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The occurrence and development of tumors include the tumorigenicity of tumor cells in vivo, the growth of xenograft tumors, angiogenesis, tumor migration, invasion and metastasis. Tumorigenicity-related proteins play an important regulatory role during these processes. Research of tumorigenicity-related proteins is of great significance for identifing new targets for tumor treatment and blocking tumor occurrence and development. We reviewed the effects of tumorigenicity-related proteins on cell tumorigenesis, the consequence of protein interactions on tumor migration and invasion, the effects of tumorigenicity-related proteins on cell migration and invasion in vitro, and their relationship with tumor metastasis. This review provides rich information on the regulatory mechanism of tumorigenicity-related proteins in tumor development.

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the common types and directions of root fractures of the maxillary first molar and the influence of root canal treatment on the prevalent sites of root fractures., Methods: A total of 274 maxillary first molars with root fractures diagnosed via cone beam computed tomography were included. The root fractures of nonendodontically and endodontically treated teeth were identified to be spontaneous and secondary root fractures, respectively. The sites, types, and directions of spontaneous and secondary root fractures were determined., Results: Among the spontaneous root fractures, the proportion of palatal root fractures (56.1%) was higher than those of mesial buccal root fractures (36.1%) and distal buccal root fractures (7.8%). Among the secondary root fractures, the proportion of mesial buccal root fractures (52.7%) was higher than those of palatal root fractures (36.5%) and distal buccal root fractures (10.8%). The distribution of predominant fracture sites was statistically significant ( P <0.05), and vertical root fracture was the most common type. Palatal and buccal roots were commonly fractured at the mesiodistal and buccal-palatal directions, respectively., Conclusions: This study provided an epidemiological basis for the clinical features of root fractures of the maxillary first molar. During the dia-gnosis and treatment of the maxillary first molar, the possibility of palatal root fractures should be considered. The occurrence of mesial buccal root fractures may be related to root canal treatment. Therefore, the risk of mesial buccal root fractures caused by iatrogenic factors should be minimized.