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Objective: To study clinicopathological features, diagnosis, differential diagnosis of oral Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH), retrospective clinicopathologic study was carried on and a variety of immune phenotype were detected., Methods: The clinicopathological features of 29 cases of oral LCH were analyzed. The immunohistochemical staining of S-100 protein, CD1a, CD83 and Ki-67 were used in above cases by immunohistochemical streptavidin-biotin peroxidase (SP) and Elivison two-step method. Statistical analysis was adopted for the results., Results: Of the 29 cases of LCH, the expression of S-100 protein and CD1a were positive in 24 cases and negative in 5 cases, so 5 cases were excluded from the diagnosis of LCH. Among 24 cases of LCH, 15 patients were male and 9 were female. The median age was 7.50 years. 14 lesions were in the mandible, 5 were in the maxilla and 5 involved the mandible and maxilla. 9 cases were in stage I, 13 in stage II and 2 in stage III, according to Bartnick classification. Immunohistochemistry showed all 24 cases staining for S-100 protein and CD1a were positive. Comparing with maxillofacial lesions involved soft tissue, Ki-67 positive rate was lower and CD83 positive rate was higher in maxillofacial single bone lesion., Conclusion: The immunohistochemical staining of S-100 protein and CD1a are important for the diagnosis of LCH. Maxillofacial bone single LCH might have lower proliferative activity and a higher state of maturity. Maxillofacial LCH involved soft tissue might have a higher proliferative activity and a lower state of maturity.

This paper introduces a method of study on the characteristics of cell surface protein. We used human thymic antigen 1a anti-sense oligonucleotide primer, radiolabeled deoxynucleotide and in situ transcription with cells. The results of in situ transcription and determination of mRNA in CD1a positive cells isolated from the epidermis of the prepuce of normal neonate showed that most of the positive cells contained specific CD1a mRNA, and the specificity and sensitivity of this method were higher and the procedure was relatively simple.