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Copyright of Chemical Engineering (China) / Huaxue Gongcheng is the property of Hualu Engineering Science & Technology Co Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Power Generation Technology is the property of Power Generation Technology Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The mixture fraction is a conserved scalar characterizing the fuel-air mixing. As a key reference scalar for turbulent combustion modelling, its spatial distribution is usually obtained through 3D numerical simulation, which are, however, time-consuming and costly for combustors with complex geometries. To overcome such low efficiency in the iterative designing process, a low-order model was developed based on the Gaussian plume function to compute the mixture fraction field in the swirl combustor to accelerate the evaluation of the fuel-air mixing strategy and the parameterized design process. Compared with the conventional formulation, the derived new Gaussian plume function includes the effects of convection and corrections due to swirl flows. A mirror image reflection model was further developed to simulate the wall-plume interactions, together with the relevant corrections to ensure mass conservation. This newly derived Gaussian plume model was applied to the low-older prediction of the mixture fraction field in a methane swirl combustor. Based on the database generated through 3D numerical simulations, the model parameters were optimized with the least square method first. The prediction accuracy under broad working conditions was demonstrated. This study not only provides a novel approach for quick predictions of mixture fractions in swirl combustors, but also sets an instance for further development and application of the Gaussian plume model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The liquid jet breakup and atomization interacting with a strong swirling crossflow is of significance in designing advanced aeroengines. The Eulerian-Lagrangian method was utilized to simulate the jet breakup and atomization processes. The volume of fluid (VOF) method was employed to track the gas-liquid interface topology evolution during the jet breakup, while the Lagrangian particle tracing (LPT) method was used to track the discrete droplets and obtain the information on far-field liquid dispersion. The crossflow was designed with different swirl numbers, ranging from 0 to 2.5. Momentum ratio q between the liquid jet and the air flow was set to 10, and the gas Weber number was 39. Under these conditions, both the column and shear breakups were observed. The results indicate that, the development of axial waves induced by the Kevin-Helmholtz (KH) instability was the main cause for column breakup. During the surface breakup, ligaments and small liquid jet branches were stripped from the liquid jet surface, primarily driven by azimuthal shear waves. The strong swirling airflow enhances the jet column breakup process, leading to a lower radial height for the breakup location and a shorter breakup time. However, as the swirl number increases, the radial height of the onset of breakup would increase, which suggests the swirl flow would delay the surface breakup of liquid jets. With the increase of the swirl number, the velocity component in the flow direction decreases, and the jet trajectory in the radial direction increases significantly. The deflection angle of the jet shows a linear relationship with the position of the flow direction, with larger air swirl numbers resulting in a steeper slope. Furthermore, as the swirl number increases, the Sauter mean diameter (SMD) of the entire spray field would decrease, and the liquid dispersion would increase. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Advances in New & Renewable Energy is the property of Editorial Office of Advances in New & Renewable Energy and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of China Rural Water & Hydropower is the property of China Rural Water & Hydropower Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Petroleum Refinery Engineering is the property of Petroleum Refinery Engineering Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Power Generation Technology is the property of Power Generation Technology Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of China Rural Water & Hydropower is the property of China Rural Water & Hydropower Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Advanced Engineering Science / Gongcheng Kexue Yu Jishu is the property of Advanced Engineering Science Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The mist entrainment even flooding would unavoidably occur in traditional towers .Therefore,swirl bubble-cap is proposed,which would be expected to reduce the mist entrainment based on the principle of swirl coalescence and centrifugal sedimentation .In this paper,CFD numerical simulation is used to explore the hydrodynamic performance of swirl bubble-cap,including pressure drop and phase separation performance .The coalescence effect of the ratio of the average particle size at the outlet to the inlet is used to evaluate the phase separation performance .Firstly,the reliability of the simulation was verified with the pressure drop data tested .The RNGk-εmodel was used to deal with turbulence,the Euler-Euler model to deal with gas-liquid two-phase flow,the PBM model to consider the coalescence and breakage of droplets .Results showed that the pressure drop increased with the increase in feed flowrate,the coalescence effect increased with the increase in feed flowrate and then leveled off with further increase in feed flowrate,increased with the increase in droplet concentration and decreased with the increase in droplet size . [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Coal Science & Technology (0253-2336) is the property of Coal Science & Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The desilting channel with a swirling flow is an alternative novel technology for the water–sediment separation. The reason is that the swirling flow can be used to effectively separate the water and sediment. The obstruction of water diversion channels and abrasion of hydraulic machinery can also be reduced when diverting the water from sediment-laden rivers. This study aims to clarify the impact of different water and sediment conditions on the sediment characteristics in the desilting channel with a swirling flow. The physical tests were carried out to determine the expelled, the residual, and the deposited sediment along the downstream of the channel. In addition, the sediment trapping efficiency was evaluated under the incoming flow rate, the incoming flow velocity, the sediment gradation, and the hydraulic conditions. The results indicated that there was a regular variation in the sediment characteristics in the desilting channel with a swirling flow under the incoming flow. Specifically, the mass of expelled sediment decreased, when the incoming flow rates or the velocity increased, or the median particle size of incoming sediment decreased during this time. By contrast, the residual sediment mass increased to change the inflow rate during the sediment trapping, where the maximum variation amplitude was 16.3%. There was a great difference in the expelled sediment mass and the residual sediment mass of fine sediment with a particle size of 0.075-0.315 mm under various water and sediment conditions. The residual sediment was dominated in the downstream channel in the particle size range. Nevertheless, there was little difference in the removal of the sediment with the particle size >0.315-3.0 mm, as the water and sediment conditions changed. The mass of the deposited sediment in the sediment transport pipe increased with the increase of the incoming flow rate and the median particle size of sediment but decreased with the increase of the incoming flow velocity in the upstream channel. The maximum mass of the deposited sediment only accounted for 2.6% of the total incoming sediment. The performance of the desilting channel with a swirling flow was further improved to install the water eliminator in the downstream of the channel, especially in the removal of sediment with a particle size >0.16-0.315 mm. The sediment trapping efficiency increased by 4.6 percentage points, compared with that without the water eliminator. The sediment deposition was also reduced in the discharge tunnel. The desilting channel with a swirling flow presented excellent sediment sorting to effectively remove the coarse sediment from the high-sediment flow. The minimum efficiency of sediment trapping was 76.9% under different water and sediment incoming conditions. As such, the sediment impact was reduced along the downstream facilities of the channel. Therefore, the sediment characteristics of the desilting channel with a swirling flow can be expected to optimize the incoming flow rate, velocity, and downstream hydraulic conditions. The applicability can also be clarified for the desilting channel with a swirling flow under different water and sediment conditions. The findings can provide a strong reference for the design and application in similar engineering. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Clean Coal Technology is the property of Clean Coal Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Clean Coal Technology is the property of Clean Coal Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The effects of feed concentration on the separation performance and particle movement behavior of the cyclone separation column were investigated based on numerical experiments. The results show that the increase of feed concentration reduces the recovery of particles in the underflow, increases the cut size, and decreases the misplacement of fine particle in the underflow. However, an excessively high feed concentration results in coarse particles misplaced in overflow. A high feed concentration means that the particle aggregation degree in the cyclone separation column, and the amounts of particles moving with the internal swirling flow increase. The axial velocity of particles increases with the increase of feed concentration on the Z=-400mm plane. The internal swirling flow region that the particles moving towards the spigot need to pass through increases, causing the increase of the possibility of the coarse particles being trapped by the inner swirling flow. The increase of the feed concentration reduces tangential velocity of particles on the Z=-400mm plane, leading to the decrease of centrifugal force on particles and the increase of the possibility of particles migrating inward, further increasing the aggregation of particles in the internal swirling flow region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Clean Coal Technology is the property of Clean Coal Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Diesel engine has widely been used in the non-road mobile machinery industry, because of its considerable advantages in power, economy, and reliability. However, the working process of an diesel engine is rough, due mainly to the compression ignition operating mode Furthermore, the noise of the diesel engine cannot meet the requirements of living comfort. Therefore, it is highly necessary to reduce the noise of diesel engines. The noise of the internal combustion engine mainly includes aerodynamic, mechanical, and combustion noise. Combustion noise plays a leading role in the total noise of diesel engines, especially for direct injection diesel engines. Combustion noise is also closely related to the combustion process of internal combustion engines. The combustion noise is greater, as the combustion process is more intense in recent years. Fortunately, the noise can be reduced via the optimized parameters and tunable process. Therefore, the in-cylinder combustion process can also be optimized for the noise reduction of diesel engines. Since the pre-injection, exhaust gas recirculation (EGR), and turbocharging technologies cannot be widely used to reduce combustion noise for low power non-road diesel engines, due to the cost, structure, and application object. Therefore, the reasonable selection of parameters can make the matching of "fuel, air, and chamber" more perfect on the basis of existing low-power non-road diesel engine parts, thereby improving the combustion process in the cylinder. In this study, an optimization experiment was performed on the in-cylinder combustion of a diesel engine, in order to ensure the power performance, economy, NOx, and soot emissions of low power non-road machinery, while reducing the combustion noise in the diesel engine. A low-power non-road 4D29G31 diesel engine was used as an original engine. The optimization was made on the nozzle protrusion, nozzle hole number, nozzle hole diameter, and swirl ratio. The “fuel, air, and chamber” achieved the best matching state to improve the fuel-air mixing, the combustion in cylinder, and performance of diesel engine. The dynamic fuel supply advance angle was optimized to shorter the ignition delay time. The combustion rate and pressure oscillations were then be suppressed during the rapid combustion period. The maximum combustion pressure and the rising rate of the diesel engine under the rated condition were reduced by 18% and 44.9% after optimization, respectively, where the noise of the engine was reduced by 0.73 dB, compared with the original engine. The maximum combustion pressure and the rising rate of the diesel engine were reduced by 39% and 40% under the maximum torque condition, respectively, where the noise of the engine was reduced by 1.07 dB than before. It demonstrated that the combustion noise was reduced significantly in the whole diesel engine after optimization. At the same time, the economy and emission performance of diesel engines reached optimal in a low-power non-road diesel engine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Clean Coal Technology is the property of Clean Coal Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Remote Sensing is the property of Editorial Office of Journal of Remote Sensing & Science Publishing Co. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In order to apply rich/quenching/Lean (RQL) combustion technology to the design of high temperature rise combustor, the design of quenching zone was optimized to achieve the best mixing performance. The numerical simulation method was used to study the mixing performance with different pressure loss, jet to mainstream flow ratio, quenching hole and swirler structure under normal temperature and atmospheric pressure. The results show that the best spacing between the quenched holes makes the mixing performance best in the quenching zone. The mixing performance in the quenching zone decreases with the axial displacement of the quenching hole. The mixing performance in the quenching zone increases with the increase of the flow ratio between the jet and the main flow, but there is a critical value. Increasing the diameter of quenching hole is beneficial to the enhancement of mixing performance in quenching zone under the same flow rate condition. The increase of turbulence intensity could promote the quick mixing of airflow in quenching zone. When the quenching holes are located in H/2, the quenching zone has a good mixing performance by using the staggered arrangement and symmetrical arrangement of three holes. In addition, the increase of the number of quenching holes and the decrease of the area of single hole are not conducive to the quick mixing of the airflow in the quenching zone. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Natural Gas Industry is the property of Natural Gas Industry Journal Agency and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Drainage & Irrigation Machinery Engineering / Paiguan Jixie Gongcheng Xuebao is the property of Editorial Department of Drainage & Irrigation Machinery Engineering and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

As an important device for photo-thermal conversion, solar air collectors (SACs) are widely used in auxiliary heating, crop drying and wood seasoning, and regeneration of liquid or solid desiccant. The absorber plate is the core part of the solar air collectors. It is significance to enhance the convective heat transfer between absorber plate and the working medium for the performance optimization of the collector. The introduction of baffle plate into solar air collector extends the heating time, creates secondary flow continuously, strengthens the mixing of fluid, and effectively improves the thermal efficiency of solar air collector finally. However, it is found that the strong flow separation on the back side of the baffle plate would lead to the generation of local vortices. The absorber plate in the corresponding position can not effectively dissipate heat due to the existence of these vortices resulting in hot spots and serious heat loss. Some studies have shown that the swirling flow can effectively generate unstable flow and secondary flow which can strengthen the convective heat and mass transfer process. In order to improve the thermal efficiency of the baffle type solar air collector(BSAC), swirling flow is introduced into this system to enhance the heat transfer with the purpose of eliminating the vortices in the collector chamber in this paper. Axial fans are adopted to create swirling flow to destroy the vortices, strengthen the mixing of fluid and suppress the formation of hot spots which can promote the thermal performance consequently. Numerical methods are used to compare and analyze the effect of the active and passive swirling methods on the efficiency of the baffle type collector, and explore the collector internal flow and heat transfer characteristics. The experimental table is built to verify the performance of the swirling model collector. Numerical calculation is used to analyze the effects of swirling type and intensity on the performance improvement. By analyzing the flow and heat transfer characteristics, the mechanism for performance improvement of the BSAC is revealed. The results show that the improvement of active swirling flow is better than passive swirling flow. Compared with the prototype, the maximum thermal efficiency growth rate of passive swirling flow is 16.03%, and the maximum thermal efficiency growth rate of active swirling flow is 23.83%. With the increase of swirling intensity, the growth rate of thermal efficiency increases firstly then fall, meaning that there is an optimum swirling intensity for a certain scale BSAC. Furthermore, the internal flow and heat transfer characteristics of the collector are investigated. The results show that the introduction of swirling flow increases the heat transfer of the bottom and the working medium and while also increases the heat dissipation of the cover. Therefore, when swirling flow is introduced, the heat preservation capacity of the upper cover can be strengthened appropriately to achieve better thermal performance of the swirling collector. In order to verify the effect of swirling flow on collector performance in the experimental point, a comparison experiment table was built, including basic baffle type collector(control model) and an active swirling flow collector(swirling model). The experimental results show that the improvement of heat collection caused by swirling flow is sensitive to volume flow rate. Under the condition of small flow rate, the performance of the BSAC improved significantly, and the thermal efficiency growth rate is up to 13.24%. However, the improvement is not obvious under the condition of large flow rate. The experimental results also show that the closer to noon time, that is, under the condition of high sunlight intensity, the difference between the inlet and outlet temperature difference of the two models is larger, and the effect of swirling flow enhancement is more obvious. This study provides a new method for the thermal performance improvement of the baffle type solar air collector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Harbin Institute of Technology. Social Sciences Edition / Haerbin Gongye Daxue Xuebao. Shehui Kexue Ban is the property of Harbin Institute of Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Clean Coal Technology is the property of Clean Coal Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The structure and flow pattern of traditional fishway are relatively simple, which is usually suitable for specific fish to pass through. However, there are many types of fish to be protected in rivers. Near natural fishway simulates natural form of fish and is expected to improve fish passing efficiency. Therefore, in order to enhance the meandering and naturalness of fish passing facilities, a swirling fishway structure with curved sidewall and diversion bank was proposed in this paper. The side wall of the swirl fishway adopted circular curve, and the contraction area between the chambers was smoothly connected by the reverse circular arc, which made the water flow close to the natural sinuous channel. The swirling fishway was obtained by improving Taiji fishway. Compared to Taiji fishway, it omitted the Taiji disc and was cheaper. At the same time, the water flow in the pond could be rapid and slow, or deep and shallow, highlighting the effect of Yin and Yang and enriching the flow pattern. Through the combination of numerical simulation and physical model test, the hydraulic characteristics of swirling fishway under different working conditions were explored. First of all, through physical model test, the water depth along the wall and the flow pattern distribution of the two sides of the fishway under different working conditions were obtained, and the effect of fish passing was observed. The accuracy and rationality of the numerical calculation were verified by comparing the water depth data obtained from the physical model test and the numerical calculation results. The CFD numerical calculation method was applied to simulate distribution of surface velocity field and internal velocity field that were difficult to be measured by physical model. The free surface flow velocity, the velocity near the bottom slope and the velocity distribution in key cross section of the swirl fishway were further analyzed. According to the design guidelines of fishway, the basic points of hydraulic design and the gravity similarity criteria, the physical test model was established. After the establishment of the physical model, the water flow test under different conditions was carried out, and the water depth of the measuring point was measured by the water level probe. The results showed that the swirling flow in the fishway was zigzag and the flow pattern was rich. The maximum relative error of simulated and measured water depth was 14.2%, less than the allowable value of 15%. The variation trend of the measured and numerical water depth along the wall was approximately the same. It indicated that the simulated method was reliable. The velocity in the main flow area of the fish passage was not higher than 0.84 m/s, meeting the requirements of fish passage. The fish passage object could be traced smoothly in the fish passage. The slow flow or return area on both sides of the main flow could be used for fish rest, which showed the rationality of the fish passage shape. The depth of the shallowest water increased from 1 cm without diversion sill to 2.4 cm with diversion sill. After scarification, although the upper water flow could still overflow the diversion scarp and enter the pool chamber, the shallowest water depth on the left side of the pool chamber was about 0.5 cm higher than that on the right side, and the water depth growth was smaller. The fishway proposed in this paper enriches the form of fishway and can guide design and construction of similar fishways. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The supersonic combustion flow with transverse hydrogen jet in scramjet configuration with and without wedge structure is numerically studied. The characteristics of flow field structures and parameters under different inlet Mach numbers in the combustion chamber with wedge structure or not are analyzed. The combustion flow is numerically simulated with Reynold‐averaged multi‐component N‐S equations solved， based on the finite volume method.And the properties of shock structure，jet penetration depth，combustion surface，combustion efficiency and total pressure recovery coefficient are carefully compared under different inlet Mach number. The result shows that whether wedge structure exists or not，the pressure of the flow field behind the jet decreases with the increase of the inlet Mach number，as well as the decreases of the penetration depth of hydrogen jet. There is little effect of wedge structure on jet penetration height. Compared with wedge‐free structure，the wedge structure can alleviate the sensitivity of the flow field in the combustor to the change of inlet Mach number and make the combustion more stable. Under the same inlet Mach number，the applicability of the combustor is promoted by employing the wedge‐cavity structure，and the shock igniting is markedly enhanced by the wedge with acceptable reduce of the total pressure recovery coefficient，which can increase the inlet Mach number range of this kind of engine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The vertex reducer located in the compressor disc cavity can reduce the pressure loss of the air system during the process of radial inflow by suppressing the tangential velocity of the air. It plays an important role in improving the efficiency of the engine. At present，the vortex reducers mainly include tube，de-swirling nozzle，fin and baffle. The tubed vortex reducer has the most research and application. But there are some problems，such as large mass and vibration in high-speed rotation. The mass of the de-swirl nozzle is less，but there is also a phenomenon of flow instability. The baffle also has the problems of installation and stability. Some scholars have tried to improve the structure. However，in the current research，there is no theoretical model to describe the total pressure loss. Entropy analysis can be used as a new way to study the mechanism of total pressure loss. Recent studies show that the total pressure loss mainly occurs at the turning point，which is different from the static pressure loss，and also provides ideas for the optimization of the vortex reducer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Drainage & Irrigation Machinery Engineering / Paiguan Jixie Gongcheng Xuebao is the property of Editorial Department of Drainage & Irrigation Machinery Engineering and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Clean Coal Technology is the property of Clean Coal Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)