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Particulate matter (PM) is the main air pollutant in China. Due to its wide distribution and difficulties in control, PM has been widely concerned. PM mainly enters human body through respiratory exposure and can cause a variety of health problems. Recent studies have shown that PM exposure is also associated with the occurrence and development of digestive system diseases, as it can enter human body indirectly through the respiratory tract or directly through the digestive tract. Gut microbiota (GM) is a group of microorganisms located in the intestinal epithelium mucosa and intestinal lumen. GM is large in number and rich in functions, and its homeostasis plays an important role in the intestinal health of individuals and even the health of the body. Because GM may mediate the health effects induced by environmental factors, more and more studies have focused on the effects of ambient PM on GM. In this review, we summarized the effects of a variety of ambient PM on GM homeostasis, focusing on five major phyla including Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Verrucomicrobia, and discussed their main functions and the effects of PM on their homeostasis and abundance.

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OBJECTIVE: To probe into the effects of steam therapy on liver cirrhosis and gut microbiota dysbiosis based on “liver-gut axis” and its clinical efficacy. METHODS: A total of 80 patients with liver cirrhosis and gut microbiota dysbiosis admitted into the hospital from Mar. 2021 to Sept. 2022 were extracted to be divided into the observation group ( n = 40) and control group ( n = 40) by single blind and random method. The treatment group received steam therapy, while the control group was given traditional supportive treatment. The treatment period was 12 weeks. Quantitative detection of gut microbiota was conducted before treatment, after treatment of 4, 8 and 12 weeks. Clinical indicators and clinical staging were recorded and SPSS statistical analysis was performed. RESULTS: The total effective rate of improvement of cirrhosis symptom in the observation group was 75. 0% (29 / 40), significantly higher than 50. 0% ( 20 / 40) in the control group; the total effective rate of improvement of intestinal flora was 80. 0% (32 / 40), significantly higher than 52. 5% ( 21 / 40) of the control group, the difference between two groups was statistically significant (P<0. 05). After treatment, the levels of ALT, AST and TBIL in the observation group were significantly lower than those before treatment, and the levels of ALB were significantly higher than those before treatment, with statistically significant differences (P was 0. 011, 0. 002, 0. 005 and 0. 001, respectively); there was no statistically significant difference in the levels of ALT,AST,TBIL and ALB before and after treatment in control group (P>0. 05). After treatment, the abundance of Bifidobacteria, Firmicutes/ Bacteroidetes in the observation group was significantly higher than those before treatment, while the abundance of Bifidobacteria in the control group after treatment was higher than those before treatment, with statistically significant differences (P<0. 05). After treatment, the number of Escherichia coli and alcaligenaceae bacteria in the observation group decreased significantly compared with before treatment, while the number of Bifidobacterium, Firmicutes/ Bacteroidetes bacteria increased significantly compared with before treatment, with statistically significant differences (P<0. 05 ). There was no significant difference in the incidence of nausea, vomiting, headache and vertigo between two groups (P>0. 05 ). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Evaluation & Analysis of Drug-Use in Hospitals of China is the property of Evaluation & Analysis of Drug-Use in Hospitals of China Editorial Board and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The experiment was to investigate the effect of puerarin on ileal microflora of broilers fed oxidized soybean oil. A total of 360 one-day-old healthy female Yellow-feathered broilers were randomly divided into four groups, fresh soybean oil group, soybean oil + puerarin (750 mg/kg) group, oxidized soybean oil group and oxidized soybean oil + puerarin (750 mg/kg) group, respectively, with six replicates in each group and 15 broilers in each replicate. The experiment lasted for 56 d. The results showed that compared with fresh soybean oil group, Shannon indexes was significantly increased on ileal microflora of 56-day-old broilers in oxidized soybean oil group (P<0.05), Sobs indexes on ileal microflora of 28-day-old broilers was reduced. There was a significant interaction between oxidized soybean oil + puerarin group on Sobs indexes and Chao1 indexes of ileal microflora of 56-day-old broilers (P<0.05). Compared with oxidized soybean oil group, Sobs indexes and Chaol indexes were significantly decreased of on ileal microflora of 56-day-old broilers in oxidized soybean oil + puerarin group (P<0.05). Compared with fresh soybean oil group, the abundance of Bacteroidetes, Synergistetes and Ruminococcaceae_UCG-014 on ileal microflora of 56-day-old broilers in oxidized soybean oil group were increased. The experiment indicates that puerarin can reduce number of specific OTUs on ileal microflora of broilers fed with oxidized soybean oil, alleviate imbalance of intestinal microbiota caused by feeding oxidized soybean oil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Environmental Science & Technology (10036504) is the property of Editorial Board of Environmental Science & Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The experiment was conducted to study the effect of Bacillus preparation on growth performance, immune performance and fecal flora of weak piglets. Forty-two 28-day-old Sujiang piglets (half in male and female) with the same genetic background, parity and nutrition were randomly divided into two groups, with seven replicates in each group and three piglets in each replicate. Pigs in control group were fed with a basal diet, and those in Bacillus group were fed with a basal diet supplemented with 1 kg/t Bacillus preparation. The experiment lasted for 35 d. The results showed that compared with control group, the average daily gain of piglets in Bacillus preparation group was extremely increased (P<0.01), average daily feed intake was significantly increased (P<0.05), and diarrhea rate was extremely decreased (P<0.01). Compared with control group, the relative abundance of fecal flora Firmicutes of piglets in Bacillus preparation group decreased, while the relative abundance of bacteroidetes and spirochetes increased. The fecal bacteria of piglets in Bacillus preparation group were Prevotella, Treponema, Unspecified Bacteroidales of S24_7 were increased in relative abundance. The relative abundance of Unspecified Lachnospiraceae, Streptococcus, Unspecified Clostridiales, Ruminococcus and Blautia were decreased. The experiment indicates that adding Bacillus to diet can improve the growth performance of weak piglets, and promote the growth and propagation of beneficial bacteria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Food Research & Development is the property of Food Research & Development Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

目的　测定非酒精性脂肪性肝病（nonalcoholic fatty liver disease，NAFLD）患者肠道中目标细菌的数 量，探讨肠道菌群在NAFLD 发生发展中的作用。方法　随机选取150 例NAFLD 患者，60 例健康对照者，采 用实时荧光定量PCR 法检测粪便中目标细菌DNA 的表达量。结果　NAFLD 患者粪便中的乳酸杆菌、直肠真 杆菌数量显著增加（P = 0.00、P = 0.007），双歧杆菌、多形拟杆菌数量显著降低（P = 0.00、P = 0.022）。结论　NAFLD 患者肠道中存在乳酸杆菌、直肠真杆菌、双歧杆菌、多形拟杆菌的结构失衡，肠道菌群失衡可能参与NAFLD 的发生发展，改善肠道菌群失衡对NAFLD 具有一定治疗价值。 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to explore the influence of three different light intensities on the community structure of symbiotic biofilm of bacterial-algal. We designed three test systems on different light intensity levels (CK group 0 lx, T1 group 4 750 lx, T2 group 7 580 lx) to study the community structure of bacteria in the symbiotic biofilm of bacteria and algae under the water quality condition of freshwater aquaculture pond. The results showed that the development of bacterial community structure had different response to different micro ecological environment. The number of OTUs (498.5±7.16, 517.2±10.36), Chao1 index (648.7±35.64, 672.8±30.69) and Shannon index (4.68±0.01, 4.85±0.03) were significantly higher than CK (406.6± 8.18, 521.5±18.62, 3.53±0.02). In CK group, the number of bacterial community in biofilm was in a weak position, which was significantly lower than that in T1 and T2 treatments. With the increase of light intensity, the order of dominant bacterial groups in the biofilm changed. In CK group, Proteobacteria was dominant, Bacteroidetes, chloroflexa and actinobacteria were second, Acidobacteria and verrucomibia were in a weak position. In T1 group, Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes and Chloroflexi were dominant, Actinobacteria, Planctomycetes and Cyanobacteria were second, Acidobacteria, Verrucomicrobia and Nitrospirae were in a weak position. In T2 group, Bacteroidetes, Chloroflexi and Cyanobacteria were dominant, Proteobacteria and Planctomycetes were second, Actinobacteria and Acidobacteria were in a weak position. In CK group, the mean value of phylum richness of Proteobacteria was 32.92%±2.65%, which was significantly higher than that in T1 group (21.89%±3.25%) and T2 group (15.28%±3.60%) (P < 0.05). The abundance of Bacteroidetes in T1 group was 18.72%± 2.48%, and that in T2 group was 19.78%±4.69%. There was no significant difference between the two groups. The abundance of Bacteroidetes in CK group was 14.24%±1.89%, significantly lower than that in T1 and T2 groups (P < 0.05). The abundance of Chloroflexi in CK group was 13.34%±3.73%, significantly lower than that in T1 group (17.57%±3.57%) and T2 group (18.77%±3.14%) (P < 0.05). The abundance of Nitrospirae in CK group and T1 group was 2.61%±0.53% and 2.45%±0.34%, respectively, which was significantly higher than that in T2 group (0.94%±0.1%). There was no difference in the abundance of Actinobacteria between T1 and T2 groups, but there was significant difference between them and CK group. The abundance of Cyanobacteria in CK group (1.59%±0.52%) was significantly lower than that in T1 group (9.24%±1.2%) and T2 group (20.03%±1.03%). The relative abundance of Nitrospira in CK and T1 was 2.72%±0.93% and 2.57%±0.46%, significantly higher than that in T2. The relative abundance of Rhodobacter increased with the increase of light intensity. The mean relative abundance of Pseudomonas in T1 group was significantly higher than that in CK group and T2 group. The development of bacterial community structure in the biofilm of Bacillariophyta had different response to different light intensity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of South China Fisheries Science is the property of South China Fisheries Science Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of South China Fisheries Science is the property of South China Fisheries Science Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The improvement of saline soil with microbial fertilizer has numerous advantages including high efficiency, green environmental protection, etc. At the same time, applying microbial fertilizer is an effective way to safely use brackish water. Based on the moderately saline soil in the Hetao irrigation area, four treatments of F1 (4500 kg·km -2 ), F2 (7500 kg·km -2 ), F3 (10500 kg·km -2 ), and CK without microbial fertilizer were applied under brackish water irrigation using Lycium barbarum as the indicator plants. The aim was to study the effects of different microbial fertilizer application rates on soil ions, soil moisture content, pH value, nutrients, and bacterial community in four key growth stages of L. barbarum (flowering stage, fruit expansion stage, full fruit stage, and deciduous stage). The results showed that, compared with that in CK, F1 only significantly decreased Na + content in the first two growth stages ( P <0.05), whereas F2 and F3 significantly decreased Na + content in the whole growth period ( P <0.05), with an average reduction of 33.66% and 57.98%, respectively, and F3 significantly increased soil moisture content (MC), organic matter (OM), alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen (AN), and available phosphorus (AP) contents ( P <0.05) during the whole growth period. In the flourishing period of L. barbarum , the Shannon index of F3 increased by 4.41% compared with that of CK. The dominant bacterial phyla in the soil were Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Actinobacteria, and the dominant bacterial genera were Sphingomonas and Pseudomonas . The most abundant functions of bacterial communities in the study area were chemoheterotrophy and aerobic chemoheterotrophy, with an average relative abundance of 15.07% and 13.16%, respectively. The application of microbial fertilizer increased the chitinolysis function and chloroplast functions of soil bacteria, which F2 increased to the highest degree. Canonical correlation analysis (CCA) showed that MC, Na + , and OM were important factors affecting the composition of the bacterial community. The correlation heat map showed that MC was positively correlated with Planctomycetes ( P <0.01), and Gp6 was positively correlated with AN ( P <0.01). Compared with that in CK, the F3 treatment increased the relative abundance of Gp6 and optimized the community structure during the growth period. In conclusion, the application of 10500 kg·km -2 microbial fertilizer (F3 treatment) under brackish water irrigation could significantly reduce soil salinity, increase nutrients, and improve the diversity of the soil bacterial community structure, which is conducive to the safe utilization of brackish water and the maintenance of soil ecological health.

Microplastics are widely distributed in the soil environment, threatening the soil ecological environment system and changing soil physicochemical properties and microbial characteristics. Biochar is often used as a soil amendment to improve soil quality due to its special pore structure and good soil nutrient retention ability. However, the understanding of the effects and mechanisms of biochar application on the physicochemical properties and bacterial communities of microplastic-contaminated soils is still very limited. Therefore, a 21-day micro-soil culture experiment was conducted to analyze the effects of biochar application on physicochemical properties and bacterial community changes in soil contaminated with different concentrations of microplastics using 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing technology. The results revealed that the application of biochar slowed down the decrease in nitrate nitrogen and Olsen-P contents in microplastic-contaminated soil and increased the total phosphorus content. Biochar addition increased the relative abundance of tolerant phylum such as Acidobacteriota, Actinobacteriota, and Bacteroidota in microplastic-contaminated calcareous soil. Proteobacteria, Acidobacteriota, and Actinobacteriota were the dominant bacteria of the soil bacterial community in each treatment on day 7 and day 21. Compared with that on day 7, the relative abundance of Proteobacteria and Firmicutes significantly decreased, and the relative abundance of Acidobacteriota, Actinobacteriota, Bacteroidota, Chloroflexi, and Myxococcota increased on day 21. Biochar application also increased the relative abundance of Lysobacter in microplastic-contaminated soils. This study demonstrated that the application of biochar increased microplastic-resistant bacteria, enhanced the stability of microplastic-contaminated soil, and slowed down the pollution of microplastics to the soil. Moreover, biochar had great potential to improve the quality of microplastic-contaminated calcareous soil.

In order to understand the impacts of the reservoir construction on the diversity and ecological network of different microbial communities, seven sampling sites were set up in the Hengshan Reservoir in 2021. Water samples were collected from the surface and bottom of the reservoir. After filtering and extracting total DNA samples, high-throughput sequencing was carried out based on 16S and 18S rDNA to investigate the response of community structure, molecular ecological network, and keystone species of different microbial groups to water environment changes. The results showed that the Richness, Simpson, Shannon, and Pielou's Evenness indices of bacterial community in the surface and bottom layers were higher than those in the eukaryote community. The dominant community of bacteria included Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Bacteroidetes, and the eukaryote community included Arthropoda, Ciliophora, Ochrophyta, etc. Moreover, the density and average clustering coefficient of the microbial networks in the surface waters of different phytoplankton communities were higher than those in the bottom waters. It was also observed that the microbial ecological networks in the surface waters were more closely related, and the number of nodes and edges, as well as the number of keystone species, of bacterial communities in the surface and bottom layers were significantly higher than those in the eukaryote microbial communities, indicating that the bacterial community network was larger, and the cooperative relationship and network connectivity between species were stronger. The interaction between bacterial community and eukaryote community in different water depths was dominated by positive correlation, and the negative correlation of the two groups in the bottom layer was slightly greater than that in the surface, indicating that the competition between bottom-layer species was greater than that between surface-layer species. In addition, the environmental impact factors of all species and keystone species of the community in surface water were basically the same, but they differed greatly in deep water, indicating that the influence mechanism of water depth change on keystone species was not the same as that of all species. The results further revealed the effects of reservoir construction on the stability and interspecific interactions of different microbial communities and provided a theoretical basis for predicting variations in microbial community and material cycling in reservoirs.

Microplastics (MPs), as a new type of pollutant, are widely detected in sewage treatment plants. Currently, research on MPs in traditional sewage treatment systems has mainly been focused on the pollution level and distribution characteristics, with a lack of studying the impact of MPs on the sludge granulation. In order to explore the effect of MPs on the granulation process, a microplastic exposure test was conducted by adding polyethylene terephthalate microplastics (PET-MPs), which are widespread in the environment. The operating performance of the system, extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) composition, and flora enrichment were analyzed on the sludge granulation. The results showed that the exposure of PET-MPs significantly accelerated the sludge granulation process, whereas the increase in EPS content dominated by PN enhanced the sludge surface hydrophobicity; the granulation rate and EPS secretion were proportional to the exposed particle size. Microplastics and EPS secretions synergistically promoted the formation of granular sludge. However, continuous microplastic exposure led to deterioration of the system decontamination performance and inhibited the degradation process of pollutants, with the most negative effect of nitrite nitrogen accumulation under 250 μm PET-MPs exposure, as high as (5.08±0.24) mg·L -1 . The high-throughput sequencing revealed that the microbial community diversity fell in the experimental group. The dominant bacteria at the phylum level were Proteobacteria and Bacteroidota on the sludge granulation. Rhodocyclaceae, Sphingomonadaceae, Flavobacteriaceae, and Rhodanobacteraceae promoted flocculation by increasing EPS secretion. The decrease in Comamonadaceae and Chitinophagaceae weakened the ammonia and nitrite oxidation capacity of the system, whereas the decrease in Rhodobacteraceae, Hyphomonadaceae, and Xanthomonadaceae inhibited the removal of nitrate nitrogen.

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The structure and distribution of bacterial communities should be influenced by urban and industrial activities. The Boqing River, which flows through towns and a copper tailing reservoir, is an important tributary of Xiaolangdi Reservoir in South Shanxi. In order to clarify the structure and distribution characteristics of the bacterial community in the Boqing River, we collected water samples along the Boqing River. The diversity characteristics of bacterial communities were analyzed, and their relationships with environmental factors were also explored. The results showed that the abundance and diversity of the bacterial community were higher in the downstream than that in the upstream of the river. Both of the parameters first decreased and then increased along the river. The lowest and highest bacterial abundance and diversity existed in the copper tailing reservoir and the site adjacent to the Xiaolangdi Reservoir, respectively. Proteobacteria, Actinobacteriota, Bacteroidota, and Firmicutes were dominant taxa at the bacterial phylum level in the river, and Acinetobacter, Limnohabitans, Pseudoarthrobacter , and Flavobacterium were dominant taxa at the genus level. Acinetobacter had the highest relative abundance in urban water of the river, which was significantly positively correlated with TC. Flavobacterium was significantly correlated with As. Considering its co-occurrence with As, we speculated that As might contribute to the spread of pathogenic bacteria in the study area. The results of this study were of great importance for the assessment of aquatic health under a complex environment.

The improvement of saline soil is an important issue that cannot be ignored in the farmland soil environment. The change in soil salinity will inevitably affect the soil bacterial community. This experiment was based on moderately saline soil in the Hetao Irrigation Area, conducted by applying phosphogypsum (LSG), interplanting Suaeda salsa with Lycium barbarum (JP) and applying phosphogypsum and interplanting S. salsa with L. barbarum (LSG+JP),and the local unimproved soil of a L. barbarum orchard was used as the control (CK), to explore the effects of different improvement methods on soil moisture, salinity, nutrients, and bacterial community structure diversity during the growth period of L. barbarum . The results showed that compared with that under CK, the LSG+JP treatment significantly decreased the soil EC value and pH value from the flowering stage to the deciduous stage ( P <0.05), with an average decrease of 39.96% and 7.25%, respectively; the LSG+JP treatment significantly increased soil organic matter (OM) and available phosphorus (AP) content during the whole growth period ( P <0.05), with an average annual increase of 81.85% and 203.50%, respectively. The total nitrogen (TN) content was significantly increased in the flowering and deciduous stages ( P <0.05), with an annual average increase of 48.91%. The Shannon index of LSG+JP in the early stage of improvement was increased by 3.31% and 6.54% compared with that of CK, and the Chao1 index was increased by 24.95% and 43.26% compared with that of CK, respectively. The dominant bacteria in the soil were Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria, and Acidobacteria, and the dominant genus was Sphingomonas . Compared with that in CK, the relative abundance of Proteobacteria in the improved treatment increased by 0.50%-16.27% from the flowering stage to the deciduous stage, and the relative abundance of Actinobacteria in the improved treatment increased by 1.91%-4.98% compared with that in CK in the flowering and full-fruit stages. Redundancy analysis (RDA) results showed that pH, water content (WT), and AP were important factors affecting bacterial community composition, and the correlation heatmap showed that Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and EC values were significantly negatively correlated ( P <0.001); Actinobacteria and Nitrospirillum were significantly negatively correlated with EC values ( P <0.01). In conclusion, the application of phosphogypsum and interplanting S. salsa with L. barbarum (LSG+JP) could significantly reduce soil salinity, increase nutrients, and improve the diversity of soil bacterial community structure, which is beneficial to the long-term improvement of saline soil in the Hetao Irrigation Area and the maintenance of soil ecological health.

The study of bacterial community diversity and metabolic function in lake water is of great significance to the healthy development of the urban landscape lake water environment. In this study, Hancheng Lake, Nanhu Lake, Xingqing Lake, and Taohuatan Lake were selected as the study area. Illumina Nova high-throughput sequencing technology was used to study the composition and structure of bacterial communities in four different types of lakes. The correlation between bacterial communities and environmental factors was analyzed using the RDA method. Tax4Fun was used to predict the metabolic function of bacterial communities. The results showed that the diversity of bacterial communities was different in different lakes. The α diversity of Taohuatan Lake was the highest, and that of Xingqing Lake was the lowest. The bacterial community structure of the same lake had a trend of aggregation. The dominant phyla of bacteria in the four lakes were similar, mainly Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Actinobacteria. The difference was only in the proportion of bacteria. Additionally, the distribution of bacterial communities at the genus level in the four lakes was quite different. The physical and chemical properties of lakes were significantly correlated with bacterial community, and the most critical factor was nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients( P <0.05). Tax4Fun function prediction showed that the metabolic function of bacterial communities in the four lakes was similar, and the relative abundance of amino acid metabolism and carbohydrate metabolism was the highest. In addition, the potential drug-resistant bacterial pollution and the possibility of human infectious diseases were higher. These results are helpful for understanding the current situation of bacteria in urban lakes in Xi'an and providing a theoretical basis for the management and sustainable development of urban lakes.

In recent years, the ecosystems on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP) have been facing a high risk of degradation due to the impacts of climate change and human activities. As one of the important components in river ecosystems, microbial communities can reflect the overall changes in the watershed and are regarded as indicators of the health of river ecosystems. In order to investigate the diversity and composition characteristics of bacterial communities in river ecosystems on the QTP, 65 samples were collected from the Yellow River, Yangtze River, Lancang River, Nujiang River, Yarlung Tsangpo River, and Qaidam Basin on the QTP in July 2021 and were analyzed using 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing. The results showed that the detected bacterial communities covered 65 phyla and 1311 genera in total. Bacterial communities had high α -diversity indexes across the rivers, indicating that the bacterial richness and diversity in rivers on the QTP were at a high level. Among them, Chao and observed OTUs had significantly negative relationships with SRP/TP. The dominant phyla were Proteobacteria, Bacteroidota, Actinobacteriota, and Cyanobacteria. The dominant classes were γ -proteobacteria, Bacteroidia, and α -proteobacteria. The dominant genera were Flavobacterium and Limnohabitans . The results of principal coordinate analysis and permutational MANOVA suggested significant differences in bacterial community structure among the rivers on the QTP. Canonical correspondence analysis showed that the significant environmental variables associated with the variation in the bacterial communities were physicochemical properties of the river water, including conductivity, pH, dissolved silicon, and dissolved organic carbon, as well as watershed characteristics, including the average normalized differential vegetation index, average slope, cumulative water channel distance, catchment size, proportion of shrub area, and average elevation. Among them, conductivity had the strongest influence on bacteria distribution on the QTP. These results provide a database and information for understanding the composition characteristics of microbial communities on the QTP and identifying environmental factors influencing the diversity of bacteria communities.

Understanding how soil microorganisms respond to land reclamation is essential to evaluating the success of ecological restoration actions in disturbed mine soil. However, the microbiological mechanism referred to as productivity reconstruction of the reclaimed soil is still unclear. To shed light on this mechanism, a total of 75 soil samples were collected for 16S rRNA amplicon high-throughput sequencing. The five sampling sites contained four reclamation plots (reclaimed 8 a, 11 a, 14 a, and 17 a) and 1 non-reclaimed plot, which served as the control sampling site. The microbial community composition, potential functions, and assembly mechanisms were also analyzed. The results showed that:①the richness of the microbial community increased with the reclamation time and was higher than that of the control site. However, the community diversity and evenness decreased with the increasing reclamation year ( P <0.05). ②Acidobacteria, Chloroflexi, Proteobacteria, and Bacteroidetes dominated in the reclaimed soil, and the relative abundances of the first two phyla were significantly higher than that of the control ( P <0.05), whereas the latter two presented the opposite trends ( P <0.05). ③ Eight functions, including coenzyme transport and metabolism, translation, ribosomal structure, and biogenesis, showed a positive succession in the reclamation sites and enhanced with increasing reclamation years. ④ The molecular ecological networks of the microbial community in the plain mining area were well modular, whereas the key microbial groups belonged to the Acidobacteria and Bacteroidetes. The microbial communities were dominantly assembled with the deterministic process, and the homogeneous selection contributed the most, which might have been mainly controlled by the local special environment. The results presented herein will undoubtedly aid in the establishment of success indicators of ecological restoration activities in disturbed mining soil. These findings also provide the theoretical basis for improving the productivity and ecological services of reclaimed soil.

To study the effect of on-line NaClO backwashing on the microbial community structure of membrane bioreactor (MBR) systems, a reversed A 2 O-MBR reactor was used to monitor system performance, membrane fouling, and microbial community structure. Measurements were made during the stabilization stage, the on-line pure water backwashing stage, and the on-line NaClO backwashing stage. The results showed that key system performance indicators during NaClO backwashing stage, such as COD, ammonia nitrogen, and TN treatment efficiency, were similar to previous stages. The average membrane fouling rate during the on-line pure water backwashing period was lower than that of the stable stage, while the membrane fouling rate increased during the on-line NaClO backwashing stage, and EPS concentration was the highest and membrane fouling was aggravated. The results of the Chao index, Simpson index, and Shannon index showed that the microbial diversity in the aerobic tank sludge remained almost stable after on-line NaClO backwashing, while the abundance of cake layer sludge increased slightly, but the microbial diversity decreased significantly. Proteobacteria was the main microbial phylum in both the aerobic tank and cake layer sludge, followed by Bacteroidetes. After on-line NaClO backwashing, the relative abundance of Proteobacteria and Bacteroides in the aerobic tank sludge did not change notably, but the composition of filter cake sludge changed significantly. Proteobacteria that possess resistance to chlorine disinfectant increased from 53.4% to 77.8%, while Bacteroides decreased from 33.44% to 14.5%. After on-line NaClO backwashing, the composition of the microbial community in aerobic tank and cake layer was similar. Azospira and Comamonadaceaea also increased significantly after NaClO backwashing. Microbial species that can tolerate NaClO treatment may be the main cause of membrane fouling.

Objective: To explore the composition of the gastrointestinal bacterial flora of mouse embryos and the placenta tissue bacterial flora. Method: Twenty-four specimens were collected from pregnant Kunming mouse including 8 mice of early embryonic (12-13 days) gastrointestinal tissues, 8 cases of late embryonic (19-20 days)gastrointestinal tissues, 8 of late pregnancy placental tissues.The 24 samples were extracted by DNeasy Blood & Tissue kit for high-throughput DNA sequencing. Result: The level of Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Actino-bacteria and Firmicutes were predominantin all specimens.The relative content of predominant bacterial phyla in each group: Proteobacteria (95.00%, 88.14%, 87.26%), Bacteroidetes(1.71%, 2.15%, 2.63%), Actino-Bacteria(1.16%, 4.10%, 3.38%), Firmicutes(0.75%, 2.62%, 2.01%). At the level of family, there were nine predominant bacterial families in which Enterobacteriaeae , Shewanel laceae and Moraxellaceae were dominant.The relative content of dominant bacterial family in eachgroup: Enterobacteriaeae (46.99%, 44.34%, 41.08%), Shewanellaceae (21.99%, 21.10%, 19.05%), Moraxellaceae (9.18%, 7.09%, 5.64%). From the species of flora, the flora from fetal gastrointestinal in early pregnancy and late pregnancy (65.44% and 62.73%) were the same as that from placenta tissue in the late pregnancy.From the abundance of bacteria, at the level of family, the same content of bacteria in three groups accounted for 78.16%, 72.53% and 65.78% respectively. Conclusion: It was proved that the gastrointestinal bacterial flora of mouse embryos and the placenta tissue bacterial flora were colonized. At the same time the bacteria are classified.

The prokaryotic community structure in river waters of the Ningbo Sanjiang Mouth was analyzed for the first time using 16S rRNA gene based-Illumina Miseq high-throughput sequencing. A total of 215 504 high-quality sequences were obtained, and the results of alpha-diversity analysis revealed that Yongjiang River Watershed (YRW) harbored high diversity and richness of prokaryotic communities. Taxonomic assignment analysis indicated that β-Proteobacterium, Actinobacteria and Bacteroidetes dominated in the river water of YRW, and accounted for 78. 88% of the total prokaryotic communities. Hydrological condition may play an important role in influencing the composition and structure of YRW prokaryotic community. In addition, several kinds of sewer- and fecal-pollution indicator bacterial groups were observed in this area with the highest abundance of pollution indicator bacteria occurring in the water sample of Yuyao River, implying that the Yuyao River might have a high potential risk of sewer- and fecal-pollution. Moreover, a total of 76 species and 18 subspecies of potential pathogenic bacteria, which accounted for 2. 19% and 0. 40% of total sequences respectively, were identified using BLASTN analysis with a local pathogenic bacteria database. Overall, this study provided an important basic data for shedding light on the structure and ecological function of YRW prokaryotic community.