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Copyright of China Condiment is the property of China Condiment and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of China Condiment is the property of China Condiment and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of China Condiment is the property of China Condiment and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of China Condiment is the property of China Condiment and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of China Condiment is the property of China Condiment and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Shipin Kexue/ Food Science is the property of Food Science Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study was designed to explore the hepatoprotective effects of enzymatic degradation products derived from sturgeon roe on alcohol-damaged hepatocytes and to elucidate the underlying mechanisms. Utilizing sturgeon roe as the research material, the enzymatic process was optimized by focusing on key parameters such as enzymatic efficiency and in vitro activity. The protective effects on hepatocytes were systematically investigated by using the HepG2 cell model. Advanced computerized virtual screening technology was employed to identify potential bioactive peptides within the sturgeon roe. The findings indicated that the optimum enzymatic product of sturgeon roe was obtained under the conditions of 1:1 compounding of alkaline protease (1343 U/g) and trypsin (27 U/g) for 8 h, yielded a protein recovery of 49.30%±0.57%, a hydrolysis degree of 46.05%±0.92%, and ABTS+ free radical scavenging rate of 51.45%±0.66%. Notably, at a concentration of 5 mg/mL, this product significantly enhanced the activity of alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) by 168.64%±1.42% (P<0.05). The product prepared under this enzymatic condition at 0.3~2 mg/mL significantly elevated superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, glutathione (GSH) contents, and reduced malondialdehyde (MDA) contents in alcohol-injured HepG2 cells compared to the model group (P<0.05). In addition, the product at 0.3~2 mg/mL also significantly reduced alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activities (P<0.05). Virtual screening identified 5 peptides, including LPG and FLPR, in the sturgeon roe enzymatic degradation product, showed promising hepatoprotective properties against alcohol-induced hepatocyte injury. Consequently, this study lays a solid foundation for the further development and utilization of aquatic resources, such as sturgeon roe, in hepatoprotective applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: This study was to optimize the extraction and purification process parameters of donkey serum albumin (DSA) from Asini Corii Colla, to compare the emulsification, foaming properties and antioxidant activity of DSA before and after purification, and to identify the purity of DSA. Methods: In this study, Asini Corii Colla was used as raw material and DSA extraction rate was used as the response value, the optimum extraction process of salting-out-ultrasonic assisted extraction was determined by single factor and Box-Behnken response surface design. The concentration of DSA in Asini Corii Colla was purified by Sephadex G-75, and the purity of DSA in purified Asini Corii Colla was identified by SDS-PAGE gel electrophoresis. The water holding capacity, oil holding capacity, emulsification and foaming properties of DSA in Asini Corii Colla before and after purification were compared. Finally, DSA was used to analyze its antioxidant activity in vitro by scavenging ability of superoxide anion radical, ABTS+ radical, DPPH radical and hydroxyl radical. Results: The optimum extraction process parameters of DSA in Asini Corii Colla were as follows: The ratio of dissolved solution was 1:11 g/mL, the ratio of material to liquid was 1:8.3 g/mL, the ultrasonic power was 400 W, and the ultrasonic time was 31 minutes. Under these conditions, the extraction rate of DSA was 49.57%, and the purity of DSA after purification could reach 83.7%. The results of functional properties showed that the water holding capacity, oil holding capacity, emulsification and foaming properties of DSA purified under different pH conditions were enhanced compared with those before purification. The results of antioxidant activity in vitro showed that DSA had strong antioxidant activity in vitro. When the concentration of DSA was 10.0 mg/mL, the scavenging rates of superoxide anion radical, ABTS+ radical, DPPH radical and hydroxyl radical were 73.39%, 83.61%, 71.24% and 83.79%, respectively. Conclusions: The extraction, purification and identification techniques of DSA in Asini Corii Colla are simple, rapid, and high feasibility, which provides a certain reference for the high-value utilization of Asini Corii Colla and the development of functional food.

In this study, co-pigmentation with tannin combined with microencapsulation was used to improve the stability of Vitis davidii Foex. anthocyanin. Anthocyanin microcapsules were prepared by vacuum freeze drying using maltodextrin with different dextrose equivalent (DE) values as the wall material. The results showed that the co-pigmented anthocyanin microcapsules with maltodextrin DE12 had the highest encapsulation efficiency of (99.23 ± 0.31)% and the best hygroscopicity and thermal stability. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that the surface morphology of all four microcapsules was glassy structure. The co-pigmented anthocyanin microcapsules had higher L* and a* values but lower b* value than the unco-pigmented ones. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis showed that the co-pigmented anthocyanin microcapsules with maltodextrin DE12 had higher thermal denaturation temperature and thermal stability. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) confirmed successful microencapsulation of co-pigmented anthocyanin with maltodextrin. The co-pigmented anthocyanin microcapsules with maltodextrin DE12 had good sustained release performance and strong antioxidant capacity. After simulated gastric digestion, the percentage of anthocyanins released from the microcapsules was only (56.84 ± 0.02)%. After simulated intestinal digestion, the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity of the microcapsules was (50.15 ± 0.38)%. Moreover, the degradation kinetics of the microcapsules followed first-order kinetics model and the microcapsules had good storage stability. Microencapsulation could effectively reduce the loss of anthocyanins during the pasteurization of V. davidii Foex. grape juice.

This study was designed to explore the hepatoprotective effects of enzymatic degradation products derived from sturgeon roe on alcohol-damaged hepatocytes and to elucidate the underlying mechanisms. Utilizing sturgeon roe as the research material, the enzymatic process was optimized by focusing on key parameters such as enzymatic efficiency and in vitro activity. The protective effects on hepatocytes were systematically investigated by using the HepG2 cell model. Advanced computerized virtual screening technology was employed to identify potential bioactive peptides within the sturgeon roe. The findings indicated that the optimum enzymatic product of sturgeon roe was obtained under the conditions of 1:1 compounding of alkaline protease (1343 U/g) and trypsin (27 U/g) for 8 h, yielded a protein recovery of 49.30%±0.57%, a hydrolysis degree of 46.05%±0.92%, and ABTS+ free radical scavenging rate of 51.45%±0.66%. Notably, at a concentration of 5 mg/mL, this product significantly enhanced the activity of alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) by 168.64%±1.42% (P

BACKGROUND: During healing process of chronic wounds, excessive production of reactive oxygen species can impair the function of L929 fibroblasts, thereby delaying wound repair. Therefore, protecting fibroblasts from oxidative stress is important to promote wound healing. OBJECTIVE: To assess the protective effects of carboxymethyl chitosan-oxidized chondroitin sulfate/platelet-rich plasma (CMC-OCS/PRP) hydrogel on L929 cells under H2O2 stimulation. METHODS: CMC-OCS/PRP hydrogels were prepared, and the micromorphology, degradation performance, scavenging ability of H2O2 and hydroxyl radical and biocompatibility of the hydrogels were characterized. L929 cells with good growth state were taken and cultured in five groups. The control group was cultured conventionally. H2O2 was added to the H2O2 group. Carboxymethyl chitosan-oxidized chondroitin sulfate hydrogel extract + H2O2 was added to the CMC- OCS group. Platelet-rich plasma gel extract + H2O2 was added to the PRP group. The CMC-OCS/PRP group was treated with carboxymethyl chitosan-oxidized chondroitin sulfate/platelet-rich plasma hydrogel extract + H2O2. Each group was treated with hydrogel extract for 6 hours, and then H2O2 for 24 hours. After culture, the levels of active oxygen and malondialdehyde, apoptosis and expression of collagen fiber I protein were detected. In the presence of H2O2, the above hydrogel extracts were directly or indirectly co-cultured with L929 fibroblasts for 36 hours, respectively. Migration ability of the cells was detected by scratch test and Transwell chamber test. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) CMC-OCS/PRP hydrogels had uniform and interrelated porous structure and good degradation ability, could effectively remove H2O2 and hydroxyl radicals in vitro, and had good biocompatibility. (2) Compared with the control group, the apoptosis rate, reactive oxygen species, and malondialdehyde levels were increased (P < 0.05); the spread area of cells was decreased (P < 0.05), and the expression of collagen fiber I protein had no significant changes (P > 0.05) in the H2O2 group. Compared with the H2O2 group, reactive oxygen species level was decreased in the CMC-OCS group (P < 0.05), malondialdehyde level was decreased (P < 0.05), and cell spread area was increased (P <0.05) in the PRP group, CMC-OCS group, and CMC-OCS/PRP group; apoptosis rate was decreased in the CMC-OCS/PRP group (P < 0.05), and collagen fiber I protein expression was increased in the PRP group, CMC-OCS group, and CMC-OCS/PRP group (P < 0.05). (3) Compared with the control group, the number of cell migration was decreased (P < 0.05), and the migration area had no significant change (P > 0.05) in the H2O2 group. Compared with the H2O2 group, the number and area of cell migration were increased in the PRP group, CMC-OCS group, and CMC-OCS/PRP group (P < 0.05), and the increase was most significant in the CMC-OCS/PRP group. (4) Under oxidative stress, CMC-OCS/ PRP hydrogel can improve the migration ability of fibroblasts, resist cell apoptosis, and preserve cell extension function [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Goji (Lycium barbarum L.) leaves flavonoid microcapsules (M-LBLF) were prepared using gelatin and carboxymethyl cellulose sodium (CMC) as wall materials, and the stability and biological activities were investigated. The preparation process of M-LBLF was optimized through response surface methodology. The stability of the product was detected using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis and in vitro simulated digestion. The biological activity of the product was evaluated through free radical scavenging and enzyme activity inhibition experiments. Results showed that, the optimal process conditions for M-LBLF were a core to wall ratio of 1:3.86, a wall material concentration of 1.15%, a stirring temperature of 45 ℃, and an embedding rate of 84.21%. SEM observation showed that most of the surface of the microcapsule particles was smooth, the structure of the capsule wall remained intact, and there were no signs of rupture on the wall material. FT-IR spectra showed a shift in C=O at 1594 cm−1 in Lycium barbarum leaves flavonoids (LBLF), suggesting an electrostatic interaction between LBLF and CMC. XRD spectra showed that due to microencapsulation, the amorphous structure of the product was partially transformed into a crystalline state, resulting in slight changes in the diffraction peak intensity of M-LBLF and LBLF. Thermogravimetric analysis found that microencapsulation improved the high-temperature decomposition, playing a protective role for LBLF. In vitro simulated digestion and antioxidant activity experiments showed that microencapsulation improved the stability of LBLF and retained good antioxidant activity during digestion. In addition, the equations were fitted by multiple linear regression to obtain the semi-inhibitory mass concentration (IC50) of the microcapsules against pancreatic lipase (2.2004±0.03 mg/mL) and against α-amylase (2.188±0.02 mg/mL), suggesting that M-LBLF was able to inhibit both pancreatic lipase activity and α-amylase activity, which suggested that it had the potential to regulate the glycolipid metabolism activity. This research would provide a foundation for improving the stability of flavonoids extracted from goji leaves and developing the related nutritional and health foods.

Polyacrylonitrile pre-oxidized fiber（PANOF）is an emerging flame retardant material with low cost and high performance，showing a promising application potential as thermal protection materials in the aerospace field.Pretreated PANOF（t-PANOF）was obtained by the process of oil removing with acetone and surface modification using silane coupling agent KH570 in turn.Scanning electron microscopy（SEM），Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy（FT-IR）and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy（XPS）were employed to figure out the changes of morphology and chemical structure of the fibers before and after pretreatment and their interfacial properties with silicone rubber（SR）.Effects of t-PANOF on the mechanical and thermal performances of SR were further investigated. With the presence of ceramic forming agent（CFA），the ablation responsive behaviors of CFA/t-PANOF/SR ternary composites were researched as well.The results show that the level of interfacial adhesion between fibers and rubber is significantly enhanced contributed from the pretreatment of PANOF，and the tensile strength of the composites is improved accordingly.However，with the increasing content of t-PANOF，the comprehensive mechanical properties of t-PANOF/SR composites show the trend that increase first and then decrease，indicating that the optimal dosage of the fibers is 5 to 10 phr.t-PANOF skeleton helps to not only enhance the dimensional stability of SR in high temperature and oxygen-rich environment，but also improve the ablation performance of CFA/t-PANOF/SR composites.The antioxidation ceramic layer with fiber skeleton as the main structure is formed on the surface of CFA/t-PANOF/SR composites under the high temperature aerobic gas with the heat flux density of 2 MW/m2，the corresponding linear and mass ablation rate are only 0.02 mm/s and 0.02 g/s respectively，which is expected to be utilized as an ablation material to satisfy the demands of the new generation of aerospace vehicles.

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are widely used in the field of biomedicine. However, the synthesis of AgNPs by traditional physical and chemical methods has problems such as pollution, product toxicity, and time-consuming. Therefore, it is extremely important to explore the preparation of AgNPs. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) of sweet corncob polysaccharide (SCP-AgNPs) were successfully synthesized by green method using sweet corncob polysaccharide (SCP) as raw material and the reaction conditions were optimized. The generated AgNPs were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and their antioxidant and anti-diabetic abilities in vitro were investigated. The results showed that the optimum reaction conditions of SCP-AgNPs were as follows: The concentration of silver nitrate in the solution was 0.75×10−3 mol/L, the pH was 10.0, and the reaction time was 80 min. The prepared SCP-AgNPs were spherical with an average particle size of 13.5 nm. The structure showed a face-centered cubic crystal structure, and Ag was determined to be Ag0 state. The synthesized SCP-AgNPs had strong free radical scavenging effect in vitro. At the same time, SCP-AgNPs had a good inhibitory effect on the activity of α-glucosidase and α-amylase. SCP-AgNPs has a significant inhibitory effect on key enzymes of diabetes and has potential anti-diabetic activity. It is a nano-drug suitable for nano-biomedical applications and will be widely used in food processing, medicine and other fields in the future.

In order to utilize Radix isatidis residue in high value, the solid fermentation process from Radix isatidis residue to produce polysaccharide feed additive was optimized, and its antioxidant capacity was studied. The results showed that the high-yielding cellulase strain Bacillus subtilis YBS-18 was isolated from 28 strains. The production process of polysaccharide from solid fermentation of Bacillus subtilis YBS-18 isatis root residue was optimized by single factor test and response surface. The optimal process was determined as follows: The liquid-solid ratio was 1.2 mL/g, the loading rate was 0.3 g/mL, the glucose concentration was 8%, the ammonium sulfate concentration was 4.5%, the inoculation rate was 4.5%, and the fermentation temperature was 38 °C. Under the optimum fermentation conditions, the polysaccharide content reached 28.17 mg/g. The polysaccharide showed good scavenging ability for DPPH free radicals, hydroxyl free radicals and superoxide anion free radicals, and the scavenging rate increased with the increase of polysaccharide concentration. The results show that the process improved the nutritional value of Radix isatidis residue and provided a theoretical basis for the development and application of feed additives of Radix isatidis residue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Science & Technology of Food Industry is the property of Science & Technology of Food Industry Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The experiment aimed to optimize the extraction process of Euonymus fortunei (Turcz.) Hand.-Mazz. flavonoids and study their anti-fatigue and antioxidant effects. The experiment took the extraction rate of Euonymus fortunei (Turcz.) Hand.-Mazz. flavonoids as the index and conducted single-factor experiments on factors such as liquid-material ratio, ethanol concentration, extraction time, and ultrasonic power. Based on this, a response surface optimization design was carried out to investigate the anti-fatigue effect of Euonymus fortunei (Turcz.) Hand.-Mazz. Fifty mice were randomly divided into a blank control group, a positive control group (Euonymus fortunei (Turcz.) Hand.-Mazz. compound mixture), a fatigue model group, and low and high dose groups of Euonymus fortunei (Turcz.) Hand.-Mazz. flavonoid extract (200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg), with 10 mice in each group, for the anti-fatigue experiment in mice. The results showed that the optimal extraction conditions for Euonymus fortunei (Turcz.) Hand.-Mazz. flavonoids had a liquid-material ratio of 55 mL/g, an ethanol concentration of 60%, an extraction time of 73 min, and an ultrasonic power of 175 W, under which the flavonoid yield was 5.94%, which was basically consistent with the predicted value. Euonymus fortunei (Turcz.) Hand.-Mazz. flavonoids could effectively extend the swimming time of mice carrying weights, reduce the concentrations of lactic acid (LD) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) in serum, increase the levels of liver glycogen and muscle glycogen in mice, enhance the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and reduce the content of malondialdehyde (MDA). The study shows that Euonymus fortunei (Turcz.) Hand.-Mazz. flavonoids have good anti-fatigue and antioxidant effects and can be used as a feed additive to alleviate animal fatigue and oxidative stress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study was to optimize the extraction process of polysaccharides from Shang Platycodon and to analyze its hygroscopic, moisturizing and antioxidant properties. Orthogonal experiments were used to optimize the extraction process of polysaccharides from Shang Platycodon by ultrasonic-assisted water extraction and alcohol precipitation. The polysaccharides extracted under the optimal extraction process were refined and used for the determination and analysis of hygroscopic moisturizing and antioxidant properties. The results showed that the extraction rate of polysaccharides was 9.75% when the liquid-material ratio was 20 mL/g, the ultrasonic extraction temperature was 50 ℃, and the ultrasonic extraction time was 20 min, which was the best extraction process for polysaccharides from Shang Platycodon. In the case of RH 60% and RH 81%, the order of moisture absorption rate was glycerol > sodium alginate > glycerol polysaccharides; and in dry envi⁃ronment, the moisture retention rate was sodium alginate > polysaccharides of bellflower > glycerol. Polysaccharides from Shang Platycodon can scavenge hydroxyl radicals and DPPH free radicals, and the concentration of polysaccharides is positively correlated with scavenging ability. Among them, when the concentrations of polysaccharides were 2.0 mg/mL and 10.0 mg/mL, respectively, half of the hydroxyl radicals and DPPH radicals could be inhibited. Studies have shown that the polysaccharide from Shang Platycodon is not enough hygroscopic, but it has good moisturizing property and has certain antioxidant properties, which can be developed as a natural animal feed additive. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of China Condiment is the property of China Condiment and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Taurine (2-aminoethanesulfonic acid) is a sulfur-containing non-protein amino acid that is widely present in the body in a free state. Taurine is a nutritional additive that maintains the normal physiological functions of fish and plays an important role in the growth and development, metabolism, osmoregulation, digestive physiology, immune enhancement, and antioxidant properties of aquatic animals. The addition of taurine can improve the negative effects of low-fishmeal feed on the production performance, health, and quality of aquatic products. The article introduces the characteristics of taurine and its synthesis and metabolic pathways, reviews the recommended dosage of taurine in lowfishmeal feed, and summarizes the impact of taurine addition in low-fishmeal feed on the growth and health of aquatic animals, providing a reference for the rational use of taurine in low-fishmeal feed for aquatic animals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Baphicacanthus cusia (Nees) Bremek is a traditional Chinese herb, it has become widely used in medicine, food, printing and dyeing in China. It contains a variety of bioactive ingredients (such as indoles, quinazolones, benzoxazinones, triterpenoids, lignans, etc.), and has anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antibacterial and other biological functions. Applied research on animals has found that Baphicacanthus cusia (Nees) Bremek can improve animal production performance. This review summarizes the biological functions of the active ingredients in Baphicacanthus cusia (Nees) Bremek and their initial application in animals were reviewed, so as to provide reference for further research on rational development of Baphi⁃ cacanthus cusia (Nees) Bremek in animal production [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents a comprehensive innovative chemical experiment at the university level. It focuses on the extraction of tea polyphenols from Pu'er tea and their application in hand cream making. The experiment covers the processes of extraction, identification, antioxidation property evaluation, and hand cream formulation. By involving the extraction, identification, and performance evaluation of natural products, as well as their practical application, this experiment caters to the needs of undergraduate students majoring in chemistry. It aims to enhance their practical skills, foster innovation, and ignite their passion for exploration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of China Condiment is the property of China Condiment and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Chinese Institute of Food Science & Technology / Zhongguo Shipin Xuebao is the property of Journal of Chinese Institute of Food Science & Technology Periodical Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Materials Engineering / Cailiao Gongcheng is the property of Journal of Materials Engineering Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

SOD is one of the most important endogenous antioxidant enzymes in organisms, which plays an important role in protecting normal cells from oxidative damage caused by excessive ROS, and has the functional characteristics of strong specificity and high antioxidant efficiency. In recent years, with the continuous improvement of the production methods of SOD and the expansion of production scale, the research on its exogenous addition in biomedicine, food science and other fields has become more extensive, and it has gradually developed into a new type of feed additive, widely used in animal production. The appropriate addition of SOD in feed for poultry and livestock can effectively resist the oxidative stress of the body. SOD has the potential to replace antibiotics in animal production. The article reviews the classification, functional characteristics of SOD, and its current application in animal production, to provide reference for the extensive application of SOD in the livestock industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Honeysuckle extract is a widely used natural product that contains pharmacologically active components such as flavonoids, phenolic acids, and organic acids. It has shown great potential in animal production and disease prevention and treatment. Honeysuckle extract contains a variety of bioactive components that possess anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antiviral, antioxidant, and immunomodulatory effects. Honeysuckle extract, as a feed additive, can improve the production performance of animals and enhance their immune function. In addition, honeysuckle extract has an inhibitory effect on a variety of animal pathogens, which helps to reduce the use of antibiotics and strengthen the health of animals. The article reviews the biological functions of honeysuckle extract and its application research in animal production and disease prevention and control, which provided the basis for the application of honeysuckle extract in animal breeding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Phytosterols are 3-hydroxyl compounds with cyclopentadienanthrene as the backbone, which mainly exist in plant cell membranes in three forms: Free, esterified and glycoside. Phytosterols are precursors to the synthesis of steroid, vitamin D and many kinds of hormones. They are widely found in plant oils, vegetables, fruits, nuts, legumes and tubers. Phytosterols mainly include β -sitosterol, stigmosterol, canola sterol and so on, which are active substances with cholesterol structure. Phytosterols have many biological functions, such as regulating immunity, lowering cholesterol, antiinflammatory, antioxidant, promoting growth, preventing cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. With the deepening of research on phytosterols, they have been widely used in animal breeding and production in recent years. Phytosterols can improve the antioxidant capacity and immunity of animal body, improve lipid metabolism, improve production performance, improve the quality of animal products, and increase the economic benefit of breeding. In order to better apply phytosterols in animal production, the physicochemical properties, active functions and the research progress of phytosterols in animal culture were reviewed in this paper, and some references were provided for their further promotion and application in animal production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The experiment aimed to study the effects of Patchouli essential oil (PEO) on the growth performance, immune function, and antioxidant capacity of White-feathered broiler chicks. A total of 540 healthy one-day-old male Arbor Acres broilers with similar body weights were randomly divided into three groups, with six replicates per group and 30 chicks per replicate. Group A was fed a basal diet, Group B was fed a basal diet + 200 mg/kg PEO, and Group C was fed a basal diet + 400 mg/kg PEO. The experimental period was 21 days. The results showed that compared to Group A, the average daily weight gain, average daily feed intake, final weight, and serum high-density lipoprotein levels in broilers of Group B and Group C were significantly increased (P<0.05), while the feed conversion ratio and serum activities of glutamic-pyruvic transaminase and glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase were significantly reduced (P<0.05), and the serum low-density lipoprotein levels were significantly decreased (P<0.05). Compared to Group A, the levels of complement C3, C4, and the interleukin-10 in the serum of broilers in Group B and Group C were significantly increased (P<0.05), while the content of interleukin-6 was significantly reduced (P<0.05). Compared to Group A, the activities of superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, catalase, and total antioxidant capacity in the serum of broilers in Group B and Group C were significantly enhanced (P<0.05), and the indices of the spleen index, thymus index, and bursa of Fabricius index were significantly increased (P<0.05), while the content of malondialdehyde in the serum was significantly decreased (P<0.05). The study indicates that the addition of 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg PEO to the feed can effectively improve the growth performance, immune function, and antioxidant capacity of White feathered broiler chicks aged 1 to 21 days. The effect of 400 mg/kg PEO is better. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of China Surfactant Detergent & Cosmetics (2097-2806) is the property of China Surfactant Detergent & Cosmetics Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Food Safety & Quality is the property of Journal of Food Safety & Quality Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of China Condiment is the property of China Condiment and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Roselle was used as a raw material for extracting anthocyanins. The anthocyanins were purified using Amberlite XAD-7 macroporous resin. Purified roselle anthocyanins (PRA) were identified using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. The antioxidant activity of PRA in vitro and in HepG2 cells was evaluated. The results showed that the anthocyanin content in PRA increased by 6.35-fold, reaching 175.27 mg/g. PRA contained five anthocyanins, of which delphinidin-3-sambubioside was the most abundant, accounting for 57.35% (m/m) of the total anthocyanins. PRA exhibited high antioxidant activity in vitro. The DPPH scavenging rate reached 90% when the PRA concentration was 0.23 mg/mL, and the hydroxyl radical scavenging rate was 97.85% at a PAR concentration of 2.0 mg/mL. Additionally, PRA showed high intracellular antioxidant activity in HepG2 cells. Treatment with 200 µg/mL PRA significantly reduced the H2O2-induced HepG2 intracellular reactive oxygen species level and nitric oxide content from 117.47% (taking the 2',7'-dichlorofluorescein fluorescence intensity of the control group as 100%) and 53.18 nmol/mL to 102.09% and 45.79 nmol/mL, respectively. PRA treatment significantly increased the superoxide dismutase and catalase activities from 18.19 and 10.10 U/mg prot to 35.05 and 19.38 U/mg prot, respectively. The main component of PRA anthocyanins was delphinidin-3-sambubioside, which exhibited strong antioxidant activity in vitro and anti-oxidative stress response effects in vivo. These results provide a theoretical basis for the high-value development and the potential health benefits of roselle anthocyanins. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are widely used in the field of biomedicine. However, the synthesis of AgNPs by traditional physical and chemical methods has problems such as pollution, product toxicity, and time-consuming. Therefore, it is extremely important to explore the preparation of AgNPs. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) of sweet corncob poly- saccharide (SCP-AgNPs) were successfully synthesized by green method using sweet corncob polysaccharide (SCP) as raw material and the reaction conditions were optimized. The generated AgNPs were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and their antioxidant and anti-diabetic abilities in vitro were investigated. The results showed that the optimum reaction conditions of SCP-AgNPs were as follows: The concentration of silver nitrate in the solution was 0.75x10-3 mol/L, the pH was 10.0, and the reaction time was 80 min. The prepared SCP-AgNPs were spherical with an average particle size of 13.5 nm. The structure showed a face-centered cubic crystal structure, and Ag was determined to be Ag0 state. The synthesized SCP-AgNPs had strong free radical scavenging effect in vitro. At the same time, SCP-AgNPs had a good inhibitory effect on the activity of α-glucosidase and α-amylase. SCP-AgNPs has a significant inhibitory effect on key enzymes of diabetes and has potential anti-diabetic activity. It is a nano-drug suitable for nano-biomedical applications and will be widely used in food processing, medicine and other fields in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

旨在为大豆甾醇酯（SSEs）的合理高效利用提供理论依据，以大豆甾醇（SS）和脂肪酸为原料，采用酶法制备了大豆甾醇油酸酯（SSO）、大豆甾醇亚油酸酯（SSL）和大豆甾醇共轭亚油酸酯（SSC），采用化学法制备了大豆甾醇棕榈酸酯（SSP）和大豆甾醇硬脂酸酯（SSS），分析了5种SSEs的脂溶性、熔融结晶特性及热稳定性，并探究了不同添加量SSEs对鱼油氧化稳定性的影响。结果表明：SSO、SSL和SSC的脂溶性远高于SS，而SSP和SSS的脂溶性相较于SS并无明显改善；差示扫描量热与热重分析表明SS与不饱和脂肪酸的酯化反应比饱和脂肪酸能更有效地降低SS的熔点和结晶点，其热稳定性顺序为大豆甾醇饱和脂肪酸酯>大豆甾醇不饱和脂肪酸酯>SS。SSEs添加量为0.1%和1%时，5种SSEs对鱼油均具有较好的抗氧化性。综上，不饱和大豆甾醇酯相较于SS具有良好的脂溶性，在油脂的抗氧化方面具有良好的应用前景。Aiming to provide a theoretical basis for the rational and efficient use of soybean sterol esters (SSEs), soybean sterol oleate (SSO), soybean sterol linoleate (SSL) and soybean sterol conjugated linoleate (SSC) were prepared by enzymatic method, and soybean sterol palmitate (SSP) and soybean sterol stearate (SSS) were prepared by chemical method, using soybean sterol (SS) and fatty acids as raw materials. The lipid solubility, melting and crystallization properties and thermal stability of the five SSEs were analyzed and the effects of SSEs on the oxidation stability of fish oil were investigated. The results showed that the solubility of SSO, SSL and SSC in soybean oil was much higher than that of SS, while the solubility of SSP and SSS in soybean oil was not significantly improved compared with that of SS. Differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis showed that the esterification reaction between SS and unsaturated fatty acids was more effective than that between SS and saturated fatty acids in lowering the melting point and crystallization point of SS, and the order of their thermal stabilities were saturated fatty acid esters of soybean sterol > unsaturated fatty acid esters of soybean sterol > SS. The five SSEs showed good antioxidant properties in fish oil when the SSEs were added at 0.1% and 1%. In conclusion, unsaturated fatty acid esters of soybean sterol have good lipid solubility compared with SS, and have good application prospects in antioxidant of oils.

In order to improve the economic value of Panax quinquefolius L., this study used Panax quinquefolius L. as raw material to solid state ferment Panax quinquefolius L. by Schizophyllum commune, increased the content of active components in Panax quinquefolius L., and optimized the fermentation technology. In this study, the total ginsenoside content of Panax quinquefolius L. was used as the indicator. First, strain 2 was selected from three strains of Streptomyces as the solid state fermentation strain for Panax quinquefolius L.. Then single factor experiment was conducted on four factors affecting total ginsenoside content. The four factors included: fermentation temperature, inoculation amount of Schizophyllum commune, pH value and fermentation time. On the basis of these results, the technology of solid state fermentation of Panax quinquefolius L. by Schizophyllum commune was further optimized by response surface Box Behnken experimental design. The optimized process conditions were determined as follows: inoculation amount of Schizophyllum commune 10.90%, fermentation temperature 31 ℃, fermentation time 10 d, pH value 5.9. Under the above conditions, the total ginsenoside content of Panax quinquefolius L. fermented by Schizophyllum commune was 10.28%, the content of crude polysaccharide was 12.85%, and the content of total flavonoids was 0.67%, which were higher than that of unfermented Panax quinquefolius L., and the contents of macromolecules ginsenoside Rb1, Rg2 and Re decreased, while the contents of micromolecules ginsenoside Rg1, Rc, Rb2, Rd, Rg3, s-Rh2, r-Rh2 and pseudo-ginsenoside CK increased. Among them, rare ginsenoside Rg3, s-Rh2, r-Rh2, and pseudo-ginsenoside CK were new saponins. In vitro antioxidant tests showed that the IC50 values of DPPH and ABTS+ free radicals scavenging ability of the fermented products of Panax quinquefolius L. by Schizophyllum commune were 3165 and 10910 μg/mL, respectively, which were stronger than those of unfermented Panax quinquefolius L.. This study proved that the solid state fermentation of Panax quinquefolius L. by Schizophyllum commune increased the contents of total ginsenoside, crude polysaccharide, total flavone and rare ginsenoside, and enhanced the antioxidant capacity, which provided data support for the development and utilization of Panax quinquefolius L..

This study aimed to evaluate the neuroprotective and antioxidant effects of Auxis thazard peptides (ATP) and to study the neuroprotective effect of ATP in the HT-22 cell injury model induced by corticosterone and glutamic acid. The protective effects of ATP on HT-22 injured cells were investigated based on cell morphology, cell viability, cell function, and biochemical indicators. Results showed that the cell viability of HT-22 cells induced by 0.9 mmol/L corticosterone and 15.0 mmol/L glutamic acid for 24 h was about 50% . Under these conditions, 10 μg/ mL, 20 μg/ mL, and 40 μg/ mL ATP could significantly inhibit the decline in HT-22 cell viability induced by corticosterone and glutamic acid, increase the concentrations of serotonin, acetylcholinesterase and choline, reduce acetylcholine activity, inhibit cell damage induced by corticosterone, and inhibit oxidative stress induced by glutamic acid. The activities of superoxide dismutase, glutathione enzyme, and glutathione peroxidase were increased, and the production of oxidation products malondialdehyde and reactive oxygen species was decreased. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ultrasonic assisted extraction method was used to extract polysaccharide from Zingiber officinale Roscoe. First, single factor and orthogonal test were used to optimize the extraction process of Zingiber officinale Roscoe polysaccharide. The experimental results showed that the optimal extraction process of Zingiber officinale Roscoe polysaccharide was as follows: liquid to material ratio 1 ∶ 20, homogenization time 5 min, homogenization temperature 70 ℃, ultrasonic time 80 min and ultrasonic temperature 80 ℃ . Under the condition of ultrasonic power of 100 W, the yield of polysaccharide was 12. 56%. Then, the antioxidant activity of the extracted Zingiber officinale Roscoe polysaccharide was determined. The experimental results showed that the hydroxyl radical scavenging ability of Zingiber officinale Roscoe polysaccharide reached 90. 96% at 5 mg / mL, and the reducing power was the strongest. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To study the effects of dietary lutein and lutein derivatives on the skin color, tissue pigment content, and antioxidant capacity of yellow-feathered broilers, four hundred and thirty-two 37-day-old Sanhuang broilers were randomly divided into four groups with six replicates in each group and 18 chickens in each replicate. The control group was fed with wheat-soybean meal basal diet, and each experimental group was fed with lutein 40 mg/kg (lutein group), lutein 24 mg/kg and lutein derivative 16 mg/kg (lutein + lutein derivative group), lutein derivative 40 mg/kg (lutein derivative group). The trial period was 28 days. The results showed that the yellowness values of beak, shin, and underwing skin of broilers in each experimental group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P<0.05). The total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) in the serum of broilers in each experimental group was significantly increased (P<0.05), and the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) in the liver was increased (P>0.05). Serum cholesterol (TC) content of broilers in each experimental group increased significantly (P<0.05). The expression of GPR143 gene in subwing skin of broilers decreased significantly (P<0.05). The results show that lutein and lutein derivatives can improve the chromaticity of broiler skin and the antioxidant capacity of broiler body, and have no adverse effect on broiler liver. The partial replacement of lutein derivatives (16 mg/kg) cannot affect the coloring effect and antioxidant effect of lutein. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Plant polysaccharides are natural polymers extracted from various parts of plants, which are composed of ten or more monosaccharide units connected with glycosidic bonds. In recent years, their applications in skin care have attracted more and more attention due to the rich biological activity, low cytotoxicity, safety, and being skin-friendly. The biological activities of polysaccharides closely correlate with their structure, and different techniques of extraction and purification could have influence on the structure of polysaccharides. Therefore, in this review, the relevant studies on plant polysaccharides in recent years have been summarized, including the extraction, isolation and purification processes of plant polysaccharides, and the applications in skin care such as moisturizing and hydrating, skin whitening and antioxidative, anti-inflammatory and antibacterial properties. This review can provide theoretical support for application of plant polysaccharides in the development of cosmetics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to develop the application of fermented extract of Anoectochilus roxburghii (A.roxburghii) in the field of cosmetics and screen suitable lactic acid bacteria and yeast, the water extract of A.roxburghii and the enzymatic hydrolysate of the filter residue after water extraction were fermented respectively. The results show that in the different single and compound fermentation methods using Gb-12, Mls-34 and CC-1 strains, the polyphenol content, antioxidant activity and whitening activity of the water extract of A.roxburghii are the highest after the combined fermentation of Mis-34 and CC-1. After the enzymatic hydrolysate of A.roxburghii is fermented by CC-1, the polyphenol content increases the most, and the DPPH free radical and ABTS free radical scavenging rates increase by 56.30% and 85.58%, respectively, while the hydroxyl radical scavenging rate and total reducing power decrease. After the enzymatic hydrolysate of A.roxburghii is fermented by Mls-34 and CC-1, its whitening activity increases the most. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of China Condiment is the property of China Condiment and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Taiwanese Journal of Agricultural Chemistry & Food Science is the property of Agricultural Chemical Society of Taiwan and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Food & Fermentation Industries is the property of Food & Fermentation Industries and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Seabuckthorn is rich in polysaccharides, flavonoids, tannins, terpenoids, fatty acids, vitamins, and other active components. It has biological functions such as antioxidant, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, liver-protecting, and cholagogic, which can enhance the immunity and antioxidant function of livestock and poultry, improve growth performance, and improve the quality of livestock and poultry products. Adding seabuckthorn residue, seeds, leaves or extracts to diet can promote the production of pigs, sheep, dairy cows and broilers to varying degrees, reduce feed costs and improve the economic benefits of breeding, but the active components and molecular mechanisms of seabuckthorn promoting livestock and poultry production are unclear. In this paper, the active components, biological functions, and application of seabuckthorn in livestock and poultry production were summarized, which provided a reference for the mechanism research, production application and development of seabuckthorn promoting livestock and poultry production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we investigated the effects of encapsulated γ -aminobutyric acid (GABA) on weaning stress, growth performance, antioxidation and neuropeptides in lambs. Forty-eight healthy 45 days Hu lambs with similar body weight [(26.14±1.40) kg] were randomly assigned into four groups: the control group (fed basal diet), treatment Ⅰ group (fed basal diet + 100 mg/d of GABA), treatment Ⅱ group (fed basal diet + 140 mg/d of GABA), and treatment Ⅲ group (fed basal diet + 180 mg/d of GABA). All lambs were weaned at 48 days of age (day 1 of experiment). Feed intake (FI) and body weight (BW) of the lambs were recorded during the test period, and blood was collected on -3, 1, 3, 7 d. The results showed that, ① added GABA could significantly affect the average daily weight gain of lambs (P<0.05), the time significantly affected the BW, ADG and ADFI of lambs (P<0.05), while added GABA was no difference on the growth performance of lambs (P>0.05). ② Added GABA × time had no effect on the growth performance of lambs (P>0.05), and the addition of encapsulated GABA decreased the MDA content and increased the GSH-Px level; time could significantly affect the contents of MDA and GSH-Px in serum (P<0.05) the MDA and GSH-Px contents showed a trend of increasing and then decreasing with the prolongation of time. ③ Added GABA could significantly reduced the contents of cholecystokinin (CCK) and neuropeptide Y (NPY) (P<0.05); time significantly affected serum CCK and NPY content (P<0.05), as time increased, the overall trend of NPY was increasing. ④ Added GABA could decreased norepinephrine (NE) and dopamine (DA) levels and elevated pentazocine levels. Norepinephrine levels generally tended to increase with time. In conclusion, the addition of encapsulated γ-aminobutyric acid to the diets can improve growth performance by increasing the antioxidant capacity and decreasing the excitability of the brain to alleviate weaning stress. The optimal amount of encapsulated γ-aminobutyric acid was 140 mg/d under the present experimental conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of China Surfactant Detergent & Cosmetics (2097-2806) is the property of China Surfactant Detergent & Cosmetics Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)