The overall cultivated land transformations have shifted from outward and inward transformations to single inward transformation; in inward land types, grassland and unutilized land are the main inward land types to farmland, and woodland and wetland take larger percentages in the first 20 years, while less percentages in the later 30 years; in outward land types, built-up land and grassland are the main outward land types, and grassland and unutilized land have larger percentages in the former 20 years due to cultivated land degradation; the total area of inward land types far exceeds than that of the outward land types, and the cultivated land area is steadily increasing in the last 50 years. (3) The focus of cultivated land expansion has shifted from the margins of cities to desert regions, and the newly-increased farmland gradually from the upstream to the downstream; cultivated land expansion firstly begins at the Changji Hutubi and Manas County in the former 20 years, then shifts to Shawan County, the river's surrounding areas and northern deserts; the cultivated landscapes are characterized from discrete and messy pieces into continuous land patches, so the advantage of cultivated landscape is increasing, while the landscape diversity and heterogeneity are decreasing due to land parcel combinations. (4) The increasing precipitation and runoff in the Manas drainage basin provide more water resource for cultivated land reclamation, and reservoir and irrigation channel construction have positive effects on spatial expansion of the cultivated land; when reservoirs and channels are built up, cultivated land will expand correspondingly in a rapid rate in the next decade, and hence the spatio-temporal processes of farmland expansion have high relations with the irrigation facilities. (5) The increasing water resource induced by climate change cannot keep up with the increasing speed of the farmland, and water resource is in the state of over exploitation; measures must be taken to reduce the amount of irrigated water, so as to improve ecological environments in the downstream of the Manas River. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aiming at the frequent and fixed data querying characteristics generally existed in special kinds of applications, this paper proposed a data pre-fetching and caching algorithm based on templates, which was used to improve the query efficiency and lighten the loading pressure of servers. It built the data query templates which would be invoked to get the pre-fetching data when a trigger was activated, and put forward a data pre-fetching method based on templates and a pre-fetching algorithm based on triggers. In consideration of the existence of some big data in cache space had optimization effect on query speed, it designed a cache object model and put forward an improved Hybrid algorithm. It tested and analyzed the algorithm performance based on Dongfang-hong wetland environment monitoring platform. The experiment results show that the access latency rate of the proposed algorithm is all lower than classical algorithms under different cache percent, and the algorithm shows an excellent application performance as the increase of query data amount. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Carbon emissions of the clothing sales should not be ignored in the process of the garment life cycle carbon emissions. This paper describes in detail how the clothing goes from the factory to consumers, and discusses the source of Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions from the two aspects of the traditional marketing and network marketing. And then, this paper mainly discusses the clothing sales carbon footprint, and to calculate the carbon footprint by drawing the clothing from the factory to the flow chart, determining boundary, collecting data and other steps, and then evaluates of the impact according to the results of the analysis. Quantitative evaluation of carbon footprint of clothing sales can help us reduce greenhouse gas emissions, contributes to the sustainable development of clothing industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To screen mutations in genes including ASXL1, TET2, IDH1, IDH2, SETBP1, MPL515, JAK2 exon 12 and JAK2V617 in 135 polycythemia vera (PV) patients. To assess progreasson and genomics characteristics post polycythemic myelofibrosis. Methods DNA sequencing of ASXL1(Exon12), TET2 (Exons 3- 11), IDH1(Exon4), IDH2(Exon4), SEPBP1(Exon4), JAK2 exon 12 and MPL515 (Exon 10) genes were carried out using Sanger method. JAK2V617 mutation was detected by allele- specific PCR in patients with PV. In the mean time, the mutation load of V617F allele (V617F%) was evaluated by real-time PCR using Tagman MGB probe. Then, the significant of gene mutations and clinical outcomes of post-PV Myelofibrosis (PPMF) was analyzed. To study risk factors of PPMF, logistic regression were employed. Results ASXL1, TET2, IDH1, IDH2 were mutated in 7.69% (8/104), 5.26% (1/19) , 0.08% (1/120) and 0.08% (1/121) of all PV patient respectively. JAK2 was mutated in 82.22% (111/135) of PV patients with mutation rate of exon12 of 2.96% (4/ 135) and there were no mutation of MPL515 and SETBP1 in PV patients. ASXL1 mutation was found in 31.82%(7/22) PPMF patients. Spearman analysis showed that ASXL1 is correlated with JAK2V617F (V617F%) (rs=0.298, P=0.002). The hemoglobin was lower in patients with ASXL1 mutation than patient without mutation (wild type). Leukocyte count, V617F%>50% rate, thrombosis and PPMF were higher in patients with ASXL1 mutation than that of ASXL1 wild type (P<0.05). ASXL1 mutation, V617F%>50% rate and splenomegaly were all risk factors of PPMF. Conclusion ASXL1 mutation is the risk-factor of PPMF and may promote V617F% by some mechanism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on explicit dynamic software ANSYS/LS-DYNA, the numerical simulation for crack evolution of the interaction between an ice sheet and conical structure is presented. The stress distribution and crack propagation inclination in ice sheet are obtained. There is great difference in the stress distribution between the top and the bottom surface of ice. Radial crack appears firstly at ice-cone contact position. The difference of ice stress distribution and the crack propagation inclination with different ice-cone contact positions is studied on the basis of numerical results. The relationship between the ice-cone contact position and failure mode transform is also analyzed. The results show that ice-cone contact position has less effect on ice sheet stress distribution and crack propagation. Ice-cone contact position is not the sensitive factor of failure modes transition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the context of computational structural mechanics, a numerical solution of stress field (bending moment field) is of great importance in practice. With the classical beam problem as a typical example, the displacement field is first computed by the usual finite element method. With these approximate values, by means of the Tikhonov regularization method, two numerical methods are then proposed to solve the bending moment field involved. Theoretical analysis and numerical simulation were given to show the efficiency of both methods. The basic idea behind the paper can be extended to study similar high-dimensional problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]