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【目的】探讨人类神经干细胞的体外培养条件及其传代的方法。【方法】采用机械方法从胎脑中分离神经细胞, 应用N2 培养基进行培养, 碱性成纤维细胞生长因子(bFGF)和表皮生长因子(EGF)刺激细胞扩增;传统方法和对神经球切割 的方法进行传代培养;应用免疫组织化学染色对培养的细胞及其分化的细胞进行鉴定。【结果】从流产胎脑当中成功培养出 人类的神经干细胞, 培养条件下呈悬浮状态生长, 形成神经球, 绝大多数的细胞表达波形蛋白和Musashi1 两种神经干细胞的 标志物;这种细胞可分化为神经元和星型胶质细胞, 早期的培养有少量的少突胶质细胞;在这种培养条件下, 神经干细胞生长 速度较慢, 而采用切割神经球的方法保持了细胞间的联系, 神经干细胞可获得较大的扩增速度。【结论】体外的培养条件下, 可从胎脑组织中培养出神经干细胞, 它可做为中枢神经系统疾病移植治疗的潜在细胞来源。

【目的】研究骨髓基质细胞脑内移植后的分布和移行,为细胞移植治疗疾病奠定基础。【方法】常规培养大鼠骨髓基质细胞,应用 免疫组织化学方法对细胞进行鉴定, Hoechst33258 标记细胞,立体定向移植到大鼠的纹状体,经过一段时间后处死大鼠,脑组织切片,直接在荧 光显微镜下检查存活的细胞。【结果】细胞移植到大鼠脑内能够长时间存活,移植细胞与宿主细胞有很好的相容性,宿主脑组织的结构无破 坏,移植细胞能够移行一段距离,说明脑内存在的信号诱导细胞向一定的方向迁徒。【结论】骨髓基质细胞脑内移植后,能够与宿主脑组织整 合在一起,无细胞过度增生和胶质瘢痕形成,这种细胞可能成为中枢神经系统自体移植的细胞来源。

This paper summarized the integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine nursing based on integration of medical care for pain management in a patient with diabetic foot disease complicated with erysipelas. An integration team of medical care specialists was established for consultation instruction, evaluation, diagnosis, treatment and nursing. Based on the syndrome differentiation, integrative nursing measures included Chinese herbal medicine application, Traditional Chinese Medicine collapse stains, acupuncture and health education before discharge from hospital were carried out to relieve the pain and improve the quality of life of the patient. (本文总结医护一体化模式下1例糖尿病足合并丹毒患者的中西医结合疼痛护理经验。组建医护一体化小组, 医护相互协作, 根据医生的中医辨证, 从专科方面进行指导, 制订中西医结合护理措施, 开展中药贴敷、中药塌渍、针刺治疗、出院指导等全方面、整体连续性的护理措施, 有效减轻患者疼痛, 提高生活质量。)

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This paper summarized the prevention of blood return after indwelling needle placement and related nursing for a gangrene patient. Key issues of prevention and nursing included risk factors assessment, standard process, selection of proper puncture sites, tube-sealing method, selection of tube-sealing solution and health education. It is considered that taking effective preventive measures can reduce the occurrence of blood return after indwelling needle and improve the clinical therapeutic effect of indwelling needle. (本文总结1例外脱疽患者留置针置入后预防回血的护理经验, 包括风险因素评估、规范操作、选用合适的穿刺部位、封管方法、封管液的选择以及健康宣教等预防措施。通过科学的预防措施, 有效避免留置针置后的回血现象, 提高留置针临床的治疗效果。)

BACKGROUND: With the rapid development of minimally invasive spinal surgery and enhanced recovery after surgery, endoscopic intervertebral fusion techniques have gradually emerged and been widely used in clinical practice in recent years. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the early clinical efficacy of uniaxial spinal endoscopic intervertebral fusion combined with posterior percutaneous pedicle screw fixation in the treatment of lumbar degenerative diseases. METHODS: 135 patients with lumbar degenerative diseases treated by uniaxial spinal endoscopic intervertebral fusion combined with posterior percutaneous pedicle screw fixation in the Suining Central Hospital from October 2020 to December 2021 were enrolled in this study. There were 59 males and 76 females, aged 47-79 years. The lower limb and lumbar pain was evaluated by visual analog scale and lumbar function was assessed by Oswestry disability index before the operation, 1 week, 1, and 6 months after the operation, and at the end of follow-up. The overall pain recovery of patients was evaluated by the scoring criteria for low back pain surgery of Spine Group of Chinese Orthopedic Association and the lumbar physiological curvature and intervertebral fusion were evaluated on lumbar lateral X-ray preoperatively and at the end of follow-up. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) The 135 patients were followed up for (17.8±3.0) months after surgery. There was 1 case of endplate injury, 1 case of cerebrospinal fluid leakage, 1 case of nerve root injury, 1 case of intervertebral cage subsidence and displacement, 1 case of chronic infection, and 1 case of pedicle screw rupture. The complication rate was 5.2%. (2) The lumbar visual analog scale score and Oswestry disability index significantly decreased in the waist and lower limbs at various time points postoperatively compared with those preoperatively in 135 patients (P < 0.05). The scoring criteria for low back pain surgery of the Spine Group of the Chinese Orthopedic Association were significantly better at the last follow-up than that preoperatively in 135 patients (P < 0.05). (3) At the last follow-up, there was no significant difference in physiological curvature of lumbar vertebra as compared with that preoperatively in 135 patients (P > 0.05), with a fusion rate of 95.8%. (4) It is concluded that uniaxial spinal endoscopic intervertebral fusion combined with posterior percutaneous pedicle screw fixation in the treatment of lumbar degenerative diseases has shown satisfactory early clinical results and is a highly safe minimally invasive spinal surgery mode. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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