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To evaluate system task availability under the condition of real-time fault feature parameter input, a method of assessing task availability capability based on characteristic parameters was proposed. By introducing the neuro-fuzzy system(NFS), a vulnerability model of the aviation insurance system was established, and fuzzy rules were integrated into the framework of neural networks to establish an assessment model for system task availability capability. This method combined the reasoning ability of fuzzy logic and the infinite approximation function ability of neural networks to create an alternative model of the real system, which was more universal. Moreover, an intelligent optimization algorithm was used to make the alternative model approach to the real model, getting rid of the influence of unknown weight coefficients in the system that relied on experts or experience and endowing the fuzzy neural network(FNN) with learning capabilities. The experimental results and analysis show that the assessment model is comprehensive and reasonable and can be extended to the underwater field to assess the mission capabilities of navigation support systems and naval ship systems.

[Objective] The construction of the human settlement environment holds great significance for the high-quality development of cities in the Yellow River Basin. The human settlements of different types of resource-based cities are heterogeneous. Exploring the change of the human settlement resilience level and obstacle degree of these cities is conducive to providing targeted policies for the construction of human settlements in different types of cities. [Methods] This study developed a comprehensive evaluation indicator system of human settlement resilience of resource-based cities in the Yellow River Basin based on the human-natural-living space-social-support subsystems, and used HP filter analysis, three-dimensional kernel density estimation, hotspot analysis, and the obstacle degree model to examine the spatiotemporal change characteristics of the human settlements from 2007 to 2021. A scientific diagnosis was conducted to identify the obstructive factors that influenced the resilience of human settlements. [Results] (1) From the perspective of temporal evolution characteristics, the human settlement resilience of resource-based cities in the Yellow River Basin showed a fluctuating and increasing trend, and had gone through three stages of low-level stagnation, gradual improvement, and sudden increase with fluctuation. The rising resilience of human settlements in different types of resource-based cities was obvious, among which the resilience of mature-type and regen‐eration-type cities was significantly higher than that of growth-type and decline-type cities. The growth-type, mature-type, and regeneration-type cities all showed an agglomeration of high resilience cities, while the decline-type cities with high resilience level tended to be dispersed. (2) From the perspective of spatial evolution, the resilience level of urban human settlements presents a spatial pattern of “periphery is higher than center, downstream is higher than upstream. The spatial agglomeration changes are relatively stable, forming the characteristics of spatial agglomeration of hot spots in the periphery of the Yellow River Basin. (3) From the criterion level, the variation of obstacle degree of each subsystem was relatively stable, and the total size was as follows: supporting system resilience > natural system resilience > social system resilience > human system resilience > living space resilience. The key impediments at the factor level were water resources per unit area, the amount of R&D expenditure as a percentage of GDP, and the comprehensive pollutant index. The primary obstacles to human settlement resilience in various types of resource-based cities were spatially heterogeneous. [Conclusion] The resilience of human settlements in resource-based cities within the Yellow River Basin was increasing, with significant spatial and regional variations. In the future, it is urgent to optimize the resilience of human settlements from the aspects of water resources, regional innovation, and environmental pollution.

[Objective] Public data access is a crucial measure to unlock the value of digital resources, offering resource-based cities new opportunities to accelerate their transformation. Unveiling its impact on transformation efficiency and the underlying mechanisms provides a scientific basis for promoting the high-quality development of resource-based cities from the perspective of new quality productive forces. [Methods] This study treated the construction of data access platforms by local governments as a quasi-natural experiment, and used panel data from 114 resource-based cities in China from 2006 to 2021. A non-radial directional distance function was employed to measure transformation efficiency, considering the scenario where capital, labor, land, technology, and energy inputs are variable, as well as an alternative scenario where only energy input is variable. A multi-period difference-in-differences model was used to examine the effects and mechanisms of public data access on the transformation of resource-based cities from the perspective of new quality productive forces to ensure the accuracy of the results. [Results] (1) The study found that public data access resulted in an average improvement of 5.1% in the transformation efficiency of resource-based cities with all five inputs variable, and a 5.8% improvement under the alternative scenario, thereby significantly expediting the transformation of these cities. This conclusion remained valid after endogeneity treatment and robustness tests. (2) Mechanism analysis revealed that public data access facilitated the transformation of resource-based cities through three channels: green technology innovation, enhanced synergistic agglomeration of manufacturing and productive services, and the perfection of digital financial services. (3) Heterogeneity analysis indicated that the public data access had a more pronounced effect on the improvement of transformation efficiency in resource-based cities located in the central region, in the regeneration stage, and belonging to the old industrial base. [Conclusion] The key role of data access in introducing data elements into the transformation of resource-based cities should be emphasized. Actively leveraging the important role of data platforms in technological innovation, industrial development, and financial services provision could help resource-based cities develop new quality productive forces and transform towards high-quality development.

The gastrointestinal tract is the largest organ in the human body that communicates with the outside world. It has the functions of digesting food and transporting and absorbing nutrients. The gastrointestinal mucosal barrier secures gastrointestinal function through physical, chemical, biological, and immunologic barriers, and its damage can lead to chronic inflammation or acute and chronic diseases. Polysaccharides are one of the major bioactive substances in edible and medicinal mushroom and can be used as an auxiliary treatment for a variety of gastrointestinal diseases. This article reviews the roles of polysaccharides from edible and medicinal mushroom in regulating gastric health such as eliminating gastric Helicobacter pylori, protecting against gastric mucosal damage and gastric ulcer, and fighting against gastric cancer, summarizes the roles of polysaccharides from edible and medicinal mushroom in maintaining intestinal homeostasis and regulating the intestinal microbiota, alleviating inflammatory bowel disease and inhibiting colon cancer, and analyzes the regulatory mechanisms of polysaccharides from edible and medicinal mushroom on gastrointestinal function. We expect that this review will provide a reference for in-depth research on the promoting effect and mechanism of polysaccharides from edible and medicinal mushroom on gastrointestinal health.

Objective To explore the value of computerized tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) imaging features in differential diagnosis of giant cell tumors with prominent aneurysmal bone cysts (GABCs) in the extremities and primary aneurysmal bone cysts (PABCs). Methods In this study, the CT and MRI imaging features of 20 patients with GABCs in the extremities and 21 patients with PABCs were retrospectively analyzed, and the age and sex of patients were collected. The differences in different indicators between the two groups were compared. The diagnostic sensitivity and specificity for GABCs and PABCs were calculated based on the age, transverse/longitudinal diameter ratio of the mass, subchondral bone involvement, deep edge lobulation of the lesion, and vascular shadow around the mass. Results There were significant differences in the age and transverse/longitudinal diameter ratio of the mass between the two groups (t=-3.956,-2.985,P

BiOCl is a good photocatalyst, but the easy recombination of photo generated electron-hole pairs limits its application in the field of photocatalysis. Cd(OH)2/BiOCl composite materials were prepared by one-step hydrothermal method, and its photocatalytic performance was investigated with Rhodamine B(RhB) as the degradation target. The composite materials were characterized by XRD, FT-IR, SEM, XPS, PL, ESR, UV-Vis DRS and other methods. It was found that the composite materials of Cd(OH)2/BiOCl exhibited a sheet-like spherical flower-like structure, and the introduction of Cd(OH)2 generated new energy levels in the composite material, with enhanced charge separation and transport capabilities, and significantly suppressed the recombination of photo generated electron-hole pairs, which improved the photocatalytic performance of the composite materials. Under 300 W xenon lamp irradiation, the removal rate of RhB by Cd(OH)2/BiOCl composite materials increased by 15.36% compared to pure BiOCl. After 5 cycles of utilization, the removal rate of RhB by the composite materials could still be maintained at 70%. The free radical scavenging experiment showed that the activity order of free radicals was O2·->h+>·OH, with O2·- being the main active substance.

Predicting the thickness distribution of different types of continental lithofacies is a fundamental task for selecting and evaluating continental shale oil-rich zones. Research on oil-bearing conditions, reservoir characteristics, and mobility of different types of lithofacies plays an important role in target area selection and the deployment of horizontal well sections. Based on core observation and logging identification, spectrum analysis of logging data was carried out. Stable astronomical orbital time cycles were introduced to perform spatio-temporal tuning. A high-frequency sequence isochronous lattice for drilling well comparison was established and the planar thickness variation trends of different types of lithofacies in each sequence cycle were quantitatively calculated, providing insights into lithofacies distribution patterns. Research on the 7th member (Chang 7) of Triassic Yan-chang Formation in the Fuxian area of the southern Ordos Basin showed that the natural gamma logging curves contained several sets of astronomical cycle information, among which 6 complete stable 405 kyr long eccentricity astronomical cycles could be identified. Based on the observation of the whole core section of Chang 7 member in well R203 and logging facies characteristics analysis, a reasonable high-frequency isochronous lattice was established for well-to-well comparison. The results showed that mud shale and laminated shale mainly developed in the bottom cyclic strata from Chang 73 to Chang 72 sub-member, and the fine-grained sandstone and siltstone were mostly developed in strata of cycles Ⅳ to Ⅴ from the middle and upper parts of Chang 72 to the bottom of Chang 71. Lateral comparison between wells showed that the mud shale and laminated shale lithofacies in the early cycles were widely distributed. During cycle Ⅰ period, these facies were mainly distributed in the southwest of the study area, and during cycle Ⅱ period, they were distributed in the west and east-northeast, with thicker storage in the central area. The fine-grained sandstone thickness distribution in strata of cycles Ⅳ to Ⅴ was controlled by a northeast-southwest sedimentary system, with a planar distribution from the north-northeast to the south-southwest, further extending to the southwest along wells ZF 27 to ZF 32. Three types of source and reservoir combinations were formed in Chang 7 member. The combination of laminated shale and fine-grained sandstone lithofacies occurred from the middle and upper parts of Chang 73 and Chang 72 sub-members to the lower part of Chang 71 sub-member, primarily distributed in the central-north, north, and northeast parts of the Fuxian area. The shale lithofacies thickness was well developed in Chang 73 sub-member, mainly distributed in the northeast, east, and southwest regions of the Fuxian area.

The physical simulation experiment technology for oil and gas reservoir formation is an important technical means to study the process of oil and gas migration and accumulation. Under laboratory conditions, dynamic, visual, and quantitative research on oil and gas migration and reservoir formation can be achieved. However, traditional two-dimensional physics simulation experimental techniques have shortcomings such as a lack of subtle phenomena, difficulty in measuring oil content, and a single observation surface. To address these issues, and to reveal the characteristics of ultra-deep oil and gas accumulation, a visual 3D physical simulation experiment technology of oil and gas accumulation was developed, and the accumulation process of well S53-2 in Shunbei area of Tarim Basin was successfully simulated. The influencing factors of oil and gas accumulation in ultra-deep fault controlled oil and gas reservoirs have been clarified, revealing that faults and fracture network systems play a dual role in the formation process of fault controlled oil and gas reservoirs, serving as both oil and gas migration channels and important oil and gas storage spaces. It has been proposed that the main fault, fracture network, and the graben fault on one side of the fracture network are advantageous areas for oil and gas accumulation, and a "buoyancy vertical migration, first fault core and then damage zone, first main trunk and then graben, fracture network integrated transportation and storage, and different main and secondary faults" oil and gas accumulation model has been established. The new technology makes the experimental process clearer, the experimental parameters more accurate, and the experimental phenomena more three-dimensional, providing new support for laboratory oil and gas reservoir simulation work.

【Objective】 Optimizing water distribution in canal-irrigation districts is a prerequisite to improve irrigation water use efficiency. This paper proposes an optimization method to distribute water in two-level canal-irrigation systems. 【Method】 The method was based on water supply to irrigation districts; it optimizes volume of water distribution, water distribution flow rate and time for each water use unit. We considered two scenarios. The first one was insufficient irrigation where water supply cannot meet water demand during the growing season of crops, in which the model calculated the allocated water for each water user first using water resource allocation coefficient, and then determined the water distribution using the optimal distribution model. The second was sufficient irrigation where water supply meets water demand; we first ranked the priority of the water distribution to each user, and then determined the volume of optimal water flow and timing. The objective of the optimization in both scenarios was to maximize water flow rate and expedite water distribution. The model was applied to the Bojili Irrigation District. 【Result】 The model can optimally allocate and distribute water across the canal system. When water supply is ample, the model can optimally determine water distribution sequence based on the allocation coefficient. When water is scarce, the model can optimally allocate water to each user based on the distribution coefficient. In both scenarios, water distribution flow rate in the main and branched canals exceed 80% and 75% of the maximum flow limits in the first and second scenarios, respectively. The water distribution period for the first and second scenarios is 10.90 and 17.84 days, respectively. 【Conclusion】 The model we developed is effective and provides an improved water allocation method for water management in irrigation districts.

肺叶楔形切除术后围手术期并发急性缺血性卒中的发生率虽然不高，但严重者可导致终身残疾甚至死亡，影响患者预后，其发病机制目前仍不明确。本文报道了2例肺癌手术后并发急性缺血性卒中经介入取栓治疗的病例，病例1行胸腔镜下左肺上叶楔形切除术后当天，左侧大脑中动脉急性栓塞导致左侧大脑半球大面积梗死，经介入取栓治疗血管再通[脑梗死溶栓分级（TICI 3级）后，患者预后良好（NIHSS评分4分）。病例2行胸腔镜下右下肺楔形切除术后当天，基底动脉闭塞导致小脑大面积梗死，经介入取栓治疗后血管再通良好（TICI 3级），但患者术后脑水肿严重，最终放弃治疗。本文通过总结诊疗经验并回顾相关文献，分析肺叶楔形切除术后并发急性缺血性卒中的可能机制，以供临床参考。 Abstract: The incidence of acute ischemic stroke during the perioperative period after wedge resection of pulmonary lobes is not high, but it may lead to life-long disability and even death in severe cases, thus affecting the prognosis of patients. At present, the pathogenesis is still unclear. This paper reported two cases of interventional thrombectomy in patients with acute ischemic stroke after lung cancer surgery. Patient 1 underwent wedge resection of the upper lobe of the left lung under thoracoscope. On the same day, acute embolism of the left middle cerebral artery caused extensive infarction in the left cerebral hemisphere. After interventional thrombectomy and recanalization (TICI grade 3), the patient had a good prognosis (NIHSS score of 4). Patient 2 underwent the right inferior pulmonary wedge resection under thoracoscope. On the same day, basilar artery occlusion caused extensive cerebellar infarction. After interventional thrombectomy, the blood vessels reopened well (TICI grade 3), but the patient had severe postoperative brain edema and ultimately gave up treatment. This paper summarized the experience, reviewed relevant literature and analyzed the high-risk factors for acute ischemic stroke after wedge resection of pulmonary lobes, to provide a reference for clinical practice.

This paper reviews the basic research means for oilfield development and also the researches and tests of enhanced oil recovery (EOR) methods for mature oilfields and continental shale oil development, analyzes the problems of EOR methods, and proposes the relevant research prospects. The basic research means for oilfield development include in-situ acquisition of formation rock/fluid samples and non-destructive testing. The EOR methods for conventional and shale oil development are classified as improved water flooding (e.g. nano-water flooding), chemical flooding (e.g. low-concentration middle-phase micro-emulsion flooding), gas flooding (e.g. micro/nano bubble flooding), thermal recovery (e.g. air injection thermal-aided miscible flooding), and multi-cluster uniform fracturing/water-free fracturing, which are discussed in this paper for their mechanisms, approaches, and key technique researches and field tests. These methods have been studied with remarkable progress, and some achieved ideal results in field tests. Nonetheless, some problems still exist, such as inadequate research on mechanisms, imperfect matching technologies, and incomplete industrial chains. It is proposed to further strengthen the basic researches and expand the field tests, thereby driving the formation, promotion and application of new technologies.

Rice starch-fatty acid complexes were prepared by compounding rice starch with different chain lengths of lauric acid (C12), myristic acid (C14), and palmitic acid (C16). By measuring the composite index, gelatinization properties, rheological properties, and in vitro digestion properties of the complex, the influence of fatty acid chain length on the properties of rice starch-fatty acid complex was explored. The results showed that compared with rice starch, the solubility, swelling, viscosity value, attenuation value, retrogradation value, viscoelasticity, and digestion properties of rice starch-fatty acid complex were all reduced. Fatty acids with different chain lengths had a significant impact on the properties of the complex (P

Since 2018, Shandong Province has successively issued a series of pollution prevention and control programs for air pollutants from the coking industry, which plays a key role in coke production in China. However, a comprehensive assessment of the effectiveness of these measures is lacking. For a better understanding of this issue, based on the published air pollutant emission inventory for the independent coking industry and related policies formulated in Shandong in 2018, this study developed business-as-usual scenarios (BAU-2018, BAU-2025, and BAU-2035) and emission reduction optimization scenarios (ERO-2025 and ERO-2035). The emission reduction potential of PM10, SO2, NOx, PM2.5, and CO2 and their corresponding contributions to Shandong’s air quality with the air quality model (CALPUFF) were assessed under different scenarios. In terms of scenario settings, the gross domestic product of the secondary industry and the coke output of independent coking enterprises were used for linear regression to predict the coke output in 2025 and 2035. The mesoscale atmospheric data model, Weather Research and Forecasting, provided simulated three-dimensional meteorological field data for this study. Regional terrain data (90 m) were obtained from the United States Geological Survey. The resolution of the land use type data was 30 m, according to our previous research results. We adopted the MESOPUFF II chemical mechanism to simulate SO2, NOx, SO42−, NO3−, HNO3, PM10, and PM2.5 pollutants. To ensure the accuracy of the enterprise location information, we examined the enterprise latitude and longitude information one by one using Google Earth location recognition and manual visual inspection. The results showed that in the BAU-2018 scenario, the annual contribution ratios of SO2, NOx, PM10, and PM2.5 in Shandong Province were 0.06%–0.84%, 0.01%–0.63%, 0.04%–0.19%, and 0.07%–0.21%, respectively. Linyi has the highest contribution of SO2 and NOx concentrations to air quality, whereas Jining has the highest contribution of PM10 and PM2.5 concentrations to air quality. Compared with the current scenario (BAU-2018), the emission and contribution concentration of each pollutant showed an alarming decrease in the ERO-2025 scenario. Under the ERO-2035 scenario, the results showed that SO2, NOx, PM10, PM2.5, and CO2 emissions would be reduced by 60.12%, 78.24%, 75.07%, 74.20%, and 37.47%, respectively, compared with those under the BAU-2018 scenario. In the ERO-2035 scenario, the average contribution concentrations of SO2, NOx, PM10, and PM2.5 decreased by 60.74%, 78.56%, 75.00%, and 74.53%, respectively. Moreover, the results of this study showed that the comprehensive implementation of ultralow emission standards in Shandong Province had a considerable impact on air pollutant reduction in the independent coking industry, and the synergistic reduction of air pollutants and carbon dioxide showed huge potential.

[Objective] In order to actively and steadily promote the dual carbon goals and effectively solve the problem of carbon inequity in various provinces, it is important to build a complete, reasonable, and easy-to-implement provincial carbon compensation mechanism. [Methods] Based on the IPCC inventory method, the inter-regional bilateral carbon transfer calculation model, and the row arrange series (RAS) method, this study incorporated the relationship between carbon sources and carbon sinks within the region (reflecting the differences between natural and production factors) and the carbon transfer of cross-regional trade (reflecting the differences between economic and consumption factors) into a unified carbon compensation framework, introduced the “revenue and expenditure-responsibility and benefit” dual balance perspective, constructed a inter-provincial carbon compensation framework of compensation basis, compensation subject, compensation standard, and compensation method, and explored the pathways of provincial carbon compensation that effectively integrate with the dual carbon goals and their carbon reduction mechanisms. [Results] The results show that: (1) Compared with the previous perspectives (“revenue and expenditure” perspective and “responsibility and benefit” perspective), the provinces that bear more embodied carbon emissions from trade, being carbon sinks, and have less carbon emissions within the region, receive more compensation using the “revenue and expenditure-responsibility and benefit” dual balance perspective. (2) Quota compensation schemes based on comprehensive principles are more suitable for inclusion in the fairness-oriented carbon compensation mechanism than those that prioritize fairness or efficiency separately. (3) During the “historical compensation period” (2012-2021), Guangdong, Zhejiang, Beijing, and Chongqing were the four provinces with the largest compensation amounts, and Inner Mongolia, Hebei, Xinjiang, Heilongjiang, and Shanxi were the five provinces with the largest compensated amounts. (4) During the “future compensation period” (2022-2030), Inner Mongolia, Hebei, and Shanxi with greater carbon emission reduction potential will have carbon quota deficits, and Guangdong, Fujian, Tianjin, and Shanghai with high economic benefits per unit of carbon emissions will have carbon quota surpluses. [Conclusion] The carbon compensation mechanism proposed in this paper based on the dual balance perspective of “revenue and expenditure responsibility benefit” is more fair and operable, and can serve as an important reference for the policy design of China’s provincial carbon compensation mechanism. The comprehensive supporting system of the carbon compensation mechanism can be improved and pilot work can be carried out.

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide, with metastasis being the primary cause of mortality in lung cancer patients, and its prevention and control efficacy remain limited. In recent years, immunotherapy has emerged as a promising direction for overcoming the bottleneck of metastasis. Macrophages, as essential components of innate immunity, participate in the entire process of tumor initiation and progression. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) represent the most abundant immune population in the tumor microenvironment (TME), displaying both anti-tumor M1-like and pro-tumor M2-like phenotypes. The latter promotes tumor invasion and metastasis, angiogenesis, lymphangiogenesis, immune suppression, and reactivation of dormant disseminated tumor cells (DTCs), thereby facilitating tumor metastasis. In recent years, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has shown significant efficacy in inhibiting tumor metastasis and has been extensively validated. It exerts anti-tumor effects by reducing the recruitment of TAMs, inhibiting M2-like polarization, and modulating cytokines and proteins in the TME. This paper reviews the relationship between TAMs and lung cancer metastasis, elucidates the targets and mechanisms of TCM in regulating TAMs to prevent and treat lung cancer metastasis, aiming to provide insights into lung cancer prevention and treatment.

Black garlic is produced through the fermentation of fresh garlic under conditions of high temperature and humidity, wherein various chemical reactions occur, gradually diminishing the pungent odor associated with garlic and imparting the distinctive sweet and sour flavor characteristic of black garlic. This article reviews the changes in chemical components and flavor substances during the processing of black garlic, discusses the key factors that influence the evolution of its aroma profile, and analyzes the flavor characteristics of black garlic.

In order to evaluate the working condition of swivel flange under high temperature and high pressure more accurately, based on the swivel flange in existing pressure level (300~900 lb), the structure and model of the 1 500 lb and 2 500 lb swivel flange were constructed, and the strength and stiffness of the model were checked. Meanwhile, the finite element static mechanical analysis was carried out by using ABAQUS software. The results show that the calculated stress of the swivel flange under each nominal diameter is less than the allowable stress, and the stiffness meets the requirements. The pressure grade and the flange dimension have certain influence on the stress distribution of the swivel flange, and there are two stress concentration areas in the 1 500 lb swivel flange, which are the high neck of the small end of the hub and the contact area between the gaskets and the flange; In addition to the above two stress concentration areas, the 2 500 lb swivel flange also has stress concentration at the edge of the hub's step. The maximum stress always occurs at the high neck of the small end of the hub, and the maximum stress is less than the allowable stress of the material, so the designed high-pound swivel flange meets the usage requirement. The results of the study further enrich the structural design cases of 2 500 lb swivel flange, and provide some reference for the structure design of high-pound swivel flange.

To improve the roughness prediction accuracy of Al2O3-based ceramic insulation coating on bearing surfaces, a method based on the spectral confocal principle was proposed for measuring the surface of grinding wheels and quantifying the characteristic parameters of abrasive particles. The abrasive characteristic parameter K of the grinding wheel surface, the grinding wheel line speed vs, the workpiece feed speed f, the cutting depth ap, and the normal grinding force F were taken as input parameters. A BP neural network prediction model of workpiece surface roughness, which directly reflects the time-varying state of the grinding wheel surface, was established. The prediction performance of the network model was verified using known grinding samples and four groups of unknown samples after grinding wheel wear. The results show that the predicted roughness results of the BP network model with known samples are consistent with the actual roughness results in terms of regularity and numerical values, with network output errors are all less than ± 0.04 μm. The network prediction accuracy for the four unknown samples decreases, but the absolute value of the maximum relative error does not exceed 20.00%. The neural network prediction model, which includes the characteristic parameters of abrasive particles on the grinding wheel surface , can be used to predict the roughness of Al2O3-based ceramic insulation coating on the bearing surface under the time-varying state of abrasive wear on the grinding wheel. It also demonstrates a certain generalization ability for unknown samples.

The immune microenvironment plays a key role in the development and progression of tumors. In recent years, with the rapid advancement of high-throughput sequencing technologies, researchers have gained a deeper understanding of the composition and function of immune cells in the tumor microenvironment. However, traditional bulk sequencing technologies are limited in resolving heterogeneity at the single-cell level, constraining a comprehensive understanding of the complexity of the tumor microenvironment. The advent of single-cell RNA sequencing technology has brought new opportunities to uncover the heterogeneity of the immune microenvironment in lung cancer. Currently, T-cell-centered immunotherapy in clinical settings is prone to side effects affecting prognosis, such as immunogenic drug resistance or immune-related pneumonia, with the key factor being changes in the interactions between immune cells and tumor cells in the tumor microenvironment. Single-cell RNA sequencing technology can reveal the origins and functions of different subgroups within the tumor microenvironment from perspectives such as intercellular interactions and pseudotime analysis, thereby discovering new cell subgroups or novel biomarkers, providing new avenues for uncovering resistance to immunotherapy and monitoring therapeutic efficacy. This review comprehensively discusses the newest research techniques and advancements in single-cell RNA sequencing technology for unveiling the heterogeneity of the tumor microenvironment after lung cancer immunotherapy, offering insights for enhancing the precision and personalization of immunotherapy.

This study was conducted to explore the aging technology of high-grade beef, a total of 12 high-grade fattening Angus longissimus dorsi were selected and aged in dry or wet environment for 3, 5 and 7 d, and the meat basic physicochemical indexes, free amino acids and volatile flavor compounds were compared and analyzed. The results showed that the pH of beef with dry-aging for 3 and 5 days was significantly lower than that with wet-aging, the pH of beef with dry-aging for 7 d was significantly higher than that with wet-aging (P

Objective To analyze their molecular characteristics of microsatellite instability (MSI) by sequencing colorectal cancer patients in Sichuan region. Methods Next generation sequencing (NGS) was used to test 14 239 colon cancer patients from 2017 to 2022 in the Third People's Hospital of Chengdu for single nucleotide variation (SNV), insertion-deletion (InDel), copy number variation (CNV), fusion, MSI, tumor mutational burden (TMB), and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). The clinical and molecular characteristics of highly microsatellite unstable (MSI-H) patients (MSI-H group, n=1 018) and microsatellite stable (MSS) patients (MSS group, n=13 221) were compared. Results The incidence rate of MSI in colorectal cancer was 7.15%, and detection rate of MSI varied in terms of age at diagnosis, tumour location and sample type. TMB was significantly higher in patients with MSI-H than in patients with microsatellite stable (MSS) (92.8 mutations/Mb vs 12.7 mutations/Mb, P＜0.05). EBV positivity in patients with colorectal cancer was 0.43%, but no patient with positive EBV was found in MSI-H. ERBB2, PIK3CA and BRAF all had significantly higher mutation frequencies in the MSI-H group, however, the positive rates of APC (51.26% vs 70.76%, χ2=168.823, P

Objective: Screening of polyvinyl alcohol-fish gelatin-solanum nigrum anthocyanin （PVA/FG-SNA） composite packaging film with optimal structure and properties. Methods: Optimizing the fabrication process of films through orthogonal tests, and using thickness, moisture content, water vapor permeability （WVP）, tensile strength （TS）, elongation at break （EB）, Fourier infrared spectroscopy （FTIR）, X-diffraction （XRD）, scanning electron microscopy （SEM）, and thermogravimetric （TG） analysis to explore the effects of SNAs with different mass fractions on the properties and microstructures of PVA-FG film; In addition, the pH color response and NH3 sensitivity of the PVA/FG-SNA composite film were monitored. Results: When the mass ratio of PVA-to-FG, heating temperature and time were 60∶40, 95 ℃, and 1.5 h, respectively. The water solubility and WVP of the PVA-FG film were （36.03±2.63）%, and 2.91×10-4 g·mm/（m2·h·Pa）, separately. With the increment of SNA dosage, the thickness, moisture content, WVP, and EB of the PVA-FG film also increased. When the mass fraction of SNA was 0.2%, the thickness, moisture content, WVP, TS, and EB of the composite film were （0.07±0.01） mm, （11.09±0.25）%, 5.45×10-4 g·mm/（m2·h·Pa）, （21.12±1.07） MPa, and （373.77±8.59）%, respectively. At the same time the composite film had good compatibility among its components. In addition, the PVA/FG-0.2% SNA film showed good color response under NH3 atmosphere conditions, which could be used as a pH-indicating film. Conclusion: This article optimized the water resistance of the PVA-FG composite base film. The hydrophobic and mechanical properties of the PVA-FG composite base film are negatively correlated with the amount of SNA dosage, and SNA can significantly enhance the pH and NH3 sensitivity of the film.

As one of the most widely used plasticizers, BPA is often used in various types of food packaging. However, the leaching of BPA from food and water and the emission of BPA in the manufacturing process can harm human health. In recent years, carbon-based composites have shown excellent performance in the detection of BPA due to their unique physical and chemical properties. The rapid detection of BPA by electrochemical sensors based on carbon-based composites has become a research hotspot. This article provides an overview of BPA and the application of carbon-based materials modified electrochemical sensors in the detection of BPA, as well as prospects for the development direction of electrochemical detection of BPA.

Objective To conduct a network meta-analysis on the effectiveness of first-line immunotherapy on patients with brain metastases from advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods Two investigators conducted a computerized search of Pubmed, Embase, Cochrane, and other databases to screen the literature, extract the information, and assess the risk of bias of the included studies. The included clinical trials were statistically analyzed using R (4.1.3) software. For the study outcome indicators OS and PFS, the risk ratios (HRs), and the 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were extracted from the included studies and logarithmically transformed into effect analysis statistics. Results Six randomized controlled trials were finally included, including 327 patients with non-excludable NSCLC brain metastases. Network meta-analysis suggested that PD-1 inhibitor + CTLA-4 was more advantageous than the conventional chemotherapy for enhancing patients’ OS (HR: 0.13, 95%CI: 0.03-0.71), followed by PD-L1 inhibitor (HR: 0.17, 95%CI: 0.04-0.74) and PD-1 inhibitor + chemotherapy (HR: 0.36, 95%CI: 0.2-0.63). PD-1 inhibitor + CTLA-4 was also more advantageous (HR: 0.37, 95%CI: 0.15-0.93) than the conventional chemotherapy for boosting patients’ PFS, followed by PD-L1 inhibitor + chemotherapy (HR: 0.44, 95%CI: 0.29-0.66) and PD-1 inhibitor (HR: 0.48, 95%CI: 0.27-0.86). Conclusion Immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy improves the survival of patients with brain metastases from advanced NSCLC. In particular, the combination of PD-1 inhibitor and CTLA-4 inhibitor show excellent survival benefit.

The dynamic parameters of the dangerous rock mass can represent the damage to the structural plane between the dangerous rock mass and the bedrock. For a dangerous rock mass in the field, measuring the first-order natural frequency by artificially stimulating the dangerous rock mass is difficult. Therefore, how to measure the dynamic parameters of dangerous rock mass based on constant micromotion remains an urgent issue. In this paper, the vibration of a dangerous rock mass undergoing excitation from constant micromotion is categorized as forced undamped structural vibration with a single degree of freedom. The ratio of the amplitude of the spectrum of the dangerous rock mass to the amplitude of the spectrum of the bedrock refers to the relative amplitude spectrum. The first-order natural frequency of the dangerous rock mass is determined at the frequency associated with the maximum peak point of the relative amplitude K > 1. The possibility of calculating the first-order intrinsic frequency of dangerous rock bodies under constant micromotion conditions was confirmed by modeling experiments using macroscopic crack-controlled dangerous rock mass (cantilever and shear fractured dangerous rock mass) and microscopic crack-controlled dangerous rock mass (sliding dangerous rock mass) as the study objects. The possibility of determining the first-order natural frequency of dangerous rock mass under underdamped conditions was experimentally confirmed. The damage and weakening of the structural plane of the cantilever dangerous rock mass and shear fractured dangerous rock mass were simulated by cutting the trailing edge cracks. Analysis of the experimental data revealed that the first-order natural frequency has a significant downward trend with an increasing degree of damage. Conversely, those of the structural plane of the sliding dangerous rock mass were simulated by hydrosol melting, demonstrating that with increasing degrees of damage, the first-order natural frequency did not change significantly, but the center frequency changed significantly. The experimental results show that the structural plane damage of the macroscopic crack-controlled dangerous rock mass can be recognized by the first-order natural frequency. The structural plane damage of the dangerous rock mass controlled by microscopic cracks can be identified by the center frequency change in the high-frequency range of the dangerous rock mass. Therefore, it will be more effective to determine the structural surface damage of dangerous rock mass by combining first-order natural and center frequencies in the high-frequency range.

[Objective] To investigate the effects of biological crustal cover and freeze-thaw on soil structure. [Methods] The effects of different freeze-thaw times, initial soil water content before freeze-thaw and biological crusting (algae crust) cover on soil structure characteristics was employed to analyze the indoor simulated freeze-thaw method. [Results] (1) The soil structure index (IGSS) obtained by orthogonal experiment was between 75.57～96.57, the signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) was between 37.55～39.70 dB, and the optimal factor combination ascertained by the Taguchi method was 15 freeze-thaw cycles, 15% initial water content, and 80% algal crust coverage, and the predicted results were IGSS=98.09, S/N=39.89 dB. (2)A positive correlation was observed between IGSSIGSS was positively correlated with freeze-thaw times, initial water content and algal crusting coverage, and the primary influences on the soil structure index were ranked as initial water content > freeze-thaw times > algal crusting coverage. The contribution rates of each factor to alterations in the soil structure index were initial water content (52.17%) > freeze-thaw frequency (31.95%) > algae crusting coverage (2.12%). (3) The change of soil structure index comes from the loss of soil water and pore expansion during the freeze-thaw process, and algae crusting can slow down the loss of water during the freeze-thaw process, thereby decelerating the IGSS alteration. [Conclusion] Orthogonal experiments in this research explored the effect of algae crusting cover on soil structure under freeze-thaw conditions, and the results could provide a theoretical reference for the study of soil freeze-thaw process under complex conditions.

Objective: The objective of this study is to investigate the heavy metal content in sediment and various organs of Hunan lotus seed in a planting area, as well as to explore the characteristics of heavy metal accumulation and transfer in Hunan lotus seed. Methods: A typical planting area in Hunan Province was selected for this research. The contents of Cd, Cr, Pb, Ni, Cu, Zn and Mn were measured using an inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometer. The bioconcentration factor （BCF） and transfer factor （TF） were used to evaluate the heavy metal accumulation and transfer ability of Hunan lotus seed. Results: The average content of Cd, Cr, Pb, Ni, Cu, Zn, and Mn in the sediment were 0.73, 176.28, 40.48, 27.61, 28.07, 95.57 and 311.68 mg/kg, respectively. Compared with the limit values of NY/T 391—2021, the exceeding rates of Cd, Cr, and Pb content are 100%, 75%, and 10%, respectively. The highest concentrations and contents of these 7 heavy metals were Cd, Cu and Zn in the lotus core, Cr and Pb in the root, Ni in the lotus-seed kernel and Mn in the leaves, with an average content of 0.20, 13.64, 78.58, 14.66, 2.23, 1.11 and 924.03 mg/kg, respectively. The BCFMn values for both stems and leaves exceeded 1. The TFCu values for all organs were greater than 1. Conclusion: This study reveals that there is serious pollution from Cd within the study area. The content of heavy metals in different organs of Hunan lotus seed is different. Lotus stems and leaves has strong enrichment of Mn, and Cu had strong transfer ability in Hunan lotus seed.

Abstract [Objective] Tartaric acid not only affects the taste of grape berries but also determines the color, texture, microbial stability, and aging potential of the wine. It is of great value to explore the transcription factors and mechanisms that regulate tartaric acid biosynthesis, regulate the accumulation of tartaric acid in grapes through biotechnology or to cultivate wine grape varieties with high tartaric acid accumulation. [Methods] In this study, using ‘Traminer’ and ‘Marselan’ wine grapes as experimental materials, we cloned the tartaric acid related transcription factor VvbHLH79 by PCR. We performed bioinformatic and subcellular localization analyses of VvbHLH79. Furthermore, we measured the tartaric acid content and VvbHLH79 expression levels in grape berries at different developmental stages using HPLC and qRTPCR techniques. We also constructed a plant expression vector and the expression and tartaric acid content of VvbHLH79 were detected after transient transformation of young grape berries using Agrobacteriummediated fruiting pedicle infection, in order to clarify the role of the VvbHLH79 gene in regulating the content of tartaric acid in grape berries. [Results] (1) A grapevine VvbHLH79 gene was obtained by RNA-seq, with a CDS of 831 bp, amino acids of 277, molecular weight of 66.22 kD, and isoelectric point of 5.15. It belonged to the class of unstable hydrophilic proteins without signal peptides and transmembrane structures. Positions 147-232 of amino acid sequence contained the bHLH-SF conserved domain, which belonged to the bHLH transcription factor family. The protein was localized in the cell nucleus. (2) The grapevine VvbHLH79-encoded protein had the highest sequence similarity with the bHLH89-encoded protein in riverbank grape (accession number: XP_034699340.1), with a sequence identity of 99.64%. (3) There was a gradual decrease of VvbHLH79 expression during the development of ‘Traminer’ grape fruits, decreasing 67.25% from veraison to harvest. The accumulation of tartaric acids occurred mainly before color change of the grapes, with a rapid decrease after color change. (4) Transient expression of VvbHLH79 in low tartaric acid grapes resulted in a increase in tartaric acids, whereas silencing of VvbHLH79 in high tartaric acid grapes resulted in a decrease in tartaric acids, confirming that the VvbHLH79 gene positively regulated tartaric acid content. [Conclusion] The VvbHLH79 transcription factor may play a role in the tartaric acid biosynthesis in grape berries.

ObjectiveTo examine the impact of extreme temperatures on daily number of medical emergency calls from pregnant women in Shenzhen, Guangdong province for providing evidence-based recommendations to the women to mitigate the health effects associated with adverse weather conditions. MethodsThe study collected the data on daily medical ambulance dispatches for pregnant women from 2013 through 2022 from Shenzhen Emergency Command Center and corresponding meteorological data for the same period in Shenzhen city were also collected. A distributed lag nonlinear model was employed to analyze both the single-day and cumulative effects of extreme temperature on daily number of medical emergency services to pregnant women. ResultsThe total number of medical emergency ambulance dispatches for pregnant women was 61 270 during 2013 – 2022 in the city and the annual figures ranged from 4 968 to 10 097, demonstrating a significant increasing trend over the years (rs = 0.794, P = 0.006). A nonlinear correlation was observed between the daily mean temperature and the number of medical emergency calls from pregnant women. Both high and low daily mean temperatures exhibited an approximate 'U' shaped effect, leading to an increase in the quantity of the emergency calls. The results of the lag nonlinear model analysis revealed statistically significant single-day lag effects of extreme low temperatures at lag day 3 – lag day 7 (all P < 0.05), with the strongest effect observed at lag day 4 (relative risk [RR] = 1.015, 95% confidence interval [95%CI]: 1.004 – 1.024). The single-day lag effect of extreme high temperatures was only statistically significant at lag day 6 (RR = 1.017, 95%CI: 1.000 – 1.034). The cumulative lag effects of extreme low and high temperatures exhibited an increasing trend with the number of lag days, reaching its peak for extreme low temperatures at lag day 0 – 13 (RR = 1.071, 95%CI: 1.002 – 1.145), followed by a subsequent decreasing trend without statistical significance observed thereafter. Similarly, the strongest cumulative lag effect for extreme high temperatures occurred at lag day 0 – 11 (RR = 1.192, 95%CI: 1.033 – 1.377), followed by a gradual decrease without statistical significance up to lag day 0 – 14. ConclusionThe number of medical emergency calls from pregnant women in Shenzhen city has been steadily increasing year by year from 2013 to 2022. Both extremely high and low temperatures have a significant impact on the daily volume of emergency calls, with the cumulative lag effect of extreme high temperatures being more pronounced.

ObjectiveTo investigate the noise level and influencing factors in metro platforms and station halls， thereby providing the scientific basis for the establishment of hygienic standards.MethodsDuring the morning peak（7：00‒9：30）and off-peak （9：30‒17：00） on weekdays， the noise levels were measured with noise meters at 39 monitoring points of 13 station platforms and 31 monitoring points of 6 station halls. The monitoring points arrangement and detection methods referred to the Examination methods for public places—Part 1： physical parameters（GB/T 18204.1‒2013）.ResultsThe measured noise level in the station ranged from 69.25 to 86.17 dB（A）， accounting for 44.74% below 75 dB（A）， 89.47% below 80 dB（A） and 97.37% below 85 dB（A）.The noise level of the platform ［（76.38±4.19） dB（A）］ was higher than that of the station hall ［（74.24±4.50） dB（A）］（P0.05）.ConclusionThe noise level in metro stations in the city does not fully meet the requirements of current relevant standards. It is suggested to take noise reduction measures to reduce the noise of metro stations.

ObjectiveTo investigate the acute effects of compound air pollution on children’s respiratory function.MethodsUsing panel group study design， 223 students in five classes of grade 4 from two primary schools （a， b） in Xuhui and Hongkou districts of Shanghai were randomly selected to measure pulmonary function and exhaled nitric oxide （FeNO）. The first three tests were carried out from May to June in 2020， and the fourth test was carried out from September to December in 2021. At the same time， the daily and hourly mean values of PM2.5， PM10， SO2， NO2， O3 and CO was collected from the nearby air quality monitoring points of the two schools during the same period ， as well as meteorological monitoring data （temperature， humidity， wind speed and atmospheric pressure）. The linear mixed effect model was used to analyze the effects of air pollution on pulmonary function and respiratory inflammation in the summer.ResultsThe results of single pollutant model showed that PM2.5， PM10， SO2 and NO2 were positively correlated with FeNO， and the effect was reflected in lag0， lag1 and lag3 （P

Objective Machine learning has been widely applied in the fields of collapse, landslide and debris flow susceptibility analysis. The selection of nonhazard samples is a key issue in landslide susceptibility analysis. Traditional random sampling and manual labelling methods may involve randomness and subjectivity. Methods In view of the potential randomness and representativeness of noncollapse samples, this paper considered soil collapse susceptibility evaluation a positive-unlabelled (PU) learning problem and proposes a two-step convolutional neural network framework (ISpy-CNN) that combines an information value model and the Spy technique. First, 15 collapse-related factors were selected for modelling based on the geomorphological, geological, hydrological, and artificial environmental conditions of the study area. Low-information-value samples that were able to map the distribution structure of noncollapsing samples were screened by the information value model. Then, through the Spy technique and training the CNN model, negative samples with high confidence were identified from low-information-value samples that were classified as noncollapsed samples. Finally, based on the framework and traditional random sampling, we used support vector machine (SVM) and random forest (RF) models to compare and verify the reliability, prediction accuracy and data sensitivity of the proposed learning framework and other models. Results The results illustrate that the proposed ISpy-CNN method can improve the accuracy, F1 value, sensitivity and specificity on the validation set by 6.82%, 6.82%, 6.82%, 8.23%, respectively compared to random sampling and 2.86%, 2.89%, 2.86%, 2.31%, respectively compared to the traditional Spy technique. The prediction accuracy of step 2 in PU learning using the CNN model is higher than that of the RF and SVM models. The sample set screened by the ISpy-CNN framework exhibited greater stability, prediction accuracy and growth rate than those screened by the traditional Spy technique by adding the same number of training samples. Conclusion The ISpy-CNN framework proposed in this paper can better assist in the selection of nonhazard samples and real collapse spatial distribution maps, and the results of the framework are more consistent with the actual collapse distributions.

Objective: To investigate the effect of superchilling combined with modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) on the quality indicators of truffle during storage. Methods: Truffle samples were stored at −(4.4 ± 0.2) ℃ under normal atmosphere (control) and 40% O2 + 60% CO2 atmosphere (group A), and quality changes during storage were determined. Discriminant models were established using principal component analysis (PCA) and orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA). Results: Each quality index showed different trends under the two different storage atmospheres. Truffle was preserved significantly better in group A than the control group; the water loss and decay rate were effectively reduced in group A. On the 20th day of storage, the moisture content, decay rate and mass loss rate of group A were 63.62%, 6.94% and 1.02%, respectively; moisture content was significantly higher than control group (P < 0.05), and decay rate and mass loss rate were lower than control group, respectively (P < 0.05). Truffle quality was maintained better in group A than the control group, in terms of maintaining textural characteristics such as hardness and elasticity and delaying the decline in the contents of polysaccharides, total polyphenols, total flavonoids and crude protein and ferric ion reducing power. After 20 days of storage, the contents of polysaccharides, total polyphenols, total flavonoids and crude protein, and ferric ion reducing power were reduced by 27.94%, 32.51%, 16.18%, 68.58%, and 18.13%, respectively, which were lower than those in the control group. Correlation analysis and the developed discriminant models could effectively distinguish the quality differences of the samples under different treatments, indicating that physicochemical indexes influenced the quality of truffle during the storage period. OPLS-DA could also effectively differentiate the components of the truffle samples under different treatments. Conclusion: Superchilling combined with MAP can better preserve fresh truffle, and this study provides a theoretical basis for the development of new truffle preservation technologies.

Purposes For the Shanxi Coal Measures, the slip soil in coal bearing soft rock landslides generally contains a large number of clay minerals, and is a typical slip soil with certain expansibility and is different from the conventional slip soil in mechanical properties. Methods Four typical cases of clayey slip soil in coal bearing soft rock landslides in the Yellow River Basin in Shanxi Province are taken as research objects to reveal the unique mechanical properties. The research methods include X-ray diffraction test, slow shear test, and free expansion rate test. Findings The results show that: 1) The clay minerals of the clayey slip soil are mainly composed of montmorillonite, kaolinite, illite, and chlorite. The percentage contents of montmorillonite mineral quality are 40.95% (for a landslide in Dongshan), 38.30% (for a landslide in Linxian), 34.52% (for a landslide in Xiangning), and 17.65% (for a landslide in Zezhou), respectively. 2) The cohesion and internal friction angle of clayey slip soil show two modes with water content (negative index/negative correlation). The content range of the montmorillonite that affects the regular pattern is 17.65%~34.52%; 3) The attenuation degree of clayey slip soil shear strength shows two correlation with montmorillonite conten (t positive/negative correlation). The critical value of the montmorillonite content that affects the degree of attenuation is 34.52%. Conclusions From the perspective of mineral composition, the attenuation law of clayey slip soil shear strength is expounded and the unique strength property of this kind of slip soil is revealed. This research has certain theoretical significance for further revealing the landslide-induced disaster-causing mechanism of coal bearing soft rock landslides in the Yellow River Basin region.

The Daniudi Gas Field is one of the typical tight sandstone gas fields in the Ordos Basin. In order to better understand the genetic types and source of natural gas and reveal the migration phase of natural gas, the geochemical analysis of light hydrocarbons in the Upper Paleozoic tight gas from the Daniudi Gas Field has been conducted in this study. The results indicate that, the C5-7 light hydrocarbons in the Upper Paleozoic tight gas are dominated by iso-alkanes, and the C6-7 light hydrocarbons display low contents of aromatics (< 10%), which are even undetectable. The C7 light hydrocarbons are dominated by methylcyclohexane (MCH) with the relative MCH contents exceeding 50%. The K1 and K2 values of natural gas from the Lower Shihezi Formation (P1x) are consistent with those from the Shanxi (P1s) and Taiyuan (C3t) formations, respectively. The δ13C1 values of the P1x gas are consistent with those of the P1s gas and significantly different from those of the C3t gas. Compared with the P1s gas, the P1x gas mainly displays lower benzene/n-hexane, benzene/cyclohexane and toluene/n-heptane ratios, as well as significantly higher n-heptane/methylcyclohexane ratios. Geochemical characteristics of light hydrocarbons and carbon and hydrogen isotopic compositions of alkanes indicate that, the Upper Paleozoic natural gas from the Daniudi Gas Field is typical coal-derived gas. The P1s and C3t gases were in-situ self-generated and self-accumulated, whereas the P1x gas was mainly derived from the underlying P1s source rocks and accumulated via vertical migration in free phase, with insignificant contributions of the C3t source rocks. Due to the effect of migration and water solution of natural gas, the deviation exists in the identification of thermal maturity for tight gas from the Daniudi Gas Field using the light hydrocarbon indexes such as heptane and isoheptane values and benzene/n-hexane ratios.

As an important ecological barrier in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, Shimentai Nature Reserve aims to protect the integrity of the ecosystem and biodiversity. It was established as a provincial-level nature reserve in 1998 and upgraded to a national level nature reserve in 2012. However, the changes in the quality of the ecological environment remain unclear. This study quantitatively assessed the changes in the ecological quality of the Shimentai Nature Reserve from 1997 to 2021 based on the Remote Sensing Ecological Index (RSEI), explored the changes in ecological quality before and after the establishment of the nature reserve and the upgrading of the control level, and discussed the reasons for the evolution using the Random Forest Algorithm and correlation analysis method. The results showed that the RSEI value of Shimentai Nature Reserve dynamically increased from 0.637 in 1997 to 0.714 in 2011, and the ecological environment quality steadily improved as the nature reserve was upgraded from the provincial to the national level; the RSEI reached 0.788 by 2021. The quality of the ecological environment has improved in 64.5% of the protected area, the buffer zone has improved more obviously, and the deteriorated areas are mainly concentrated in the experimental area where human activities are frequent and in the high-altitude ridge area in the core area. Meanwhile, the ecological environment quality of the buffer zone and the low-altitude area in the core area is adequate and relatively stable. The RSEI responded most clearly to elevation, with the best ecological quality between 300 and 600 m and relatively poorer quality above 900 m. On the slope upward with the south slope as the turning point, the quality of the ecological environment gradually improved from the north slope to the south slope in a clockwise direction, and then gradually deteriorated from the south slope to the north slope. At a cut-off point of 15° on the slope, the RSEI briefly increased and then decreased continuously. The RSEI was highest at a soil pH of 5.3, organic carbon mass fraction of 4.1%, and clay mass fraction of 32%. The degree of influence of residential activities on the quality of the ecological environment from the outside to the inside (i.e., the experimental area-buffer area-core area) was gradually reduced and negatively affected. The RSEI was positively correlated with precipitation, 23.6% of the area passed the significance test (P < 0.05). The local year was influenced by precipitation, and the influence of precipitation was greater in certain years. Overall, the ecological environment quality of the Shimentai Nature Reserve has shown a clear improvement trend, and the protection and management of the bare soil areas on the top of the high mountains, and the areas of frequent human activities in the lower altitudes, should be strengthened in the future.

The recombinant rice was prepared by twin-screw extrusion with broken japonica rice flour as raw material and a certain amount of resistant japonica rice starch. The study investigated the effects of die temperature, moisture content and screw speed on the quality of the recombinant rice. On the basis of single factor, the extrusion process conditions were optimized by response surface methodology. The pasting, rheological, cooking, and digestive properties of the recombinant rice were subsequently determined. The findings indicated that a composite score of 70.7±0.5 of recombinant rice was achieved at a die temperature of 100 ℃, moisture content of 28%, and screw speed of 96 r/min. The pasting properties indexes of recombinant rice were less than commercially available japonica rice, but slightly higher than blank recombinant rice, considering viscosity, retention value, and pasting temperature. The G' and G" of the recombinant rice were lower than those of commercially available japonica rice but slightly higher than those of the blank recombinant rice. Recombinant rice had higher water absorption, volume expansion, and cooking loss than blank recombinant rice and commercially available japonica rice. The recombinant rice had higher SDS and RS contents and lower RDS contents compared to the blank recombinant rice and commercially available japonica rice, which were respectively 51.62%, 9.37%, and 39.01%. The study results may serve as an experimental foundation for the creation of low-digestible recombinant rice products.

The timely treatment of dental caries and pulp disease in primary teeth holds significant importance for maintaining children's oral health. Direct pulp capping (DPC) is a vital pulp treatment that involves covering the exposed pulp with bioactive materials to promote dentin bridge formation. DPC is commonly used in primary teeth with vital pulp and mechanical pulp exposure not exceeding 1 mm. DPC offers advantages such as minimal invasiveness, comfort, simplicity of operation and short chair-side time, making it suitable for pediatric dental clinical practice. Early studies suggested negative treatment outcomes for DPC in primary teeth with carious pulp exposure. Over the years, there have been advancements in materials and technology demonstrating positive outcomes in the clinical research of primary teeth with deep caries. However, due to the limited quality of related studies, DPC has not been widely recommended for the treatment of primary teeth with carious pulp exposure, and its widespread use needs further support by more high-quality evidence-based medical research. The success rate of DPC in primary teeth is influenced by factors including pulp status, clinical operations (such as isolation and caries removal), pulp capping material, cavity type, tooth position, coronal sealing, and dental fear. In clinical operation, dentists should accurately assess pulp status and minimize bacterial contamination. Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) is a DPC agent with relatively sufficient evidence and good therapeutic effects, and the crown should be tightly sealed after pulp capping. Additionally, the effects of novel biocompatible materials such as iRoot BP Plus used in DPC of primary teeth, and the influence of other factors like hemostatic methods on the prognosis of affected teeth, need further exploration.

There are currently problems with the intelligent gas extraction system in coal mines. ① The system's functions are limited to a certain process control, resulting in incomplete coverage of gas extraction business management and inadequate implementation of measures. ② Based on the traditional 'chimney style' IT architecture, subsystems are scattered, data utilization is low, collaborative capabilities are poor. The cost of later subsystem integration is high, making system expansion inconvenient. ③ There are still many manual links in the gas extraction process, and the system's intelligence and automation capabilities still need to be further improved. In order to solve the above problems, a coal mine gas intelligent extraction control system based on industrial Internet architecture is designed. A multi-source heterogeneous data collection process for gas extraction has been developed based on the publish/subscribe model. It promotes data decoupling and sharing, reduces system complexity, and achieves unified collection of multi-source heterogeneous data such as gas extraction pipeline network data, drilling operation and trajectory data, equipment working condition data, and meeting standard evaluation data. Based on digital twin technology, a three-dimensional extraction system model is constructed, achieving a three-dimensional display of the up and down extraction system. Based on rule engine technology, sensor data processed by the message center can be judged based on subscribed Topic. The processed sensor data is stored in the database to realize the automation and process operation of gas extraction standard evaluation. By using machine vision video analysis technology to identify the number of drill pipes, automatic counting of drill pipe numbers (drilling depth) during the drilling process and information management of drilling engineering are achieved. Combined with drilling measurement instruments, analysis and visualization of drilling trajectory left and right, upper and lower deviations are achieved. The on-site application results show that gas extraction management personnel can quickly and in real time understand the extraction situation, extraction evaluation, drilling engineering construction, and system failure of each extraction face by viewing the intelligent control system software for gas extraction. It improves the level of gas extraction information and intelligent management.

Zirconium alloys are widely used as structural materials in civil power reactors, nuclear-powered aircraft carriers, nuclear submarines and space vehicles as well as medical materials due to their excellent nuclear properties and biocompatibility. Zirconium alloys serving in harsh environments are also facing the risk of corrosion failure. Due to the special characteristics of the service environment of the material itself, it is more difficult to simulate and test zirconium alloy corrosion, and to get effective answers to many questions. The corrosion of zirconium alloys includes uniform corrosion, nodular corrosion, stress corrosion and microbial corrosion. Its corrosion is also affected by the material composition, heat treatment process, surface roughness, oxide film composition, pH value of the solution, irradiation, thermal and hydro chemical environments as well as temperature, and other factors, and the protective measures include coatings and corrosion inhibitors and other ways. To further improve the corrosion resistance of zirconium alloys, it is suggested that in the future the study should be conducted in the following aspects: 1) The concentration of solid-solution elements in the zirconium alloy matrix; 2) The type of second-phase elements, grain size and distribution; 3) The growth mechanism of the oxide film; 4) The mode of bacterial attachment and the growth behaviors of the biofilm.

【Objective】The study aimed to investigate the impact of continuous subculture of Beauveria bassiana on the virulence and spore production of second-instar larvae of Spodoptera litura. Additionally, a study on strain rejuvenation was conducted to offer references for the biological control of B. bassiana against S. litura.【Method】The primary strain, designated as F0 (SCAUJH19), was inoculated on PDA medium, and subsequent generations (F1~F10) were obtained through ten consecutive subcultures. The second-instar larvae of S. litura were exposed to 1×108 CFU/mL B. bassiana treatment by insect dipping method. The virulence of different sub-cultured strains against second-instar larvae was determined, and spore production for each generation was quantified. A model was constructed to analyze the relationship between virulence, spore production and successive subcultures in B. bassiana strains and laws of virulence degeneration. Live insect rejuvenation method was implemented on strains from generations F4, F6, F8 and F10, followed by a comprehensive comparison and analysis of the virulence effects on second-instar larvae before and after rejuvenation, along with measuring their spore productions.【Result】No significant difference in virulence was observed among F1~F5 subcultures of B. bassiana strains, with mortality rates ranging from 42% to 45% when treat for 7 d. However, the mortality rate of F6, F8 and F10 strains against S. litura decreased to 37%, 22.94% and 12.17%. Spore production analysis indicated that F1~F5 strains maintained a spore quantity of above 9.65~10.43×108 CFU/mL, whereas spore quantities of F6, F8 and F10-generation strains decreased to 7.62×108 CFU/mL, 5.14×108 CFU/mL and 4.69×108 CFU/mL. The constructed model revealed an exponential decrease in spore production with subcultures from the F5 generation, with a positive correlation between spore production and virulence. Strains with fewer subculture generations exhibited higher spore production and greater pathogenicity to second-instar larvae of S. litura. After the rejuvenation of F4, F6, F8 and F10 strains with live insect rejuvenation method, the corrected mortality of the treated strains of S. litura second-instar larvae remained above 50%, surpassing the highest mortality of the original strains, and the spore production of the rejuvenated strains exceeded that of the pre-rejuvenated strains.【Conclusion】After 4 to 5 generations of subculture, B. bassiana demonstrates a gradual decrease in spore production and virulence against second-instar larvae of S. litura and strain rejuvenation is needed. The sub-generation of B. bassiana could be effectively restored or improved to its original characteristics through the live insect rejuvenation method. Spore production of the same strain can be served as a valuable reference index for evaluating its virulence.

Objective To investigate the correlation between serum leptin level and body mass index (BMI) in infants with cyanosis congenital heart disease, and the relationship between leptin and Ob gene receptor (Ob-R) and hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) in myocardium. Methods A total of 52 children under 6 months of age with congenital heart disease who underwent surgical treatment in the Department of Congenital Heart Surgery, Fuwai Hospital from January 2019 to October 2020 were included in this study. According to the arterial partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2) of 90 mmHg, they were divided into cyanotic group (n=30) and acyanotic group (n=22). Their height and weight were collected to calculate BMI. The serum leptin level was measured by ELISA. The expressions of HIF-1α and Ob-R in myocardial tissue were detected by RT-PCR and Western blot. In animal model, SD rats were divided into normoxia group and hypoxia intervention group, which were subjected to continuous hypoxia (10% O2) for 4 weeks. The hypoxia intervention group received intraperitoneal injection of HIF-1α inhibitor digoxin (2 mg/kg) daily from the 14 th to 21st day of hypoxia, respectively. The body weight of rats was recorded, and the expressions of HIF-1α and Ob-R were detected by RT-qPCR and Western blot. Results Compared with the acyanosis group, the cyanosis group had a significantly lower BMI (P＜0.05) and a lower leptin/BMI ratio (leptin /BMI) (P＜0.05). Spearman correlation analysis confirmed that serum leptin in the circulatory system was positively correlated with BMI (P＜0.05). In the cyanosis group, the expression of Ob-R increased with the upregulation of HIF-1α,showing a positive correlation. In animal model, with the down-regulation of HIF-1α expression in digoxin injection, the Ob-R level was significantly lower than that in the control group(P＜0.05), the trend of weight loss was significantly inhibited(P＜0.05). The right ventricular hypertrophy index was significantly lower than that in the control group (P＜0.05). Conclusions HIF-1α regulates the expression of Ob-R in myocardial tissue, and the mechanism of its association with leptin and Ob-R may help to find new therapeutic target for improving the prognosis of infants with congenital heart disease.

At present 1D inversion is commonly used for data processing and interpretation of transient electromagnetic (TEM) method. It is important to study the resolution-capability for the thin layer to take better advantage of ground-based loop-source TEM method. In this study, we employ 1D Occam's inversion method to qualitatively and quantitatively study the resolution capability for a thin layer. The thin layer has low resistivity, and its thickness is 10 m. The buried depth ranges from 10 to 100 m with 10 m intervals. The numerical modeling results show that the inverted resistivity and thickness will more coincide with the true values of the thin layer if the differences of resistivity between the thin layer and background medium increase. The depth of the inverted minimum resistivity agrees with the position of the low-resistivity thin layer. For background resistivity less than 100 Ω·m, the maximum depths are 40, 50 and 80 m for ratios of 1:5, 1:10 and 1:20 between the resistivities of the thin layer and the background medium, respectively. The maximum depth indicates the one within which the thin layer can be well detected by TEM methods. For the background resistivity of 200 Ω·m, the corresponding maximum depths are 30, 30 and 60 m. This study will help to optimize the field-work parameter designing and to improve the accuracy of data processing and interpretation.

ERA5L precipitation reanalysis datasets were provided by the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts（ECMWF） Fifth Generation Land Surface Reanalysis （ERA5L）. An investigation of the applicability of ERA5L precipitation reanalysis datasets produced for Sichuan， Chongqing， Guizhou， Yunnan and Xizang in Southwest China has been conducted.Statistical metrics， including Pearson correlation coefficients （CCs）， mean relative deviations （MREs）， root mean square errors （RMSEs）， probability of detections （PODs）， false alarm rates （FARs）， and critical success indices （CSIs）， were employed to assess the features and accuracy of ERA5L precipitation data using 441 national ground stations of the China Meteorological Administration between 2018 and 2020.The characteristics and deviations of ERA5L precipitation data were analysed in aspects of different regions， stations， altitudes， and timescales （monthly and seasonal） in our assessment phase.The following insights were revealed： （1） ERA5L better represents precipitation changes in the southwestern region； however， it tends to show higher precipitation levels than the in-situ observations， especially in Xizang.（2） In the Sichuan Basin， high correlation has been found between ERA5L precipitation data and in-situ observations， with a small error.The areas of Xizang， Yunnan， Guizhou and Western Sichuan are characterized by complex terrains and mountainous regions.The ERA5L data here has a relatively higher error.（3） The ERA5L exhibits a clear monthly variation in error， with a decline in overall precipitation leading to higher MRE， lower POD， and increased FAR from July to February.The MRE decreases， the POD increases， and the FAR rate decreases as precipitation increases from February to July.The quality of ERA5L varies between provinces and seasons.There is excellent precipitation quality in Chongqing during spring and autumn， and in Guizhou and Sichuan during summer and winter.（4） ERA5L precipitation is overestimated compared to in-situ observations in light rain magnitude， but underestimated in moderate and above-moderate rain.The underestimate becomes more severe as the rain intensity increases.As a whole， ERA5L has the potential for various applications in Southwest China.The hierarchy of ERA5L precipitation quality from high to low occurs in the following order： low altitude， medium altitude， and high altitude.In the context of five provinces， the order of applicability from high to low is as follows： Chongqing， Guizhou， Sichuan， Yunnan， and Xizang.

In deep-sea operations, tethers play a vital role in providing energy supply and information transmission for remotely operated vehicles (ROVs). To further refine the collect and release planning of the tether and to regulate ROVs' underwater range of motion, this study proposes a novel tether management system powered by permanent magnet synchronous motors. The surface-underwater control systems and their logical control methods have been thoughtfully designed to meet the tether's working requirements. The electric tether management system comprises components such as a drum, sheave, permanent magnet motor, and respective drivers, presenting a more compact structure than traditional hydraulic-powered tether management systems. Through a sprocket, the system ensures synchronicity between the drum and the spooler for a corrugated motion, facilitating correct tether winding around the drum. By analytically considering the torque and speed statuses of the drum and sheave across typical tether pick-up and pay-out modes, this study validates the effectiveness of the electric tether management system's control and logic. The results indicate that the electric tether management system can efficiently collaborate with the ROV to perform underwater operations, thereby contributing to stable and efficient ROV system operation.

The concept and technologies of computing-network integration are still in the early stage of development. Research on computing task scheduling and network interconnection are still inadequate. Therefore, it is urgent to understand the developmental trend of the intelligent connection computing network technology (ICCNT) and propose a strategic conception and development routes for the independent innovation of ICCNT in China. This study analyzes the major challenges faced by the existing information network technologies and summarizes the developmental trends of computing-network integration. It also proposes a core architecture of the ICCNT and clarifies its development goals and expected performance. The development path of ICCNT is explored, covering key technologies such as diversified protocol support, integrated control of network, storage, and computing, intelligent arrangement of service functions, and endogenous security structure, as well as demonstration applications in the smart park network, vertical industry network, and data center network scenarios. Furthermore, we suggest innovating ICCNT systems, expanding the demonstration applications of ICCNT, and accelerating the implementation of ICCNT products, thereby promoting the evolution and application of ICCNT.

The early warning of coal spontaneous combustion is difficult to solve the perception of fire information. The acoustic emission (AE) signal generated by thermal damage and destruction on coal rock can perceive the temperature, and then issue a warning on the evolutionary state of coal spontaneous combustion. In order to study the change of AE signal in the process of coal heating and combustion, we explore the difference of and the time and frequency changes of the AE signals released by coal in different temperatures in the process of coal spontaneous combustion, and study the generation mechanism of the AE signal, so as to provide a theoretical basis for the inversion of coal temperature and for monitoring coal spontaneous combustion. The AE signal test system is constructed. By choosing the bituminous coal from Dongtan coal mine as the research subject, we test and analyze the change of the AE signal during coal heating process, analyze the evolutionary process of coal deformation and cracking under the influence of temperature and the change of coal composition, and examine the generation mechanism of AE signal in the process of coal heating. The results show that the ringing counts of coal increase sporadically from heating to combustion, and the correlation coefficient exceeds 0.87 by linear fitting, indicating that the frequency of coal deformation and cracking increases during the heating process. With the increase of temperature, the growth rate of ringing counts and the average frequency (AF value) of AE signal generated by coal are lower in the initial heating stage, but are higher when the temperature rises rapidly. The cumulative damage parameters show an inflection point when the coal temperature exceeds 80°C, and the main damage mode changes from rapid expansion damage to progressive damage. By analyzing the macro- and microscopic changes of coal structure and composition at different temperatures, we find that the mineral conversion rate in coal affects the main damage mode inside the coal body with the increase of temperature, and that the high mineral conversion rate corresponds to the rapid expansion damage inside the coal body, which promotes the derivative expansion of coal pores and cracks, and produces gradually increasing AE signals.

Aiming at the multi-objective optimization and trajectory planning problems of six-degree-of-freedom assembly robots, firstly, the atomic orbit search (AOS) algorithm is incorporated into the multi-objective optimization to construct the multi-objective optimization functions of time, energy consumption and shock. Secondly, the trajectory planning adopts the method of path point interpolation non-uniform rational B-spline curve, uses the AOS algorithm to determine the binding state and the binding energy of atoms, determines the candidate solution with the lowest energy level in the atom, outputs the optimal electron position, optimizes the Pareto value set space, and obtains the multi-objective optimized trajectory curve. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by the Matlab simulation. The results show that the trajectory planning method combined with the AOS algorithm can ensure that the assembly robot runs in the optimal route, which has certain engineering application value.

In order to explore the corrosion mechanism of dual-phase X80 pipeline steel in the coastal soil simulation solution environment, the stress corrosion and electrochemical corrosion behavior of dual-phase X80 pipeline steel under different applied potentials (-750,-900 and -1 050 mV vs. saturated calomel electrode (SCE)) were studied by using polarization curve, slow strain rate tensile test (SSRT) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The results show that dual-phase X80 pipeline steel is the most sensitive to stress corrosion (SCC) under -1 050 mV potential. SSRT exhibits brittle fracture, with circular or elliptical pits visible on the fracture at the ferrite region. This is due to the diffusion of hydrogen atoms generated by excessive cathodic reaction into the steel and aggregation at the boundaries of ferrite grains. When the hydrogen pressure generated by hydrogen gas precipitation exceeds the material strength, circular pits are generated and become elliptical under tensile stress. Meanwhile, EIS of sample, under-1 050 mV has the smallest simulated resistance, indicatingits worst corrosion resistance. The external potential of-750 mV can provide some electrochemical protection, yet it is not enough to reduce the stress corrosion of dual-phase X80 pipeline steel. The external potential of-900 mV can effectively inhibit the anodic dissolution of X80 pipeline steel. The strength and ductility of X80 pipeline steel after SSRT under-900 mV are both higher than those without external potential, exhibiting ductile fracture characteristics . Its EIS simulationresistances are the highest.Therefore, the optimal cathodic protection potential of dual-phase X80 pipeline steel in simulated coastal soil environment is about -900 mV vs. SCE. The study on the stress corrosion behavior of the dual-phase X80 pipeline steel in the simulated coastal soil environment can provide a theoretical basis for its safe service and provide a reference for corrosion suppression and protection in practical application.

Objective As one of the key technologies for the safe navigation of ships, intelligent collision avoidance decision-making is of great significance for the development of intelligent ships. Aiming at the intelligent collision avoidance decision-making problem under multi-vessel encounters, an improved chaos sparrow search optimization algorithm (CSSOA) based on Gaussian variation and Tent chaos is proposed. Methods The algorithm uses Tent chaotic mapping to initialize the original sparrow population and improve its diversity, chaotic mapping is applied to sparrows with poor adaptability and stagnant search ability, and Gaussian mutation is used to improve the local search ability and robustness. The improved scheme optimizes the problems of heuristic algorithms such as slow convergence speed and tendency to fall into the local optimum. A collision risk model is established using the fuzzy membership function with the comprehensive consideration of the ship-to-ship speed ratio, minimum encounter distance, relative distance, minimum encounter time and relative orientation. ResultsIn a typical encounter scenario involving multiple ships, the experimental results demonstrate that the average number of iterations for the improved algorithm is reduced by 77.97% and 53.57% compared to particle swarm optimization and the original sparrow algorithm respectively. ConclusionThe improved CSSOA can achieve a safer and more efficient collision avoidance path at a superior convergence speed, providing valuable guidance for ship navigators in making collision avoidance decisions.