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文章首先介绍了虚拟专用网（VPN）中提供服务质量（QoS）的两种模型（管道模型和软管模型）的基本概念,然后通过对两种模型的比较,给出了软管（Hose）模型的优点以及实现方式,最后给出了在Hose模型下最小生成树的求解的基本理论和实现算法。

狸獭生殖器官解剖观察──雄性生殖器官潘庆杰，韩行敏，张宏伟，高冰，于兴中，孙风俊（东北农业大学动物系）（黑龙江农业现代化研究所）狸獭（Ｍｙｏｃａｓｔｏｒｃｏｙｐｕｓ）属啮齿目，硬毛鼠科，草食性中型毛皮兽；不仅毛皮珍贵，而且肉、狸獭香、脂肪、内脏等均有...

东北马鹿是半驯养状态的野生动物。近年来为了提高马鹿种群质量和产茸量,人工授精技术的研究已有所进展。与人工配种休戚相关的问题是必须了解雌性生殖器官的构造。有关这方面的报导尚未见到。本文主要就马鹿雌性生殖器官的观察得出初步报导,希望能对马鹿的人工授精提供形态学依据。 1981年秋到1982年春,在黑龙江省绥棱农场的马鹿饲养场进行该项研究工作。共计屠宰母马鹿40余头,我们选择其中18头成

Copyright of Guihaia is the property of Guihaia Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Fudan University Journal of Medical Sciences is the property of Fudan University Journal of Medical Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Ordnance Equipment Engineering is the property of Chongqing University of Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective To explore the clinical value of vaginoscopy in the diagnosis and treatment of uterine cavity diseases in virgins. Methods We retrospectively reviewed the data of 450 patients who underwent vaginoscopy and traditional hysteroscopy in Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University from Jan 2020 to Dec 2023, including vaginoscopy group (n=232) and traditional hysteroscopy group (n=218). The average ages of the two groups were 24.9±4.7 years and 25.5±5.4 years, and there was no significant difference between the two groups (P>0.05). The operation time, estimated blood loss, fluid deficit, false passage, surgical failure, incidence of complications and postoperative pain score were compared between vaginoscopy group and traditional hysteroscopy group. Results Compared with the traditional hysteroscopy group, the average operation time in the vaginoscopy group was shorter, the fluid deficit was less, and the VAS pain score was lower, but the rate of surgical failure was higher (7.8% vs. 0), all the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). In terms of complications, the incidence of false passage in the vaginoscopy group was less (0 vs. 3.2%) and the rate of hymen injury was lower (0 vs. 85.3%), the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the estimated blood loss between the two groups, and the incidence of postoperative infection was similar in both groups. There were no complications such as uterine perforation and air embolism in both groups. Conclusion Vaginoscopy is safe and effective, more minimally invasive than traditional hysteroscopy, does not damage the hymen, and is suitable for virgins. This technology is worthy of clinical application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To compare the clinical efficacy and pregnancy outcomes of CO2 laser and loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP) surgery in the treatment of cervical high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL）in women of childbearing age. Methods Patients with cervical HSIL of appropriate reproductive age (20-34 years old) who underwent satisfied colposcope, subsequently treated with laser or LEEP between Jan 2019 and Dec 2021 in Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University were collected. All the patients were interpreted as transformation zone (TZ) type 1/2, and colposcopy biopsy diagnosed as cervical high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) and received laser or LEEP according to the physician’s advice and the patient’s wishes.The effectiveness of the two surgeries was evaluated, and postoperative cytology, HPV result, and colposcopic pathology were compared. We monitored the surgical pregnancy rate, pregnancy complications, and pregnancy results after the surgery. Results A total of 566 cases, including 233 laser cases and 333 LEEP cases, were enrolled. There was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of preoperative cytology, HPV distribution, or the length of cervical canal. After 6 months of surgery, 91.5% of patients who underwent laser therapy and 86.9% of those who underwent LEEP had normal cytology. The histology cure rate was 91.5% and the HPV conversion rate was 74.6% in both groups. The results of cytology, HPV, and colposcopic pathology had no significant difference between the two groups. The length of postoperative cervical canal was significantly longer in laser group than that in LEEP group [(29.09±3.15) mm vs. (27.05±3.84) mm, P<0.001]. There was no statistically significant difference in postoperative pregnancy rate and pregnancy outcome between the two groups. Conclusion Laser ablation and LEEP produce comparable effects pregnancy outcomes in cervical HSIL patients with TZ types 1 and 2, while LEEP has pathologic feedback, so its misdiagnosis of invasive cancer reduce. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Science & Technology of Food Industry is the property of Science & Technology of Food Industry Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Continue Education Research is the property of Harbin Normal University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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Copyright of Arid Zone Research / Ganhanqu Yanjiu is the property of Arid Zone Research Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Industrial Water Treatment is the property of CNOOC Tianjin Chemical Research & Design Institute and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Science Technology & Engineering is the property of Chinese Society of Technology Economics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Hydrobiology / Shuisheng Shengwu Xuebao is the property of Editorial Department of Journal of Hydrobiology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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Copyright of Journal of Clinical Hepatology / Linchuang Gandanbing Zazhi is the property of Journal of Clinical Hepatology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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Copyright of Journal of Kunming Medical University / Kunming Yike Daxue Xuebao is the property of Kunming Medical Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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Copyright of Fudan University Journal of Medical Sciences is the property of Fudan University Journal of Medical Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

以清凉峰自然保护区1 hm2台湾水青冈（Fagus hayatae）群落样地为对象，利用2006和2011年2次对胸径(DBH)≥1 cm每木的调查数据，对死亡和补员(recruit)动态进行了描述.同时，采用邻体(neighborhood)和空间分布格局分析方法对台湾水青冈群落优势种群密度制约效应进行了研究.结果表明：(1)5年间样地内木本植物个体数由8 439株减少到7 096株，其中，死亡1 430株，新增87株(DBH≥1 cm).此样地中，DBH≥1 cm的所有个体平均年死亡率和平均年新增率分别为3.71%和0.25%. (2)8个优势树种死亡个体主要集中在小径级，死亡个体的胸径显著小于存活个体的胸径.(3)不管是以种群所有个体是否存活作为因变量，还是以幼树个体是否存活作为因变量，邻体分析的结果都得到只有少数树种的存活与邻体同种基面积或个体数有显著相关性；空间分布格局分析得出8个优势树种中有6个表现出受密度制约的影响.

群落组成是影响森林演替方向的主要因素之一.浙江省地处我国东部，属典型亚热带气候，全省植被类型多样，物种组成丰富.为了更好地了解浙江省自然保护区内落叶阔叶林群落结构，于2012年在浙江清凉峰自然保护区(QLF)、浙江天目山自然保护区(TMS)、浙江龙王山自然保护区(LWS)、浙江九龙山自然保护区(JLS)、浙江大盘山自然保护区(DPS)5个自然保护区内选取并建立了 12个30 m×30 m不同落叶阔叶群落样地，对样地中胸径(DBH)≥1 cm的木本个体进行了坐标定位和每木调查.结果表明，12个样地内木本植物共计218种，隶属于46 科，103属，总计8 935株.各样地物种数由大到小依次为，LWS12、TMS31、QLF21、QLF22、JLS31、LWS22、TMS21、LWS31、JLS32、QLF12、DPS11、LWS11；从物种多度和重要值等指标来看，除DPS11群落具有比较明显的优势种以外，其余各群落内物种重要值分配较均匀；所有群落的区系成分以温带成分较多，原生林群落温带成分比例较次生林群落高，属的分布也更为相似；12个群落中除QLF22和DPS11中所有物种的径级分布分别呈“L”型和偏正态外，其余各群落的径级分布均呈倒“J”型，具有良好的更新性；相同树种在不同群落内的径级分布各不相同，表明群落类型与种群动态有密切关系.

继续报道最近发现的一些浙江地理分布新记录，是对浙江种子植物区系资料的补充.新记录共有9种1亚种，它们是：红豆杉科(Taxaceae)的巴山榧树(Torreya fargesii)；胡椒科(Piperaceae)的竹叶胡椒(Piper bambusifolium);马兜铃科(Aristolochiaceae)的肾叶细辛(Asarum renicordatum)；牻牛儿苗科(Geraniaceae)的突节老鹳草(Geranium krameri);葡萄科(Vitaceae)的小果葡萄(Vitis balansana)；形科(Labiatae) 的岐伞香茶菜(Isodon macrophyllus)和山地假糙苏(Parapholomis foliata subsp. montigena)；玄参科(Scrophulariaceae)的华中婆婆纳(Veronica henryi);菊科(Compositae)的紫菀(Aster tataricus)；兰科(Orchidaceae)的叠鞘兰(Chamae gastrodia shikokiana).其中叠鞘兰属为华东新记录属.

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