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Objective To explore the role and mechanism of pumilio homolog 1 （PUM1） in hypoxia/reoxygenation induced cell injury in human renal tubular epithelial cells （HK-2）. Methods A hypoxia/reoxygenation （H/R） model of HK-2 cells was established in vitro. PUM1 expression was knocked down through small interfering RNA （siRNA）. Cells were randomized into three groups of control， hypoxia/reoxygenation （H/R） and H/R+siRNA. Western blot （WB） method was used for detecting the expression level of PUM1 protein. Cell Count Kit 8 （CCK-8） was employed for detecting cell viability. Hydrogen peroxide （H2O2）， malondialdehyde （MDA） and superoxide dismutase （SOD） were used for evaluating the levels of oxidative stress. Flow cytometry was utilized for detecting the level of cell apoptosis. Results As compared with control group， protein expression level of PUM1 in H/R 3 h group （1.76 ± 0.11 vs 0.98 ± 0.05）， H/R 6 h group （2.89 ± 0.14 vs 0.98 ± 0.05） and H/R 12 h group （3.78 ± 0.08 vs 0.98 ± 0.05） gradually spiked with the prolongation of hypoxic time. As compared with H/R group， knocking down the expression of PUM1 significantly improved the cell viability （73.67 ± 3.42 vs 29.60 ± 2.94）， oxidative stress [H2O2:（13.53 ± 0.85）μmol/L vs （22.43 ± 1.12）μmol/L， MDA: （16.03 ± 0.70）μmol/L vs （31.20 ± 1.50）μmol/L， SOD: （34670 ± 1800）U/L vs （5730 ± 1220）U/L] and apoptotic level [（14.89 ± 1.65）% vs （39.71 ± 1.94）%] after H/R in H/R+si-PUM1 group. Conclusion PUM1 is up-regulated in H/R induced HK-2 cells and its inhibition may alleviate H/R injury through reducing oxidative stress and lowering cell apoptosis levels.

Ladle furnace (LF) refining can effectively control the composition and temperature of molten steel and plays a role in cushioning and coordinating the production rhythm between steelmaking and continuous casting. The use of models for control and decision-making in LF refining can further standardize the refining operations, improve the quality and stability of molten steel, and, combined with automatic control, will strongly promote the development of intelligent refining to achieve optimization of steelmaking and improve efficiency. Regarding promoting intelligent manufacturing in the steel industry, the LF refining process model is no longer limited to the establishment and deployment of single-function models and has begun to develop in the direction of integration, automation, and intelligence while its function has also changed from a single prediction and recommendation to overall intelligent control and decision-making. LF process control and decision models are mostly single-function models, but few integrate applications. Due to the complexity and uncertainty of the refining process, these models have differences in stability and accuracy. Therefore, establishing an integrated model, standardizing the field process, improving the data quality, and combining automatic control and closed-loop feedback to further realize the intelligent control model have become important directions for future research and application of LF control models. Herein, the development and research status of LF refining control and decision models are summarized, including the alloying model, slagging model, temperature model, argon blowing control model, calcium treatment model, and other single-function models, as well as intelligent refining technology. The modeling principles and functions of these models are systematically reviewed, and future development directions of LF process intelligent control and decision models are prospected, providing a reference for the subsequent development and application of LF intelligent refining technology. The establishment and real landing of LF intelligent control and decision models not only require the realization and linkage of process control and decision models but also propose higher requirements for iron and steel enterprises. The realization of LF intelligent control and decision-making models can greatly improve the consistency and qualified rate of product quality, reduce energy consumption and cost, reduce manual intervention, and shorten the smelting cycle, thus improving the competitiveness of enterprises. With the continuous upgrading and improvement of model design, automation technology, and steel mill site environment, the application and development of LF intelligent control and decision-making models show great potential in realizing green, low-carbon, and intelligent manufacturing and would make great contributions to the progress and transformation and upgrading of the steel industry in the future.

Background Nowadays, cardiac rehabilitation is mostly transferred from the hospital to a home environment. Mobile health applications assist patients in bridging the support gap from hospital to home environment, which encourages home-based recovery processes. Unfortunately, numerous quality difficulties accompany its promise, and the service quality of cardiac rehabilitation applications must be ＂confirmed＂ as soon as possible. Objective To develop a quality assessment indicator system for home-based rehabilitation APP services for heart failure patients, and to provide a model for standardizing and increasing the quality of mobile health APP. Methods This study was conducted from July 2022 to January 2023, using semi-structured interviews, literature review, the expert consultation method and analytic hierarchy process (AHP) to determine the content of indicator system and the weight for each index. Results 2 rounds of expert consultations resulted in the effective response rates of 100%, with the authority coefficients of 0.867, and the coordination coefficients of 0.128-0.154 and 0.151-0.197 respectively (P

Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of Roche Cobas s 201 in detecting HBV by analyzing its blood nucleic acid testing (NAT) results. Methods The results were grouped according to the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and NAT minipool test (MP), NAT individual test (ID) and repeated NAT ID test (rID), and categorized into 4 groups as ELISA+ /NAT(ID)+ , ELISA+ /NAT(rID)+ , ELISA-/NAT(ID)+ and ELISA-/NAT(rID)+ . The data were statistically analyzed to explore whether there was a difference in the detection of reactive results by repeated NAT, and the correlation between cycle threshold (Ct) and nucleic acid detection rate for NAT-reactive samples with different ELISA results. The true infection status of blood donors was further analyzed by supplementary tests, including NAT systems and chemiluminescence serological marker assays using other methodologies. Results A total of 1 691 groups of 766 293 blood donor samples were HBV NAT(MP)+ , of which 1 418 groups(83.86%) were detected with reactive results (1 418 HBV NAT+ , 7 090 NAT-), and there were still 273 groups (16.14%) that remained undetected after repeated testing[a total of 1 638 NAT-, Ct(MP): 39.49±3.62]. Of the HBV NAT+ , 881(62.13%) were ELISA+ /NAT(ID)+ , 19(1.34%) were ELISA+ /NAT(rID)+ , 451(31.81%) were ELISA-/NAT(ID)+ , and 67(4.72%) were ELISA-/NAT(rID)+ . For samples with different ELISA results, difference was found in the detection of HBV by repeated NAT (P0.05), but there were significant differences between other groups compared pairwise (P

With a view to investigating the effect of wheat sprouting degree on the cooking quality, textural characteristics and sensory evaluation of dried whole wheat noodles, whole wheat flours with different degrees of wheat sprouting (bulging, revealing, sprout length equal to 1/4, 1/2, 3/4 the grain length, and the grain length) were used to prepare dried whole wheat noodles. The results showed that the surface brightness of whole wheat noodles first increased and then decreased with the increase in wheat sprouting degree. The moisture absorption rate of dry matter reached the maximum when the sprout length was 1/2 the grain length, and the dry matter loss rate reached the minimum at the revealing stage. The viscosity and adhesion capacity of whole wheat noodles reached the minimum when the sprout length was 1/2 the grain length, and the hardness and shear work reached the maximum when the sprout length was 1/4 the grain length, and the breaking strength, tensile strength, elasticity and sensory score were the maximum when the sprout length was 1/2 the grain length. Overall, the eating quality of dried whole wheat noodles prepared from whole wheat flour at the stage of wheat revealing to sprout length equal to 1/2 the grain length was the best, and the overall eating quality of noodles prepared from sprouted whole wheat flour was improved compared with that of the control prepared from un-sprouted whole wheat flour.

Objective To explore the prognostic impact and clinical application value of therapeutic plasma exchange(TPE) intervention timing and liver injury periodization in patients with exertional heat stroke(EHS). Methods Data of 127 EHS patients from the First Medical Center of the General Hospital of the People′s Liberation Army from January 2011 to December 2023 were collected, then divided into the death group and the survival group based on therapeutic outcomes and into 5 stages according to the dynamic changes of ALT, AST, TBIL and DBIL. According to propensity score matching analysis, 11 patients in the survival group and 12 patients in the death group were included in the statistical analysis, and 20 of them were treated with TPE. The changes in indicators and clinical outcomes before and after TPE were observed, in order to evaluate the impact of intervention timing on prognosis. Results Among the 23 patients, 14 had no liver injury or could progress to the repair phase, resulting in 3 deaths(with the mortality rate of 21.43%), while 9 patients failed to progress to the repair phase, resulting in 9 deaths(with the mortality rate of 100%), with significant differences(P

Lupus nephritis (LN) is a common and serious complication of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Current treatment of LN is based largely upon hormones and immunosuppressants associated with such adverse effects as easy relapse and easy infection. In recent years, researchers have identified a variety of biologic agents capable of enhancing the efficacy of traditional treatment regimens while minimizing drug side effects. This review summarized the latest researches of novel biologic therapeutic agents for LN.

Using digital twin technology as the medium, this paper understands modern space equipment digitalization driven by the digital twin technology thoroughly from the three perspectives of data, model and process. Based on the above three perspectives, it analyzes the system composition, feature system and key technologies of the entire equipment digital twin. Then, by combing the application of digital twin technology in some space equipment, the paper discusses the role and advantages of digital twin technology in the design and manufacture of space equipment, and analyzes the application prospect of digital twin in the field of space equipment in the future. Finally, from the above three perspectives of data, model and process, this paper summarizes the current difficulties faced by the digi-tal transformation construction of space equipment research and development, as well as the main contradictions faced by the development of digital twin of equipment. It puts forward new ideas to find possible breakthrough points and solutions to explore a new path to promote the digital transformation of space equipment research and development.

Flavor plays a crucial role in the sensory perception of food and is a key determinant for consumer preference and choice. Therefore, flavor analysis methods are of paramount importance. Traditional methods for flavor analysis have limitations such as time-consuming and unable to handle large sample data. The emergence of machine learning is poised to address these problems. Machine learning possesses the capability to analyze and process vast amounts of data, identify complex patterns in high-dimensional variable spaces, autonomously learn useful information from known data, and automatically generate and optimize algorithms for prediction based on new data. The emergence of machine learning provides a new method for understanding the complex flavor characteristics of food. This article provides a comprehensive review of the advantages and disadvantages of traditional and novel machine learning methods as well as their various application scenarios in conjunction with analytical instruments such as electronic tongue, electronic nose, and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Additionally, it reviews the application of machine learning in food flavor analysis. Through research, it has been found that different scenarios of food flavor analysis require different machine learning methods. Machine learning holds significant potential for enhancing food quality, safety and consumer satisfaction. The combination of multiple machine learning models and analytical techniques will play a crucial role in food flavor analysis.

Food flavor plays an important role in people’s life. Traditional methods for flavor analysis and detection have limited ability to predict food flavor. In recent years, many researchers have used machine learning models to effectively process food flavor information and establish classification and prediction models, making flavor prediction more accurate and efficient. The principles of traditional and novel machine learning methods, such as support vector machine (SVM), random forest (RF), k-nearest neighbor (k-NN), and neural network, as well as recent progress on their combined application with flavor analysis instruments and molecular structure analysis for food flavor prediction are reviewed, aiming to provide new ideas for the application of machine learning models in food flavor analysis and prediction. It is found that machine learning models can be used to predict the impacts of different substance components on food flavor, identify the flavor characteristics of foods from different regions. The combination of multiple machine learning models can improve the accuracy and reliability of prediction, and promote in-depth research and development of food flavor.

Background Telerehabilitation based on digital medical care can efficiently improve the health status of patients after radiofrequency ablation of atrial fibrillation. However, the current participation rate in telerehabilitation is low. Objective To analyse the reasons for refusal of exercise rehabilitation in patients after radiofrequency ablation of atrial fibrillation in the context digital medical care based on the theory of leisure constraints. Methods Patients after radiofrequency ablation of atrial fibrillation in the inpatient department or outpatient clinic of Department of Cardiology, at the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University from July to September 2022 were selected as the study subjects by using the purposive sampling method. The phenomenological approach was adopted to collect data from patients who refused exercise telerehabilitation after radiofrequency ablation through semi-structured interviews, and Colaizzi analysis was used to summarize the reasons. Results A total of 14 patients were finally included in this study. Three themes including self-limiting factors, interpersonal limiting factors, and structural limiting factors, and twelve sub-themes were extracted, namely, low level of digital literacy, negative illness perception, psychological distress caused by disease, digital medical trust crisis, deep-rooted personal exercise habits, alienation sense from rehabilitation team, insufficient social network establishment, economic burden related to equipment acquisition, harsh climate, low rehabilitation service capacity in primary care, constraints of available time by role pressure, and poor applicability of wearable devices. Conclusion The reasons for refusal to exercise telerehabilitation include lack of literacy and trust in digital medical care, high level of illness perception and psychological distress, poor exercise habits, rehabilitation team and peer alienation, economic burden, harsh climate, lack of capacity and personal time for rehabilitation service capacity in primary care, and inadequate applicability of existing wearable devices.

Thick coal seams are widely distributed in the world, which contain rich geological information and play an important role in the global carbon cycle. The genetic mechanism of thick coal seams has recently gained attention in coal geology research. In order to reveal the composition characteristics and genetic mechanism of ultra thick coal seams in the isochronous sequence stratigraphic framework, the ultra thick coal seam M7, developed in lacustrine transgressive system tract of Middle Jurassic sequence S1 in the northern Qaidam Basin, was continuously sampled at equal intervals, and then the macerals and minerals were identified. A comprehensive analysis was conducted based on the recognition principle of key surface in coal seam, and the paleo-environmental indication of maceral and mineral. The results showed that the content of vitrinite is the highest (48.5%), followed by inertinite (37.22%), and liptinite is fairly low (3.32%). The content of minerals is relatively stable, with an average value of 10.96%. Based on the alternated development of coal seams-detrital deposits, and the content variation of macerals and minerals in vertical direction, five key surfaces were identified, including terrestrialization surface, erosional subaerial exposure surface, paludification surface, give-up transgressive surface, and accommodation reversal surface. The vertical evolution of swamp was analyzed by selecting boreholes at the landward and basinward locality along the sedimentary trend compared to the Yuqia coal mine. Four sedimentary cycles were identified in the ultra thick coal seam M7 of Yuqia coal mine. In landward YQ6–22 and basinward YQ6–12, three sedimentary cycles were identified due to the separation of M7–1 to M7–3 by terrigenous detrital and lacustrine deposits. High resolution sequences were found in ultra thick coal seams, which were divided into four fourth-order sequences. Combined with the sequence boundary corresponding to the key surface in coal seam, the genetic mechanism of ultra thick coal seams was revealed. A multi-peat superposition genetic model in the sequence stratigraphic framework was established, which can be further applied to the research of thick coal seams in more geological times around the world.

Mass resolution of Foureir transform mass spectrometer (FTMS) highly depends on the acquisition time of image charge/current signal. In order to achieve higher resolution with a shorter transient time, apart from increasing the field strength of the analyzer, the high order harmonics in the image charge signal may also be exploited. The image charge or current signal obtained from the planar electrostatic ion trap has a non-sinusoidal waveform which contains many high-order harmonic components. However, presence of high harmonics increases the complexity of spectral analysis, such as identification of a peak for its correct harmonic order, and avoiding quantitation error due to the peak overlapping from different harmonic groups. A new quantitative algorithm consists of a scoring-based peak classification and the least square fitting (SC-LSF), which has been developed to convert image charge or current signal to mass spectrum. The scoring process will go through all the peaks identified above the noise background, for assumptions that the peak belongs to a certain harmonic order. The score will go up when a relevant lower harmonic peak is confirmed. The harmonic order which achieves the highest score, is assigned to the peak so its fundamental frequency can be determined. Through the SC tests, the candidates of all fundamental frequencies are found for all possible m/z of ions. The basis signals for all possible m/z are constructed using the identified fundamental frequencies and are brought to the LSF to determine the intensities of each species. The SC-LSF algorithm was tested using simulated signal from a mixture of 48 different m/z ions. Different levels of artificial noise were added to the signal to challenge the algorithm. The results show a wide range of mass and ion numbers in the sample mixture can be accurately returned through the SC-LSF algorithm even if the transient signal is under high noise condition. LSF in frequency domain is more efficient than in time domain because a subset of frequency points may be selected, so the amount of calculation is massively reduced. In addition, the test proves that good quantitation can be achieved only when LSF is carried out using data in complex number, while fitting with magnitude data results in large errors for ions in the closed mass group. This is because those closed mass peaks are overlapping at certain low-order harmonics and the amplitudes of a FFT spectrum are not addable, thus leading to the fitting errors.

Objective To summarize the research trends and hotspots of patient reported outcome measurement information system (PROMIS). Methods China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) and PubMed databases were systematically searched, Bicomb 2.0 software was used for data sorting and cleaning, keywords were extracted, word frequency analysis was performed on high-frequency fields, and co-word matrix was constructed. SPSS 24.0 was used for co-word clustering analysis to summarize and explore research trends and hotspots. Results The hot topic clusters of the PROMIS were patient reported outcome measures, quality of life, symptoms and psychological variables assessment. Conclusion PROMIS has become a hot issue in the field of patient health level and care quality. Future studies tend to use consensus-based health measurement tools to conduct the measurement test of PROMIS, build a systematic clinical interpretation system, and then promote its transformation and application in clinical practice.

Objective To explore the biomarkers and potential mechanisms of chronic restraint stress-induced myocardial injury in hyperlipidemia ApoE-/- mice. Methods The hyperlipidemia combined with the chronic stress model was established by restraining the ApoE-/- mice. Proteomics and bioinformatics techniques were used to describe the characteristic molecular changes and related regulatory mechanisms of chronic stress-induced myocardial injury in hyperlipidemia mice and to explore potential diagnostic biomarkers. Results Proteomic analysis showed that there were 43 significantly up-regulated and 58 significantly down-regulated differentially expressed proteins in hyperlipidemia combined with the restraint stress group compared with the hyperlipidemia group. Among them, GBP2, TAOK3, TFR1 and UCP1 were biomarkers with great diagnostic potential. KEGG pathway enrichment analysis indicated that ferroptosis was a significant pathway that accelerated the myocardial injury in hyperlipidemia combined with restraint stress-induced model. The mmu_circ_0001567/miR-7a/Tfr-1 and mmu_circ_0001042/miR-7a/Tfr-1 might be important circRNA-miRNA-mRNA regulatory networks related to ferroptosis in this model. Conclusion Chronic restraint stress may aggravate myocardial injury in hyperlipidemia mice via ferroptosis. Four potential biomarkers are selected for myocardial injury diagnosis, providing a new direction for sudden cardiac death （SCD） caused by hyperlipidemia combined with the restraint stress.

Objective To establish and verify a new nucleic acid extraction method for OBI detection with large volume and high sensitivity, and apply it in the quantitative determination of OBI samples with low viral load. Methods The method for nucleic acid extraction with large volume was established based on the method of Roche nucleic acid detection kit. HBV standards were configured into 10 000 IU/mL, 1 000 IU/mL, 100 IU/mL, 10 IU/mL and 1 IU/mL respectively, and nucleic acid was extracted from the 10 mL standards by magnetic beads. CT values of each concentration were detected by fluorescence quantitative PCR and each concentration gradient was detected in parallel duplicates. The logarithm of virus concentration was taken as the X-axis and the average CT values of two tests were taken as the Y-axis to construct the fluorescence quantitative standard curve and regression equation. Three repeated experiments were conducted to verify the stability of the method. This method was used to extract nucleic acid from OBI samples with low viral load, and fluorescence quantification was performed. Results The amplification efficiency of fluorescence quantitative standard curves ranged from 90% to 105%, and the regression equation was greater than 0.99. The variation coefficients of variation of CT values were 0.63%, 0.78%, 1.52%, 1.36% and 0.78%, respectively. This method can extract nucleic acid from OBI samples with viral load of 1 IU/mL for quantification. Conclusion The detection limit of HBV nucleic acid quantitative detection system can reach 1 IU/mL, and it has strong stability and high sensitivity, which can be used for the quantitative detection of OBI with low viral load.

【Objective】WRKY transcription factor family plays an important role in plant growth, development and stress resistance. The biological functions of WRKY gene family members involved in abiotic stress of Benincasa hispida Cogn. (wax gourd) were explored.【Method】WRKY members of wax gourd were identified based on the genome database of wax gourd. The protein physicochemical properties, phylogeny, conserved motifs and cis-acting elements of the members of the BhWRKY gene family was systematically analyzed by bioinformatics method. And the expression of wax gourd WRKY was analyzed by qPCR.【Result】The results showed that there were 57 members in the BhWRKY gene family with amino acid numbers ranging from 126 to 650 and molecular weight ranging from 13.92 to 71.68 kD. The isoelectric point of protein ranged from 4.61 to 9.69. According to phylogenetic tree, the family was divided into 3 groups, and the second group was further divided into 5 subgroups. The number of WRKY exons of wax gourd ranged from 2 to 6. Chromosomal mapping analysis showed that 56 genes were located on 12 chromosomes, and one gene was not located on the chromosome. The conserved Motif 1 and Motif 3 were found in 56 genes, and the same group had similar conserved motif structure. Meanwhile, it was also found that the promoters of the BhWRKY genes all contained cis-responsive elements and hormone response elements related to stress response. WRKYs were specifically expressed in different tissues and fruit development stages of wax gourd. RT-PCR result showed that abiotic stress and hormone treatment could induce the expression of some BhWRKY genes.【Conclusion】A total of 57 WRKY genes of wax gourd are identified and members of the same subgroup have similar structures. There are differences in the expression of 57 WRKY genes in different tissues. Among them, BhWRKY2, BhWRKY5, BhWRKY39, BhWRKY11, BhWRKY31 and BhWRKY53 participate in different stress responses.

To clarify the binding characteristics of human norovirus (HuNoV) with histo-blood group antigens (HBGAs)-like substances from Pacific oysters, this study used an Escherichia coli expression system to clone and express HuNoV GI.5 and GII.4 P proteins, and analyzed the binding characteristics of HuNoV P proteins with salivary HBGAs and HBGAs-like substances from Pacific oysters using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The results showed that HuNoV GII.4 exhibited good binding characteristics with blood type A, B, AB, and O salivary HBGAs, while GI.5 HuNoV exhibited weak binding characteristics with blood type B salivary HBGAs but had significant advantage in binding with type O salivary HBGAs. HuNoV GI.5 and GII.4 could be bioaccumulated in the gills, digestive gland, and mantle of Pacific oysters, with the highest bioaccumulation in the digestive gland. Both types of HuNoV were mainly bound to type A and H1 HBGAs-like substances; HuNoV GII.4 had different degrees of binding with type Lea, Leb, Lex, and Ley HBGAs-like substances, while HuNoV GI.5 had weak binding with type Leb HBGAs-like substances but significant advantage in binding with type H1 HBGAs-like substances. In summary, different types of HuNoV have different binding characteristics with HBGAs or HBGAs-like substances. Specifically, HuNoV GII.4 shows broad-spectrum binding characteristics whereas HuNoV GI.5 shows selective binding characteristics.

Objective To detect the anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody levels in blood donors in Guangzhou, so as to provide laboratory data support for the collection and clinical use of convalescent plasma. Methods Anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies were measured by ELISA in qualified donors. Among them, 326 donors who gave blood in February 2023 were tested for IgG antibodies, 444 donors were tested for neutralizing antibodies. In July 2023, 398 donors were tested for IgG and IgM. Results 399 of 724 blood samples diluted with normal saline (1∶160) were IgG reactive, with a reactive rate of 55.11%. Chi-square test showed that there was a significant difference in the reactive rate of IgG among samples collected at different times (25.46% in February vs 79.40% in July, χ2=210.74, P

Background In recent years, studies have demonstrated the use of ultrasound speckle tracking techniques for the early evaluation of subclinical left ventricular (LV) systolic function in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). In addition, long-term exposure to hyperglycemia severely damages the microvascular system. However, the interaction between diabetic microvascular complications and subclinical LV systolic function has not been fully understood. Objective To investigate the relationship between subclinical LV systolic function and diabetic microvascular complications in patients with T2DM. Methods A total of 150 patients with T2DM who were admitted to the Department of Endocrinology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University from June to December 2021 were selected in the cross-sectional study and all underwent conventional echocardiography, pulsed tissue Doppler echocardiography and two-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography (2D STE). The 2D global longitudinal strain (GLS) of LV was obtained to assess the subclinical LV systolic function. Diabetic microvascular complications were defined as combined diabetic retinopathy, diabetic kidney disease or peripheral neuropathy. The subjects were divided into the T2DM alone group (T2DM alone group, n=76), the T2DM with 1 complication group〔T2DM+C (1) group, n=37〕 and the T2DM with 2 to 3 complications group〔T2DM+C (2 to 3) group, n=37〕 according to the cumulative number of microvascular complications. The general demographic characteristics and biochemical indices of patients in the three groups were compared. The relationship between microvascular complications and subclinical LV systolic function was assessed by using Spearman correlation analysis and Logistic regression analysis. Results GLS was lower in the T2DM+C (1) and T2DM+C (2 to 3) groups than in the T2DM alone group (P

The gas-water distribution and production heterogeneity of tight gas reservoirs have been summarized from experimental and geological observations, but the charging and accumulation mechanisms have not been examined quantitatively by mathematical model. The tight gas charging and accumulation mechanisms were revealed from a combination of physical simulation of nuclear magnetic resonance coupling displacement, numerical simulation considering material and mechanical equilibria, as well as actual geological observation. The results show that gas migrates into tight rocks to preferentially form a gas saturation stabilization zone near the source-reservoir interface. When the gas source is insufficient, gas saturation reduction zone and uncharged zone are formed in sequence from the source-reservoir interface. The better the source rock conditions with more gas expulsion volume and higher overpressure, the thicker the gas saturation stabilization and reduction zones, and the higher the overall gas saturation. When the source rock conditions are limited, the better the tight reservoir conditions with higher porosity and permeability as well as larger pore throat, the thinner the gas saturation stabilization and reduction zones, but the gas saturation is high. The sweet spot of tight gas is developed in the high-quality reservoir near the source rock, which often corresponds to the gas saturation stabilization zone. The numerical simulation results by mathematical model agree well with the physical simulation results by nuclear magnetic resonance coupling displacement, and reasonably explain the gas-water distribution and production pattern of deep reservoirs in the Xujiaweizi fault depression of the Songliao Basin and tight gas reservoirs in the Linxing–Huangfu area of the Ordos Basin.

Background The incidence of adverse pregnancy outcomes has remained high in recent years, which poses a serious threat to maternal and neonatal life and health. Chronic stress is known to be a risk factor for adverse pregnancy outcomes, while the relationship between allostatic load (AL) as a composite physiological index of chronic stress, and adverse pregnancy outcomes has not been clarified. Objective To explore the effect of AL on adverse pregnancy outcomes in women in late pregnancy. Methods Women in late pregnancy who met the study requirements were recruited as study subjects by using the convenience sampling method from November 2021 to November 2022 in the obstetrics outpatient clinics of the 901 Hospital, Joint Logistic Support Force of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, Jin'an Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital. Basic information such as general and obstetric data were collected through questionnairs, biological indicators were collected through physical examination and laboratory tests, and AL scores of the study subjects were calculated by referring to AL-related literature; pregnancy outcome information was obtained by reviewing the hospital electronic medical record system. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis was used to explore the effect of AL on adverse pregnancy outcomes in women in late pregnancy. Results A total of 354 women in late pregnancy with an average age of (29.3±4.1) years and upper quartile of AL total score of 3 were included in this study. The upper quartile of the total AL score of the study subjects was used as the high-risk threshold, and they were divided into low-level AL (AL

As a high-temperature, high-pressure, multi-phase reaction vessel, the converter is vulnerable to splashing or slag overflow. Good molten pool surge can expand the slag–gold reaction area and enhance steelmaking efficiency. Abnormal molten pool surge can cause metal loss, damage the furnace body and its auxiliary equipment, and even threaten the personal safety of workers working in front of the furnace. This paper summarizes the previous research findings on splashing mechanisms and influencing factors. According to the occurrence principle, converter splashes can be classified into explosive splashes, foam splashes, metallic splashes, and other splashes, among which explosive splashes are the most dangerous and foam splashes occur most frequently. The occurrence of splashing accidents can be generally attributed to the high-temperature melt splashing caused by bubbles produced during the vigorous chemical reaction in the furnace and the splashing produced by the flow energy generated during the top–bottom combined blowing of the molten pool. The influencing factors of splashing are discussed based on six aspects: loading system, slag making system, oxygen supply system, bottom blowing system, temperature system, and safety system, and the foam of slag, oxygen lance blowing parameters, and bottom blowing parameters are thoroughly examined. It is observed that the occurrence of a splashing accident is frequently caused by the coupling of multiple factors. It is mainly one-sided, and hence the cause of the splashing accident cannot be unilaterally analyzed. Currently, no methods are present that can effectively quantify the effect of each factor on the splashing. Thus, developing a set of safety evaluation models suitable for converter splashing is imperative. Furthermore, the author summarizes the existing splash prediction models, examines the benefits and drawbacks of some splash prediction models, and summarizes the prediction principles and some application outcomes of the furnace gas analysis, audio analysis, and image analysis methods. Although preliminary progress has been made in the study of prediction models, there are still challenges that need to be overcome. It is pointed out that the reason why the existing prediction models have not been widely used is due to the low prediction accuracy, short prediction time, high cost, and low practicability. Several researchers have used a combination of several models to predict splash in converter. The findings reveal that various models can learn from each other, and the prediction accuracy of the comprehensive model is higher than that of the single model. Furthermore, the splash prediction model will become more intelligent and refined in the future.

This case reports a rare subclinical primary aldosteronism complicated with subclinical Cushing’s syndrome. A 41-year-old female patient was admitted for adrenal incidentaloma, had no clinical manifestations of typical primary aldosteronism or Cushing syndrome, such as hypertension, hypokalemia, abnormal glucose metabolism. Laboratory tests indicated ARR> 3.7, ACTH

Objective To compare adverse events (AEs) of regional citrate anticoagulation (RCA) versus heparin anticoagulation during continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) through systematic review and trial sequential analysis. Methods Based upon the relevant randomized control trials (RCT) comparing RCA and heparin anticoagulation during CRRT in both domestic and foreign databases, the authors re-analyzed various AEs including at least one of the following episodes: hypocalcemia, metabolic acidosis, metabolic alkalosis, hemorrhage and heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT). Meta-analysis was performed with Revman 5.2 and TSA 0.9 software for trial sequential analysis (TSA). Results Among a total of 791 items, 18 articles were included. As compared with heparin, RCA lowered the frequency of overall AEs (RR=0.54, 95%CI:0.35-0.82, P=0.004). And hemorrhagic risk dropped by 73% (RR=0.27, 95%CI:0.19-0.38, P

Objective HLA-DRB1 * 11:01, as a class HLA-Ⅱ gene, was reported to be associated with spontaneous clearance of HCV in Han and Li population. Our study was to investigate the effects of viral selection pressure and CD4+T cell epitope on the natural outcome of HCV infection in HLA-DRB1 * 11:01 positive infected patients. Methods The positive selection sites and population growth of E1E2 and NS3 genes of common HCV 6a in HLA-DRB1 * 11:01 positive and negative groups in Guangdong were respectively analyzed. The peptide library covering the conserved regions of common HCV genotypes was used to stimulate HCV spontaneous clearance group and chronic infection group using ELISPOT method. Reactive peptides were obtained according to the number of spot-forming cells per well and the frequency of occurrence in different groups. Results The positive selection sites (PSSs) of E1E2 and NS3 of common HCV 6a in HLA-DRB1 * 11:01 negative group were greater than those in HLA-DRB1 * 11:01 positive group. Furthermore, the number of PPSs in CD4+T cell peptide in HLA-DRB1 * 11:01 negative group were also greater than those in HLA-DRB1 * 11:01 positive group; Both groups of HCV 6a had a population growth in Guangdong, and the expansion trend of HLA-DRB1 * 11:01 negative group was significantly higher than that of HLA-DRB1 * 11 :01 positive group. Compared to HCV chronic infection group, the response rate of HCV spontaneous clearance group to five peptides (C-52 E2691-707, C-119 NS31545-1560, C-134 NS4A1669-1684, C-154 NS4B1912-1927, C-159 NS4B1929-1944) was higher. However, the HCV chronic infection group showed a higher response rate to two of the peptides(C-111 NS31497-1512, C-130 NS31650-1665). When HLA-DRB1 * 11:01 typing was considered, there was no significant difference in HCV-specific immune response generated by PBMCs between HLA-DRB1 * 11:01 positive and HLA-DRB1 * 11:01 negative groups. Conclusion This study revealed the relationship between viral selection pressure of HLA-DRB1 * 11:01 HCV infected persons and CD4+T cell antigen epitopes. At the same time, CD4+ T cell antigen epitopes of HCV pan-genotype were obtained, providing basic data for the development of T cell vaccine suitable for HCV pan-genotype.

[Objective] In the context of the inventory of state-owned natural resource assets, we aimed to explore the optimization path of the grassland resource assets inventory pricing system from various aspects, such as the division of homogeneous areas, the indicator system of the inventory price and the price correction system, and finally to construct an optimization framework for the pricing system and verify its scientific value and applicability. [Methods] Indicators such as grassland type, grassland area, hay yield, and grassland grade were selected based on 21 attribute fields of 196892 polygons from the natural grassland resources inventory in Qinghai Province, and the regionalization of provincial grassland homogeneous areas in Qinghai Province were performed based on the regionalization with dynamically constrained agglomerative clustering and partitioning (REDCAP) method. Using the principle of pricing by grade and by type, grassland grade adjustment coefficients and grassland type-specific prices were introduced to form a set of multi-level and top-down “national homogeneous areas-provincial homogeneous areas-townships” grassland resource assets pricing system. [Results] The four national grassland homogeneous areas in Qinghai Province were refined into 23 provincial grassland homogeneous areas, the number of subareas was reasonable and the characteristics of grassland resources of different subareas were significantly different. The grassland prices at the township scale were between the 30% upper and lower bounds of the grassland prices of the national homogeneous areas. [Conclusion] An optimization framework for the inventory pricing system of grassland resource assets driven by the knowledge of natural resource assets and with an intelligent regionalization algorithm as the core is proposed in this study, which can not only support the construction of the technical system, but also aid the value assessment work for the inventory of natural resource assets.

A specific columnar crystal structure is obtained using the directional solidification technique, which has a substantial effect on the optimization of the axial mechanical properties of the alloy. Additionally, the convection phenomenon in the melt changes the temperature field and concentration field at the front of the solid–liquid interface, affecting the shape of this interface. Thus, the influence on alloy properties cannot be ignored. Although the phase field method has more research on the microdendrite growth morphology, the results of coupling the flow field into the phase field and exploring the microdendrite morphology of directional solidification are still scarce. In this paper, the phase field model of a coupled flow field is used to simulate dendritic growth during directional solidification. The effects of the anisotropy coefficient and interfacial energy on the growth of directionally solidified dendrites and the growth behavior of dendrites under forced convection were studied. For the numerical solution procedure, a uniform grid of the finite difference method was used to discretize the governing equations. A combined solution of the MAC algorithm and a phase field discrete calculation was realized. When addressing the coupling of the microvelocity and pressure fields, the MAC algorithm was used to solve the Navier–Stokes equation and pressure Poisson equation, and the interlocked grid method was applied to handle the complex free interface. The results show that the growth rate of the dendrite tip increases, and the radius of curvature and the solute concentration at the root of the dendrite decrease with an increasing anisotropy coefficient. When the anisotropy coefficient is a maximum of 0.065, the wall of the dendrite tends to develop toward a secondary dendrite because of the influence of the anisotropy coefficient; with increasing interfacial energy, the radius of curvature of the dendrite tip increases. When the interfacial energy is a maximum of 0.6 J·m−2, the solidification shows a flat interface advancing mode; forced convection has a great influence on the growth direction of directional solidification dendrites. The directional solidification of dendrites in the upstream direction is coarse and grows faster with increasing flow rate. Additionally, the dendrite growth morphology observed using an optical microscope agrees well with the experimental results.

Objective To summarize the types of rare hemoglobin-coding gene defects and their phenotypes in Chinese population, aimed at providing reference for genetic counseling of couples in childbearing age from areas with high prevalence of thalassemia. Methods By investigating the literature at home and abroad on the prevalence and phenotypes of thalassemia published between 2011 and 2021, and combining with four rare thalassemia mutant genes discovered in our clinical work, the types of rare hemoglobin-coding gene defects in China were summarized, and the characteristics and phenotypes were outlined through International Human Abnormal Hemoglobin Database. Results Aside from 23 common thalassemia genes, rare hemoglobin-coding gene defects have been detected in 11 provinces in southern China. Of the 109 rare α alleles, 41 alleles (including 9 hemoglobin variants) had been identified to cause α-thalassemia, 39 hemoglobin variants, 2 copy number repeats, 5 single nucleotide polymorphism, and 22 new point mutation with unclear function. Of the 160 rare β alleles, 89 alleles had been identified to cause β-thalassemia, 41 hemoglobin variants, 6 single nucleotide polymorphism, and 24 new point mutation with unclear function. Conclusion This study, based on the discovery of rare thalassemia gene in clinical work, explored the types of rare hemoglobin-coding gene defects and their phenotypes in Chinese population in recent years and provided reference for genetic counseling of thalassemia.

Objective To study the application effect of electrochemiluminescence immunoassay (ECLIA) in the screening of human T-lymphotropic virus (HTLV) in blood donors, explore the correlation between COI and confirmed result by western blot (WB), so as to provide scientific evidence for blood banks to select optimal screening strategy and optimize process flows. Methods A total of 1 070 HTLV reactive blood samples by ELISA in preliminary screening in our province from 2016 to 2022 were included in this study. All samples were detected by ECLIA and WB (gold standard), and the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) was drawn to find optimal diagnostic critical value of ECLIA. Results Among 1 070 samples, 285 were positive by ECLIA, with a positive rate of 26.64% (285/1 070), with average COI value at 81.92 and the median at 4.98. A total of 70 ECLIA positive samples were confirmed by WB, with a positive rate of 6.54% (70/1 070). According to the results of WB, the median of WB-positive group and WB-negative group was 312.45 vs 2.76, respectively(P

Space electric propulsion technology has entered a new stage of maturity and full application in China. In order to further promote and accelerate the development of electric propulsion technology, this paper adopted the methods of investigation and comparative analysis and used the power as the standard to classify and summarize space electric propulsion from the three power ranges of "medium, micro, and ultra". It also focused on the application requirements for electric propulsion in future space missions and the characteristics of various technical directions of electric propulsion. The development status and shortcomings of electric propulsion technology at home and abroad were put forward, as well as the key difficulties to be overcome. The main development trend was studied and judged, and the common problems were summarized. Proposals for the development of space electric propulsion technology in the next 10 years were put forward for the reference of satellite users, departments of overall design, and technical departments of space electric propulsion.

Background There are many subtypes of major depressive disorder (MDD) . Evidence about the differentiation of them is mostly based on symptomatological characteristics, but rarely by objective biological indicators. Objective To explore the differences in event-related potential (ERP) N400 between patients with different subtypes of depression, providing an objective electrophysiological basis for subtyping depression. Methods Two hundred and nine outpatients and inpatients who met the diagnostic criteria of MDD in Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition were selected from First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University from February 2019 to December 2021, including 78 with anxious depression (ASD+MD-) , 46 with melancholic depression (ASD-MD+) , 61 with anxious and melancholic depression (ASD+MD+) , and 24 with non-anxious and melancholic depression (ASD-MD-) subtyped using the 30-item Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology (IDS-30) and 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD-17) . Thirty-five community-living health volunteers were recruited as controls at the same time.The factor and total scores of the HAMD-17 and the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS) of all subjects were collected. And the latency and amplitude of N400 component of all subjects were collected by inducing N400 components through understanding ambiguous words at the end of sentences. Results (1) The total score and factor scores of HAMD-17 differed significantly across MDD subgroups and control group (P< 0.05) . The total score of HAMD-17 in each of the four MDD subgroups was much higher than that in control group (P0.05) .There were no significant differences in latency and amplitude of N400 component across different electrode sites (P>0.05) , and there were no interaction between no-depression or each of the four subtypes of MDD and electrode sites (P>0.05) . (4) The N400 amplitude value at Fz electrode was negatively correlated with the cognitive impairment factor score (r=-0.170, P=0.016) .The N400 amplitude value at Cz electrode was positively correlated with the block factor score (r=0.151, P=0.033) .The N400 amplitude valueat Pz electrode was positively correlated with the block factor score (r=0.174, P=0.014) .The N400 amplitude value of the Fz electrode was positively correlated with the immediate memory score (r=0.138, P=0.050) .The N400 latency value at Cz electrode was negatively correlated with the delayed memory score (r=-0.155, P=0.028) . Conclusion Extensive cognitive impairment was found in MDD patients, including impaired immediate memory, speech function, attention and delayed memory. ASD+MD+ and ASD+ MD-patients had more severe symptoms, and ASD+MD+ patients had the most severe cognitive impairment. N400 amplitude value was negatively correlated with cognitive impairment and positively correlated with block factor in MDD patients. But these patients demonstrated no impaired function of speech integration induced by ambiguous words at the end of sentences.

Background Community-based clinical teaching is of vital importance in the training of medical undergraduates, but high level of effectiveness of teaching is difficult to be guaranteed at present. So it is essential to establish a scientific and effective system for assessing the effectiveness of community-based clinical teaching for medical undergraduates. Objective To develop an effectiveness assessment system of community-based clinical teaching for medical undergraduates, providing support for assessing the effectiveness of community-based clinical teaching in these undergraduates. Methods The item pool for the system used for assessing the effectiveness of community-based clinical teaching in medical undergraduates was developed on the basis of reviewing relevant literature and assessment tools, and was drawn up by group discussions. Then the items were improved according to two rounds of Delphi consultation with a purposive sample of 32 relevant experts from June 2019 to April 2020, and used to develop the Effectiveness Assessment System of Community-based Clinical Teaching for Medical Undergraduates (EASCCTMU) . The Analytic Hierarchy Process was used to calculate the weight of each indicator. Results The response rate was 100.0% for both rounds of consultation. The authoritative coefficients for the first and second rounds of consultation were 0.87 and 0.88, respectively. The Kendall's coefficient of concordance for the first and second rounds of consultation were 0.65 and 0.61, respectively (P

Human fat mass and obesity associated protein FTO is the first confirmed N6-methyladenosine(m6A) demethylase, which demonstrated the existence of reversible RNA modification, and also unveiled the prelude of m6A modification research. More and more researchers have tried to explore the specific mechanism of gene expression regulation at the level of m6A modification. It is found that m6A modification function requires the joint participation of methylesterase, demethylase, and binding protein to complete. FTO catalyze the demethylation of m6A modifications on mRNAs and is widely expressed in human tissues and participate in the regulation of various biological processes. This paper outlines the relationship between demethylase FTO and its mediated m6A/RNA modification and the development of body fat tissue, embryonic tissue, brain and neuro-system, hoping to gain insight into the function and mechanism of FTO.

Objective To explore the effect of mobile transfusion closed-loop information system in the whole process management of clinical blood transfusion. Methods The hospital information system (HIS) of Soochow Hospital affiliated to Nanjing Medical University was integrated with the blood information system (BIS) and personal digital assistant (PDA) to build a closed-loop transfusion management process to ensure the safety of clinical blood use. From May 2021 to April 2022, 1 395 patients who were admitted to our hospital for blood transfusion therapy were studied. Among them, 632 patients from May to October 2021 (before the implementation of closed-loop management) were the control group, and 763 patients from November 2021 to April 2022 (after the implementation of closed-loop management) were the observation group. Before and after the implementation of closed-loop management, we compared the implementation rate of double-checking before blood sample collection, rate of transfusion within 30 min after blood issuing, implementation rate of double-checking of bedside transfusion, situation of patrol every 15 minutes, rate of transfusion completed within 4 h, rate of nursing documentation standardization, so as to evaluate the improvement effect of the whole process of transfusion management. Results The implementation rate of double-checking before blood sample collection was 99.48%(759/763) in the observation group and 93.99%(594/632) in the control group; the transfusion rate within 30 min after blood issuing was 95.02%(725/763) in the observation group and 91.46%(578/632) in the control group; the implementation rate of double-checking of bedside transfusion was 100%(763/763) in the observation group and 95.73%(605/632) in the control group; the complete rate of patrol every 15-min was 94.36%(720/763) in the observation group and 90.35%(571/632) in the control group; the completion rate of transfusion within 4 h was 95.81%(731/763) in the observation group and 92.25%(583/632) in the control group; the rate of nursing paperwork standardization was 98.03%(748/763) in the observation group and 81.80%(517/632) in the control group, and the difference between the two groups was statistically significant (P

The steel industry is an important embodiment of national productivity and contributes to the development of the national economy and defense construction as a material foundation. Recently, China’s crude steel production ranked first in the world and in 2020, it exceeded 1 billion tons for the first time, reaching 1.065 billion tons. However, the steel industry is also a major energy consumer and polluter. In the current national coordination to do a good job of “carbon peak” and “carbon-neutral” background, the traditional steelmaking process urgently needs to be transformed into intelligent and green. Recently, as an important branch of machine learning, with artificial neural networks as the basic architecture, deep learning, a nonlinear modeling algorithm that can extract features from data and realize knowledge learning, has been applied in various industrial fields. The steelmaking process is an extremely complex industrial scenario with many influencing factors and high-security requirements. It is also an area where deep learning has not been applied on a large scale yet. Accordingly, in this study, the principles and types of deep learning were compared, and the development history and research status of deep learning in the steelmaking process with domestic and foreign application examples were summarized. The application of deep learning to the steelmaking process mainly has the advantages of simple feature extraction, strong generalization ability, and high model plasticity, but it also faces the challenges of high data dependency, difficult preprocessing, and verification of production safety. In the future, with the application of high-precision sensors, popularization of the Internet of Things, iteration of computing hardware, and innovation of algorithms, deep learning models can be effectively applied to more scenarios in steelmaking, which will promote the intelligent development of the metallurgical industry.

Objective To study the CD4 T cell epitopes in Core and NS3 protein of genotype 1(GT1) and 6(GT6) of hepatitis C virus(HCV). Methods A total of 298 overlapping peptides(16-mer) spanning Core and NS3 protein of GT1 and GT6 HCV were synthesized. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMCs) from 17 HCV+ and 7 healthy blood donors were stimulated by peptide pools, followed by evaluating T cell response by IFN-γ ELISPOT, by which 21 peptides with positive results were found. These peptides were further applied to individually stimulate 20 HCV+ and 18 healthy PBMCs. The differences of responsive frequencies to the 21 positive peptides between the two study groups were compared. Results Pooled and individual peptide stimulation tests showed that HCV+ PBMCs were responsive to the stimulation of 5 peptides(GT1 NS31273-1288 and NS31315-1330; GT6 NS31033-1048, NS31087-1102 and NS31351-1366), with a responsive frequency ranging 18.9%-27.0%. In contrast, healthy PBMCs were not or low responsive(0%-4.0%) to these five peptides. The responsive frequencies were statistically different between the two groups(P

As the cavitation is a long - term disturbing problem in hydropower industry, carrying out anti - cavitation research for hydropower machinery is of great significance for promoting hydropower development and scientific carbon reduction. In this work, the cavitation mechanism and prevention strategy for hydropower mechinery were briefly explained. Based on this, the current research status and application of anti - cavitation coating materials were emphatically discussed. Finally, the current problems and the future research direction of new anti - cavitation materials were prospected.

Objective To learn the situation of the evolution process of HCV virus population and the selection pressure of HCV NS5B in intravenous drug users (IDUs) in Guangdong. Methods 141 blood samples from hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA-positive blood donors and 58 from HCV patients in Guangdong were randomly collected for HCV NS5B sequence amplification, combined with HCV NS5B sequences from blood donors and IDUs obtained by sequencing previously(between 2009 and 2011). Homology analysis was performed by Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis (MEGA) software, evolutionary analysis were performed by Bayesian Evolutionary Analysis Sampling Trees (BEAST) software package. Selection pressure analysis was performed on sequences isolated from IDUs by Datamonkey online software package with Mixed Effects Model Evolution (MEME) method, and the population expansion of species were analyzed using Tajima and Fu neutrality test by Arlequin software. Results The comparison results of internal homology among different subtypes of IDUs in this group were as follows : HCV-3b had the highest homology (97%), followed by HCV-3a (96%), HCV-6a (95%) and HCV-1b (94%); HCV evolution rate analysis showed that HCV-1b had the fastest evolution rate [2.17E-03 substitutions/site/year (y/y/y)], followed by HCV-3b (2.12E-0 y/y/y), HCV-3a (1.58E-03 y/y/y) and HCV-6a (1.28E-03 y/y/y). The analysis on effective population of HCV: 1980~1990 was rapid growth period for HCV-6a, 1990~1995 period for HCV-1b, and 2000~2007 period for HCV-3a. HCV population genetic characteristics was as follows: HCV-1b, 3a, 3b and 6a experienced population expansion, among which 3a and 3b were the most obvious. As to the analysis of HCV selection pressure, two positive selection sites (235 and 243)were found in the 339 nucleotide fragment of the NS5B sequence in injecting drug users, but mutation only occurred at position 316 [mutation rate 1.24% (14/1 130)] among 5 direct antiviral drug (DAA) sites in this gene. Conclusion The evolution of HCV-3b in Guangdong has showed an obvious trend of population expansion, with a high proportion and homology especially in the local IDUs. HCV-3b should be the focus of HCV prevention and control in this region. Given that the positively selected sites of the HCV NS5B gene region of IDUs in Guangdong are non-DAA binding sites, DAA is expected to demonstrate a good effect on these patients.

The mechanisms causing quality variations and key control factors of submarine-fan reservoirs in the gas field X of the Rovuma Basin, East Africa are analyzed based on core and well-log data in this paper. Depositional fabric, lithofacies difference and characteristics of genetic units are the fundamental reasons of reservoir quality variations. In the case of weak cementation, porosity and permeability of submarine-fan reservoirs are controlled by grain sorting and clay content, respectively. Reservoir quality variations for 5 main lithofacies are related to variable depositional fabrics and calcite cementation. Among them, massive medium-coarse sandstones with weak cementation have the highest porosity and permeability, and coarser or finer sandstones have poorer reservoir quality. The existence of bottom current can develop laminated sandstones, improving the pore structure and physical properties greatly. Lithofacies vary among different types, locations and stages of genetic units, and they control the distribution patterns of submarine-fan reservoir quality: the physical properties of channel shaft or lobe main body are better than those of the channel or lobe edge. The sandstone sorting and physical properties are gradually improved from near-source to far-source. When multi-stage sand bodies are superimposed, the sand-mud ratio in the later stage is higher than that in the earlier stage, making the physical properties get better in the later stage.

Objective To investigate the CMV-IgG positive yeild among blood donors in Guangzhou and explore the differences in the efficacy of three test reagents, aimed at improving blood safety and service capacity of blood centers. Methods A total of 630 blood samples from eligible blood donors from July to October 2020 in our center were randomly selected and screened for CMV-IgG by one ELISA reagent.Among them, 180 samples were tested in parallel using three reagents (two ELISA reagents and one ECLIA reagent), and those tested negative were conducted quantitative CMV-DNA detection.The test results of different reagents were compared and analyzed. Results Out of the 630 samples, a total of 598 positive samples were screened out, including 180 samples yielded by three reagents, 171 and 175 by the two ELISA reagents, respectively, and 175 by ECLIA.The results given by three reagents were consistent (Kappa>0.4), and no significant difference in the positive yeild by three reagents was found.In the 180 samples, 11 were negative, among which 3, 2 and 6 samples were negative by all three reagents, two reagents and one reagent (ELISA), respectively.All the 11 samples were tested negative for CMV-DNA. Conclusion The yeild of positive CMV-IgG in blood donors was 94.9% (598/630), suggesting a high prevalence of CMV in Guangzhou. CMV serologically negative blood should be considered when providing blood products to immunocompromised patients to improve the safety of recipients.The detection results of ELISA reagents and ECLIA reagent for CMV- IgG are consistent, but ECLIA reagent has better detection efficacy.

Objective To explore the effect of autologous platelet-rich plasma (PRP) in the treatment of refractory wounds after radical breast cancer resection. Methods The clinical data of 8 patients with refractory wound healing after radical resection of breast cancer, who received autologous PRP treatment at the South District Wound Treatment Center from November 2020 to May 2021, were collected, including age, sex, wound location, wound area/depth, TNM staging, surgical method, postoperative pathology, chemotherapy conditions, PRP treatment, etc. Wound healing time and scar hyperplasia (vascular distribution, color, softness, thickness, itching, pain, etc.) were observed after PRP treatment. The efficacy of autologous PRP was analyzed and evaluated retrospectively based on the above data. Results The wounds of 8 patients healed smoothly, and the granulation tissue of the wound was relatively matured and completely covered by the crawling epidermis. The wound healing time was 14 to 26 (20.6±3.6) days, and all patients had not developed scar hyperplasia. Conclusion The efficacy of autologous PRP treatment of refractory wounds after radical breast cancer resection is fast and effective, and can eliminate scar hyperplasia, which is worthy of clinical promotion.

Objective To evaluate the expression and effect of leucine rich repeats and calponin homology domain containing 1 (LRCH1) in regulatory T cells (Tregs) from lupus nephritis. Methods The 6-month old C57BL/6 and MRL/lpr mice were used to enrich CD45+CD4+CD25+CD127low Tregs from the spleens and kidneys by flow cytometry. RT-qPCR was applied to measure LRCH1 mRNA in these cells. Exogenous Tregs were adoptively transferred into C57BL/6 mice and MRL/lpr mice, followed by detection of mRNA of LRCH1,IL-10. TGFβ(transforming growth factor beta) in exogenous Tregs in the spleen and kidney of recipient mice using RT-qPCR. Furthermore, normal Tregs were transfected with siRNAs to silence Lrch1 expression and followed by the evaluation of Treg-induced suppression of conventional T cell proliferation with flow cytometry. Immunoblotting was performed to find the activation of IL-2 signaling. Results Compared with wild type mice, Tregs up-regulated LRCH1 by 4.13 folds in the kidney of MRL/lpr mouse models. The adoptive transfer assay indicated that the lupus nephritis microenvironment induced 1.98-fold increase of LRCH1, 13.83-fold increase of IL-10, and 3.58-fold increase of transforming factor beta in Tregs. Lrch1 knockdown reduced IL-2-induced p-STAT5 by half, thus inhibiting IL-2 signaling, down-regulating Foxp3 expression, and weakening Tregs-induced suppression of conventional T cell proliferation. Conclusions LRCH1 is a positive regulator of immunosuppressive activity of infiltrating Tregs in mouse models of lupus nephritis.

Crohn's disease (CD) is a subtype of inflammatory bowel diseases and may be resulted from endocrine disorders. Estrogen and its receptors exert an important role in the pathogenesis of CD. Studies have revealed that estrogen can down-regulate the expression of inflammatory mediators while estrogen supplementation helps reduce the severity of inflammatory response. The expression of receptors (GPER, ERα and ERβ) also influence local immune responses, and the imbalance of them mediate intestinal inflammation. Nowadays, estrogen and its receptors are expected to become a new rarget in the research of CD.

The electrical contact is a pivotal component in the power transmission system, whose failure mode is closely related to the wear property of the coating on it.In this work, the silver coating was prepared by air supersonic flame spraying and cold spraying(CS).Subsequently, the reciprocating friction test was used to study the friction and wear properties of the coatings under different loads and frequencies, and the results were compared with the property of coatings fabricated by using electroplating.The scanning electron microscope(SEM)and X-ray energy spectrometer(EDS)were used to investigate the morphology and composition of the worn surface, and the friction and wear mechanisms of the coatings were analyzed and discussed.Results showed that both air supersonic flame spraying and CS processes could prepare thicker and denser silver coatings.The silver coatings prepared by cold spraying presented higher microhardness, smaller friction coefficient and lower wear loss under the high frequency and high load conditions.Besides, the wear mechanism of silver coating prepared by air supersonic flame spraying and CS was mainly fatigue wear.

ObjectivesThe existing combat deduction simulation system mainly implements decision-making based on operational rules and experience knowledge, and it has certain problems such as limited application scenarios, low decision-making efficiency and poor flexibility. In view of the shortcomings of conventional decision-making methods, an intelligent decision-making model based on deep reinforcement learning (DRL) technology is proposed. MethodsFirst, the maximum entropy Markov decision process（MDP） of simulation deduction is established, and then the agent training network is constructed on the basis of actor-critic architecture to generate randomization policies that improve the agent's exploration ability. At the same time, the soft policy iterative updating method is used to search for better policies and continuously improve the agent's decision-making level. Finally, the simulation is carried out on the Mozi AI platform to validate the model. ResultsThe results show that an agent trained with the improved soft actor-critic (SAC) decision-making algorithm can achieve autonomous decision-making. Compared with the deep deterministic policy gradient (DDPG) algorithm, the probability of winning is increased by 24.53%. ConclusionsThe design scheme of this decision-making model can provide theoretical references for research on intelligent decision-making technology, giving it some reference significance for warfare simulation and deduction.

Slopes with dominant seepage interlayers (DSI)often have relatively high uncertainty in their seepage field under the action of rainfall infiltration, which brings difficulties to the stability evaluation.In this regard, probabilistic methods are usually used to analyze the stability of such slopes.For analyzing the reliability of slopes with DSI under rainfall infiltration, the point estimation-finite element method used in the stress analysis was introduced to the slope seepage-stability analysis, and a method for seepage probability and reliability analysis of slopes was developed considering the uncertainty of permeability of DSI.Then, by taking a soil slope with gravel interlayer acting as DSI in Guangxi Province as the engineering case, the seepage probability of DSI under rainfall infiltration was analyzed, and then the slope reliability analysis was conducted based on the seepage probability.Results show that:① In the slope with DSI, the depth of rainwater infiltration along DSI is significantly higher than that along the slope surface; the uncertainty of the permeability of DSI has a great impact on the seepage field, which results in the strong uncertainty of slope stability; ② With the rainwater infiltration in the slope with DSI, the failure probability of different potential slip surfaces generally increases, and the position of the most dangerous slip surface evolves from the upper part to the lower part of the slope. The prediction of the position of slip surface is consistent with the practice; ③The proposed probability analysis method, with the advantages of small calculation amount, is suitable and can be used as a new method for analyzing the stability of slopes with DSI under the influence of rainfall infiltration.

Grain boundaries of high-temperature metallic materials, such as alloys, are often considered weak. At elevated temperatures, the strength of the grain boundary is relatively lower than that of the intragranular areas, and cracks often initially form on the grain boundary and then develop along it, which leads to premature failure and significantly degrades the mechanical performance of the material at high temperature. Therefore, how to optimize the morphology and improve the strength of the grain boundary is key to improving the properties of alloys at high temperatures. A serrated grain boundary is a type of grain boundary with a wave shape evolving from the bending of the flat grain boundary during special heat treatments. For iron/nickel-based austenitic polycrystalline alloys, grain boundary serration has been viewed as an effective method for strengthening their grain boundaries and enhancing their properties. Here, the research progress of serrated grain boundaries was reviewed based on the aspects of formation method, formation mechanism, and their influence on the properties of materials. The methods of formation of serrated grain boundaries for different types of alloys, such as controlled cooling heat treatment, isothermal heat treatment, mechanical heat treatment, and alloying, were summarized. The interactions between the grain boundary and intergranular precipitates, such as M7C3 carbide, M23C6 carbide, and γ′ phase, were discussed in detail to understand the formation mechanism of the serrated grain boundary and how it improving the properties of materials and reveal the driving force of grain boundary migration. In addition, the influences of the serrated grain boundary on the mechanical (rupture, creep, fatigue, and tensile) properties, corrosion properties (hot and stress corrosion), and heat-affected-zone (HAZ) liquefying cracking behavior of different alloys were analyzed. Last, based on the abovementioned details, development directions for future work on serrated grain boundaries were outlined.

Based on the microscopic pore-throat characterization of typical continental tight reservoirs in China, such as sandstone of Cretaceous Qingshankou and Quantou formations in Songliao Basin, NE China sandy conglomerate of Baikouquan Formation in Mahu area and hybrid rock of Lucaogou Formation in Jimusaer sag of Junggar Basin, NE China the theoretical lower limit, oil accumulation lower limit, effective flow lower limit and the upper limit of tight oil reservoirs were defined by water film thickness method, oil bearing occurrence method, oil testing productivity method and mechanical balance method, respectively. Cluster analysis method was used to compare the differences in pore-throat structure of different tight reservoirs, determine the grading criterion of tight reservoirs, and analyze its correlation with the limit of reservoir formation. The results show that the boundary between tight reservoir and conventional reservoir corresponds to the upper limit of physical properties, the boundary of class II and class III tight reservoirs corresponds to the lower limit of effective flow, the boundary of class III and class IV tight reservoirs corresponds to the lower limit of reservoir forming, and the theoretical lower limit of tight reservoir corresponds to the boundary between tight reservoir and non-reservoir. Finally, the application results of the grading evaluation criterion show that the tight oil productivity is highly controlled by the type of tight reservoir, and class I and class II tight reservoirs are the favorable sections for high production of tight oil.

During the Al-killed steel continuous casting process, the molten steel corrosion and the accumulation of alumina inclusion deposits affect the submerged entry nozzle (SEN) wall surface, including the surface morphologies of the smooth wall, porous refractory wall, and clogged wall. The SEN wall surface morphology affects the boundary layer structure and alumina inclusions transport. In this study, a physical modeling method was adopted, and the surface morphologies simulation was realized by filling up the natural porous refractory material and inserting the real clog material in the polymethyl methacrylate SEN model. The velocity in the boundary layer was measured using the particle image velocimetry (PIV) technology, and the alumina inclusions transport path in the boundary layer was calculated by MATLAB software. The MATLAB codes combined the velocity data from the PIV measurement results and the inclusion transport equation. The four-quadrant analysis showed that sweep and ejection events existed in the boundary layer. The fluctuations of the velocity and the turbulent kinetic energy in the normal direction were increased in the porous refractory and the clogged wall boundary layer when the sweep and ejection events existed. The transport of the alumina inclusions with a diameter of 1–15 μm was affected by the ejection and the sweep events. The alumina inclusions moved toward the boundary in the sweep event. During the sweep event, the transport path of alumina inclusions with 1 μm diameter was close to the boundary; the alumina inclusions were more easily attached to the boundary. The alumina inclusions escaped from the boundary in the ejection event. In the porous refractory and the clogged walls, the alumina inclusion transport path in the normal direction was increased. When the SEN wall’s morphologies changed from smooth wall to porous refractory wall and clogged wall, the sweep event area proportion increased from 10.17% to 39.77%, and the ejection event area proportion decreased from 32.96% to 9.24%. Moreover, the sweep event’s probability increased from 25.83% to 28.24% when the morphologies of the SEN wall changed from smooth wall to porous refractory wall and clogged wall, which will increase the alumina inclusion deposition rate in the porous refractory wall and the clogged wall boundary.