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Copyright of Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Sunyatseni / Zhongshan Daxue Xuebao is the property of Sun-Yat-Sen University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Nd:TSAG magneto-optical crystal with the size of ∅50 mm x 100 mm were grown by Czochralski method for the first time. The structure, spectra, magneto-optical, and thermal properties of the crystal were studied in detail. Spectral parameters, such as oscillator strength, line strength, intensity parameter Ω1, transition probability between 4 F3/2 → 4Ij energy levels, radiation lifetime, and fluorescence branching ratio were calculated. The doping concentration of Nd : TSAG polycrystalline samples was optimized, and the best doping concentration of Nd3+ (atomic fraction) is 1%. The results of X-ray diffraction analysis of crystal and powder show that the crystal has a pure phase and good crystal quality. The separation coefficient of Nd3+ in TSAG crystal is 0. 64. In the visible and near infrared bands, the transmittance of Nd:TSAG crystals is over 80%, except for the characteristic absorption of Tb3+ and Nd3+. With 808 nm excitation, the strongest fluorescence peak of Nd: TSAG is around 1 070 nm. The refractive indices of Nd:TSAG crystals at 473, 532, 632. 8, and 1 064 nm are 1. 925 9, 1. 915 3,1. 903 8, and 1. 885 2, respectively. The four-parameter Sellmeier refractive index equation is fitted. The Verdet constants of Nd:TSAG measured by extinction method at 405, 532, 635, and 1 064 nm are 599. 8, 202. 8, 152. 3, and 46. 8 rad ⋅ m-1 ⋅ T-1, respectively, which are higher than that of TGG crystals. At room temperature, the thermal conductivity of Nd:TSAG crystals is 3. 95 W/(m ⋅ K). The results show that Nd:TSAG is an excellent magneto-optical crystal and a potential excellent laser crystal. Meanwhile, it is promising to realize the synergistic effect of magneto-optic and laser. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Micronanoelectronic Technology is the property of Micronanoelectronic Technology Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Liquid Crystal & Displays is the property of Chinese Journal of Liquid Crystal & Displays and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Jilin University (Science Edition) / Jilin Daxue Xuebao (Lixue Ban) is the property of Zhongguo Xue shu qi Kan (Guang Pan Ban) Dian zi Za zhi She and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Chongqing University of Technology (Natural Science) is the property of Chongqing University of Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Silicone Material is the property of Silicone Material Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In this study, a thermal conductive light diffusion material with good optical and thermal conduction was prepared by blending polystyrene (PS) and magnesium hydroxide (MH) as an inorganic filler to match the refractive index. The comprehensive performance of the PS/MH thermal conductive light diffusion materials were regulated through adjusting the content of MH and employing the MH with a multi-particle size for compounding based on the experimental results obtained from the measurements on their micro-morphology, optical properties, thermal conductivity and mechanical properties. The results indicated that there was an MH thermal conductivity network formed in the matrix with an increase in the MH content. The transmittance of the thermal conductive light diffusion materials decreased gradually, their haze increased and tended to be stable, and their thermal conductivity was significantly improved. When 30 wt% MH with a multi-particle size content was incorporated, the resultant PS-30-3 thermal conductive light diffusion material obtained optimal comprehensive performance, its transmittance and haze reached 75. 9 % and 92. 70 %, respectively, and its thermal conductivity reached 0. 52 W/(m·K), which is 10 times as much as that of pure PS [0. 05 W/(m·K)]. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High-strength alumina (Al2O3 ) was utilized as a reinforcing phase to improve the strength of hydroxyapatite (HA), a bioactive material, but the HA-Al2O3 ceramics prepared by traditional hydrothermal method could not achieve the precise control of pore size and porosity, whereas the light curing additive manufacturing technology could achieve the high precision molding of HA-Al2O3 ceramics through the high-performance photocurable slurry. The state of HA-Al2O3 slurry is adjusted by the addition of dispersant, photoinitiator, and photoabsorbent to alleviate the severe scattering effect caused by the refractive index mismatch between HA powder, Al2O3 powder, and photosensitive resin. In this study, the effects of the type and content of photoinitiator and dispersant on the slurry were explored. The rheological and curing properties of the slurry are first improved and then weakened with the addition of both, and the optimal dosages of photoinitiator and dispersant are 0. 5% and 4% (mass fraction), respectively. The effects of two light absorbers, graphite and methyl yellow, on improving the printing accuracy were compared. Although graphite improves the printing accuracy and rheology of the slurry, it reduces the printing quality, so the dosage of 5.0 x 10-5 methyl yellow is determined, and finally HA-Al2O3 slurries suitable for high precision printing are obtained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Here rapid and non-destructive detection of tomato root phenotypes was realized using THz (Terahertz) imaging and ensemble learning. Firstly, three groups of tomato seedlings were grown in three sandy soil substrates watered with different concentrations of nitrogen nutrient solution. 12 groups of tomato root seedlings were collected for THz imaging during 20 days of growth. Secondly, the THz pseudo-color map was imaged on the root system after the optimal reconstruction of time-domain peaks. Color value of pseudo-color map was directly related to the intensity of the root system's THz absorption. The noisy data were removed from the overlapping and main root region in the THz maps of the root system, according to the color value of pseudo-color map. Again, the Rosenfeld refinement was used to obtain the skeleton map of tomato root system. The lengths of the root system pixel points were calculated using the sliding window traversal method. Finally, THz time-domain data and refractive index data were extracted from the effective feature region of the root system. The tomato root length was predicted by the Stacking ensemble model. Among them, the first layer of Stacking ensemble model was integrated with the four base models, namely, GBDT (gradient boosting decision tree), XGBoost (eXtreme gradient boosting), Catboost (categorical boosting), and Adaboost (adaptive boosting). The second layer was employed the linear regression as a meta-learner, in order to prevent the over data fitting. A 5-fold cross-validation was used to train the base models. The extraction of root skeleton showed that the RGB three-channel separation was effectively removed the overlapping roots and the spectral data containing noise, in order to fully display the root framework. Therefore, the calculation error of root length was reduced significantly. Only 4.16% was found in the average relative error of tomato root length value calculated by between the THz false-color image and Image-J software. The linear fitting determination coefficient of two types was 0.967. The THz time domain and refractive index of Stacking model were effectively predicted the root length, indicating the better performance than that of the sub-models. The optimal prediction of tomato root length was obtained using the THz data after WD denoising. The optimal determination coefficient of THz time-domain data prediction was 0.999, and the minimum root-mean-square error was 0.743. The optimal determination coefficient of THz refractive index data prediction was 0.998, and the root-mean-square error was 0.976. The length of tomato root system was accurately calculated to predict the root length phenotypes using THz spectra images. The finding can provide a theoretical basis for the rapid and nondestructive detection of root system phenotypes. Further research can be required to nondestructively detect the complete parameters of root phenotype, and then detect the root internal characteristics using THz spectral data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The adsorption and fluorescence spectra of the grown Nd∶GdYAG were measured. The spectral parameters, such as oscillator strength, line strength, intensity parameter Ωt, transition probability between 4 F3/2→4 IJ levels, radiation lifetime, and fluorescence branching ratio, were calculated with Judd-Ofelt theory. The calculated Ωt are Ω2 = (0.813 ±0.200) ×10-20 cm2, Ω4 = (3. 381 ±0. 187) × 10 -20 cm2, Ω6 = (5. 135 ± 0. 278) × 10 -20 cm2, respectively. Compared with Nd-doped YAG, LuAG, YVO4, and other crystals, Nd∶GdYAG crystal has a larger Ω2, showing that the addition of Gd3 + increases the disorder of the host. The absorption cross-section and refractive index in the range of 300 ~1 200 nm were calculated and fitted. The absorption cross-section at 808 nm is 5. 0 ×10 -20 cm2. The refractive index at 1 064 nm is 1. 80. The measured fluorescence lifetime of 4 F3/2 level is 228 μs, which is close to the calculated radiation lifetime of 240 μs. The emission cross-section at 1 064 nm is 1. 23 × 10 -19 cm2, which is close to that of Nd∶ YAG crystal. Addition, at room temperature, the thermal conductivity of Nd∶GdYAG crystal is 5. 992 W/(m·K), which is slightly smaller than that of Nd∶YAG and Nd∶GGG, but larger than that of Nd∶YVO4 crystal. The results show that Nd∶GdYAG is a promising new laser crystal material. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Liquid Crystal & Displays is the property of Chinese Journal of Liquid Crystal & Displays and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Bulletin of the Chinese Ceramic Society is the property of Bulletin of the Chinese Ceramic Society Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In the field testing of electrical oils using terahertz technology, it is often difficult to avoid the influence of temperature on the results. To explore the impact of temperature on the detection results, a self-made temperature control device was used in the range of -30~40 ℃ to perform terahertz detection on transformer oil, 0.01 mol / L methanol, formic acid, and furfural solutions. The results show that as the temperature increases, the peak value of the sample’ s time domain spectrum gradually decreases, and the time delay of the peak also gradually decreases. The absorption coefficient of the corresponding samples gradually increases, while the refractive index gradually decreases. The average was taken for the absorption coefficient spectrum and refractive index spectrum at 1.2 THz and within the range of 0.2~1.6 THz, respectively. Polynomial curve fitting was performed on the average data. An artificial aging sample with an oil-paper ratio of 20∶1 was used to verify the fitting curve. The fitting curve can compensate for the terahertz detection results at different temperatures, providing a reference for the field application of terahertz. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The random fluctuations in refractive index caused by atmospheric turbulence in time and space can cause spatiotemporal blur and geometric distortion in images captured by remote imaging systems, seriously weakening the visual effect and application value of the images. In response to this issue, many scholars have attempted to use multi frame lucky zone methods and deep learning methods based on convolutional neural networks to repair image distortion caused by atmospheric turbulence. However, in the case of strong turbulence, these methods usually have greater difficulty in model training and weaker adaptive correction ability for turbulence. To address the above issues, an improved deep learning network has been proposed through research to enhance the performance of turbulence distortion correction. The network adopts a Transformer end-to-end network structure, utilizing multi head self attention to capture local contextual information across channels. At the same time, the first level correction network is trained using a Monte Carlo Dropout strategy to extract degraded regions that are difficult to capture by traditional methods through model uncertainty. Finally, using the extracted uncertainty map as guidance information, input it into the second level correction network to improve the accuracy of correction. Experiments are conducted on a synthetic turbulence degraded image set based on spatiotemporal blur and geometric distortion, demonstrating the effectiveness of the proposed method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work perfects the general theory of material parameter measurement based on terahertz time-domain spectroscopy system and vector network analysis system. In the cross frequency band of the two systems, measurement conditions for the same quasi-optical parameters are established, and the process of signal parameter measurement and theoretical extraction for the two systems is compared and analyzed. The experimental results verified that in the overlapping area of photonics and electronics, different measurement systems can obtain consistent measurement results under the same measurement conditions. The accuracy of the results only depends on compatibility of physical model, theoretical method, and measurement conditions. The single time domain method has been extended to both time-domain and frequency-domain systems, and formed an empirical theoretical formula for the matching conditions, which can be used to determine the reliability of material terahertz parameter measurement results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

When measurement equipment for marine refractive index is calibrated, the existing calibration methods have problems such as low quantity, high price, and complicated operation. Based on the existing empirical model of seawater refractive index, the dynamic range of the corresponding refractive index was calculated with reference to the dynamic range of temperature and salinity in the range of 0–2 000 m in the South China Sea. This paper also proposed an equipment calibration method for measuring seawater refractive index based on distilled water. The distilled water medium was selected, and within the dynamic range of refractive index suitable for marine measurement, a refractive index measurement experiment with a temperature interval of 0.1 °C was carried out. By comparing with the theoretical interpolation value of the Tilton empirical model, the accuracy of the theoretical value obtained by the empirical model was verified, and a credible data set was selected for the subsequent calibration and application of the equipment for measuring seawater refractive index based on distilled water.

Purposes A deep understanding of the pore structure of cement paste is important for improving the performance of cement-based materials. Methods In this paper, terahertz time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS) system was used to test the terahertz time-domain signal of dry cement paste with water cement ratio of 0.3, 0.4, 0.5 and hydration ages of 7, 28 and 56 d in the frequency range of 0.2~2 THz. The refractive index and dielectric constant of cement paste were calculated by using the delay time of time-domain signal. Findings The test results show that the dielectric constant of cement paste decreases with the increase of water-cement ratio at the same age. The dielectric constant of cement paste with the same water cement ratio does not change obviously with age. The relationship between the effective dielectric constant and pore structure of cement paste is established by using the General Effective Media (GEM) model. Through the fitting of experimental data, the dielectric constant of the solid phase of hydration products in cement paste is 8.73. Conclusions According to the GEM model parameter analysis, the porosity of cement paste is the most important factor affecting its effective dielectric constant.

Acoustic hyperbolic metamaterials are artificial materials with hyperbolic dispersion characteristics and strong anisotropy. Their negative refractive properties are the theoretical basis for studying the implementation of high-resolution focused superlenses. In response to the problem that the recognition of far-field noise sources is limited by the resolution of 0. 5 times wavelength acoustic Rayleigh diffraction recognition, combined with the excellent control effect of acoustic metamaterials on sound waves, a hyperbolic metamaterial that can achieve sub wavelength super-resolution imaging is introduced, and its negative refractive characteristics are used to design an acoustic hyperbolic structure for working at a frequency of 2 271. 5 Hz. The dispersion and negative refraction characteristics of the hyperbolic structure of this configuration were analyzed, and the results show that, the group velocity direction of sound waves propagating in this hyperbolic metamaterial is perpendicular to the wave vector and follows the normal direction of the dispersion curve. The research in this paper provides some design references for realizing arbitrary regulation of sound wave and elastic wave, as well as focusing, locating, identifying and amplifying noise sources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Compared with traditional methane sensors, metasurface methane sensors have advantages such as high sensitivity, stable performance, miniaturization, integration, and multi functional customizability. It better meets the application needs in complex environments such as coal mines. This paper proposes an all dielectric type metasurface methane sensor based on Fano resonance. The metasurface structure consists of periodic silicon nanostructures and SiO2 substrates, consisting of four square silicon ring nanostructures and a central silicon nanoblock. By changing the geometric parameters, the effect on the Fano resonance of the all dielectric metasurface structure is observed. The results show the following points. Considering the quality factor and modulation depth of the structure, the center distance of the square silicon ring should be 1000 nm, the inner edge length of the square silicon ring should be 100 nm, and the edge length of the silicon nanoblock should be 200 nm. At this time, the quality factor is 227.60, and the modulation depth is 99.98%, which is close to 100%. By coating methane gas sensing thin films within the metasurface structure to achieve sensing and detection functions, combined with the extremely narrow linewidth Fano resonance features and significant local field enhancement effect, high-precision detection of methane gas is achieved. The simulation results show that the sensitivity of the all dielectric metasurface sensor to methane volume fraction is −0.953 nm/%. The change in methane volume fraction is linearly related to the shift of the resonance peak, indicating good monitoring performance. The refractive index sensitivity of the all dielectric metasurface sensor is as high as 883.95 nm/RIU. The resonance peak offset is linearly related to the environmental refractive index increment, which can be used to detect changes in environmental refractive index.

As a kind of medium and long wave infrared optical material, elemental ZnS has excellent optical and mechanical properties. At present, the development of hypersonic vehicle urgently requires research on the high-temperature performance of elemental ZnS infrared windows. The high-temperature performance of elemental ZnS at different temperatures were studied in this paper, and the results show that the emissivity of elemental ZnS increases with the increase of wavelength, and increases with the increase of temperature at the same wavelength. At 500 °C the average normal optical spectrum emissivity is less than 0.05 at 3-5 5 μm, and less than 0.10 at 7-10.5 μm. In the range of 2-9.5 μm, the temperature has little effect on the transmittance, but after 9.5 μm, the transmittance decreases significantly as the temperature increases. The refractive index, thermal optical coefficient, and expansion coefficient increase with increasing temperature. Temperature has almost no effect on bending strength. The elastic modulus decreases with increasing temperature, the elastic modulus at 800 °C decreases by about 30% compared to that at room temperature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Piezoelectrics & Acoustooptics is the property of Piezoelectric & Acoustooptic and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Test & Measurement Technology is the property of Publishing Center of North University of China and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Silk is mainly composed of silk fibroin and sericin, and to facilitate subsequent dyeing and processing, sericin needs to be removed through a refining process. The commonly used refining method is the continuous barrel alkali refining method, which means that after completing a refining in a barrel, further refining is needed by adding alkali and refining agent. Initial refining is an important process for refining and degumming, with a degumming rate generally between 20% and 25%. To save materials and improve efficiency, factories usually use the flipping barrel process for processing. That is, the new barrel is first used as a re-refining barrel, and then as a preliminary refining barrel and a soaking barrel. As the sericin falls off, the concentration of sericin in the refining barrel will increase. After 4-6 consecutive rounds of initial refining in the barrel, due to the high concentration of sericin, the degumming rate will significantly decrease, which cannot meet the quality requirements. Therefore, the waste liquid needs to be discharged and the barrel needs to be replaced. At present, some methods for measuring the degumming rate of silk take too long, and some have low accuracy, resulting in unsatisfactory results. The refractive index, as one of the important physical constant of substances, is often used to determine the concentration of substances. In this paper, we intend to use this method to quickly determine the degumming rate and the number of consecutive barrels.Using a digital refractometer to measure the refractive index of silk scouring solution and its main components, we established two linear regression models for sericin, soda ash, scouring agent, and refractive index. The linear regression model for sericin was Y=0.116 6x-0.002 7, and the linear regression model for sericin mixture was Y=0.117x1+0.123x2+0.029x3-0.13. In actual processing, the proportion of various components in silk scouring solution cannot be accurately calculated. To choose a suitable linear model, we made two assumptions. Assumption 1: soda ash and scouring agent have no significant impact on the refractive index, and only the concentration of sericin needs to be considered, and a one-dimensional linear model is applicable; assumption 2: sodium carbonate and scouring agent have a significant impact on the refractive index. In addition to the concentration of sericin, the concentration of sodium carbonate and scouring agent also needs to be considered, and a multivariate linear model is applicable. We simultaneously measured the refractive index of sericin solution at (25±2) ℃, (30±2) ℃, and (40±2) ℃, and investigated the effect of temperature on the refractive index. We conducted degumming experiments in scouring solutions with different refractive indices to further explore the relationship between the refractive index of the scouring solution and the degumming rate of silk. The experimental results show that the refractive index deviation of the sericin linear regression model is small, the calculation is simple, and it can more conveniently reflect the changes in sericin concentration and the refractive index of silk scouring solution. As the solution temperature increases, the refractive index decreases, and the linear fitting is poor at high temperatures. The optimal testing temperature is (25±2) ℃. When the refractive index of the refining solution in consecutive barrels exceeds 5.0, the degumming rate significantly decreases, and a new barrel needs to be replaced. This refractive index method is simple and convenient, and can guide the emission frequency of refining barrels in production, saving energy and reducing emissions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Bulletin of the Chinese Ceramic Society is the property of Bulletin of the Chinese Ceramic Society Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of China Plastics / Zhongguo Suliao is the property of Journal Office of CHINA PLASTICS and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The dielectric materials with different refractive index are periodically arranged according to a certain structure to form photonic crystals, which can control the photon transmission regularly. The infrared stealth characteristic of this material is one of the current research focuses. In this paper, the related concepts of photonic crystals and the development of foreign photonic crystal infrared stealth materials are introduced in detail, the characteristics of photonic crystal infrared stealth technology are summarized, and the development of photonic crystal compatible stealth technology is studied, and some enlightenment for the development of photonic crystal infrared stealth technology in the future is given. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Electric Power Automation Equipment / Dianli Zidonghua Shebei is the property of Electric Power Automation Equipment Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Test & Measurement Technology is the property of Publishing Center of North University of China and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Liquid Crystal & Displays is the property of Chinese Journal of Liquid Crystal & Displays and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Laser Technology is the property of Gai Kan Bian Wei Hui and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Forensic Science & Technology is the property of Institute of Forensic Science, Ministry of Public Security and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Based on the ab initio theory, the physical parameters such as molar polarization, molar susceptibility and Virial coefficient of argon gas were calculated, and the theoretical parameter model of gas pressure about refractive index was established by combining the Virial equation of state and Lorentz-Lorenz equation. The optical vacuum measuring device based on the Fabry-Perot cavity was used to accurately measure the resonant frequency change of the laser in the Fabry-Perot cavity to obtain the gas refractive index and gas pressure. At 105Pa, the relative uncertainty of the refractive index is 1.8×10-11, and the relative uncertainty of the gas pressure is 4.4×10-6. The measured pressures obtained by the optical vacuum measuring device based on the Fabry-Perot cavity and the capacitance film vacuum gauge were compared and analyzed. The results showed that the Fabry-Perot cavity based optical vacuum measuring method has higher stability and accuracy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Geodesy & Geodynamics (1671-5942) is the property of Editorial Board Journal of Geodesy & Geodynamics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of China Textile Leader is the property of China Textile Information Center and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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Copyright of Journal of South China University of Technology (Natural Science Edition) is the property of South China University of Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Study on Optical Communications / Guangtongxin Yanjiu is the property of Study on Optical Communications Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Guangxi Normal University - Natural Science Edition is the property of Gai Kan Bian Wei Hui and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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Copyright of China Plastics / Zhongguo Suliao is the property of Journal Office of CHINA PLASTICS and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The spatial and temporal distribution of the oceanic boundary layer height is determined by wavelet covariance transform method using COSMIC and ERA-Interim refractive index data independently, then the difference between results of the two datasets is comparatively analyzed. The results show that a roughly same spatial pattern of not completely symmetrical distribution of the boundary layer height along the equator is observed for the inversion results of the two datasets. As for the seasonal and monthly variations, the oceanic boundary layer is relatively high in summer. Though no obvious diurnal variation is observed, it should be noted that the diurnal variation of boundary layer height from ERA-Interim data is more consistent with that of solar radiation. The comparison shows that the inversion results of COSMIC data are about 500-1 000 meters higher than those of ERA-Interim data, and the difference is greater in high latitudes than in low latitudes and smaller in summer than in winter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

After adjusting the component parameters of the designed AlGaInN/InGaN DBR structure with a central wavelength of 520 nm, strain compensation was realized and the overall strain of DBR turned to 0. The transmission matrix method was used to calculate the reflectance spectra of Al0.7 Ga0.3 - x Inx N/InGaN DBR, Al0.8 Ga0.2 - x Inx N/InGaN DBR, and Al0.9 Ga0.1 - x Inx N/InGaN DBR. By comparing the structure parameters of DBR, the structure and reflection performance of DBR are optimized. First, high and low refractive index layer growth sequence was compared for Al0. 8 Ga0. 14 In0. 06 N/In0. 123 Ga0. 877 N DBR. For DBR with first grown high refractive index layer, the reflectance is as high as 99. 61%, while for DBR first grown low refractive index layer, the reflectance is only 97. 73%. Then, by comparing the odd-layer DBR and even-layer DBR, it is found that the reflection spectra of the two layers are almost identical, and there is no significant difference. By comparing the periods of DBR, it is found that the reflectance increases obviously with the increase of period number between 20 and 30 pairs, while the reflectance increases slowly with the increase of period number between 30 and 40 pairs. At last, the influence of the material components on the reflection spectrum is studied. It is found that the DBR with high Al component has a large refractive index difference and better reflection performance, while the lower content of In in the same Al component AlGaInN, the higher the reflectivity. Due to the possible deviation of thickness and component in the preparation of DBR, the changes of reflection spectra resulted from the deviation of thickness and components were simulated. It is found that the reflection spectrum is red-shifted or blue-shifted by 4 nm to 5 nm when the layer thickness of high or low refractive index is increased or decreased by 1 nm. While the component deviations caused significant changes in high anti-band bandwidth and reflectivity at central wavelength. The study in this paper provides some theoretical reference for the design and preparation of AlGaInN/InGaN DBR. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A method of optimizing the stability of the resonant cavity by adding an additional crystal into the laser resonant cavity is studied for the first time. The laser performance can be effectively improved by adding crystals with appropriate refractive index into the resonant cavity. In this study, a Nd3 + :Gd0. 1 Y0. 9 AlO3 (Nd:GYAP) crystal laser device was built, and LBO crystal were added into the resonant cavity. The effects of LBO crystal on the laser properties of b-cut and c-cut crystals were compared respectively. The laser performance with and without LBO crystal was characterized in terms of output power, laser wavelength, beam quality and polarization characteristics. When LBO crystal is inserted into the laser resonant cavity, the slope efficiency of b-cut Nd:GYAP increases from 18. 9% to 24. 3%, and that of c-cut Nd:GYAP increases from 2. 87% to 10. 07% without changing the spectrum and beam quality. The maximum output power of b-cut crystal increases from 0. 931 W to 1. 254 W, and that of c-cut crystal increases from 63 mW to 134 mW. However, the polarization of the output laser deflects to some extent due to the optical rotation effect. This research provides a way to improve the slope efficiency and output power of lasers in the cases of the cavity length must be extended such as tuning and mode-locking operations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Environmental Science & Technology (10036504) is the property of Editorial Board of Environmental Science & Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Experimental Technology & Management is the property of Experimental Technology & Management Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

in order to investigate the complex combustion process of me tai pat tides, a 25 kHz high-speed dig tai off-axis Ohio-graphic imaging system was built to study the tote-resolved threadiest visualization of typical phenomena of particles during Al/AP/HTTP propellant combustion. The typical combustion phenomena of AI pat tides in propellant combustion were analyzed by 3RD visualization, including the faking of particles on he combustion surface of propellant, the MicroVAX of pat tide clusters, and the existence of wake flame surface of burning pat tides. Time-resolved threadiest reconstruction of he observed aluminum pat tides is performed by highs affairs holography as we ii. The results show that affairs holography technique eliminates the interference of twin images and can obtain dear reconstructed images of pat tides. tbs in depend-en fly configured reference tight largely eliminates he influence of flame on bight propagation and effectively suppresses he Abe-ration caused by the sharp change of refractive index around the pat tides. The high-speed off-axis holography has strong precut-cavity and broad application prospers in the visualization and diagnosis of solid propellant combustion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Food Research & Development is the property of Food Research & Development Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

BACKGROUND: Previous studies have shown that peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1 beta (PGC-1β) affected the proliferation, migration and apoptosis of breast cancer cells through PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. However, whether PGC-1β can affect the stemness of breast cancer stem cells through PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway and its influencing mechanism has not been elucidated. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect and regulatory mechanism of PGC-1β on stemness of breast cancer stem cells. METHODS: MCF-7 cells were transfected with PGC-1β empty vector, PGC-1β overexpression vector (Lv-PGC-1β) and interference vector (Sh-PGC-1β), respectively. The transfection effect was observed under fluorescence microscope. The relative expression of PGC-1β mRNA and protein after lentivirus transfection was verified by qRT-PCR and western blot assay. The cells of non-transfection group, PGC-1β empty vector group, PGC-1β overexpression vector group and PGC-1β interference vector group were cultured with stemness medium to foster breast cancer stem cells. The formation process of the spheres was observed and recorded under the microscope. Western blot assay was used to verify the relative expression of stemness proteins (ABCG2, ALDH1 and OCT-4), epithelial-mesenchymal transition proteins (E-cadherin, N-cadherin, Vimentin, Slug and ZEB1) and PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway related proteins. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) MCF-7 adherent cells were cultured in stemness medium to form dense sphere stem cells with good refractive index and high intermediate density. (2) The expression of stemness protein in breast cancer stem cells was significantly higher than that in adherent cells (P < 0.01). (3) Compared with the non-transfection and PGC-1β empty vector groups, the formation time of breast cancer stem cells was shorter, and the number and diameter of spheres were increased in the PGC-1β overexpression vector group (P < 0.01); however, the number of spheroids and the diameter of spheroids decreased in the PGC-1β interference vector group (P < 0.01). (4) The expression of stemness-related proteins in PGC-1β overexpression group was higher than that in non-transfection group and PGC-1β empty vector group (P < 0.01). Epithelial-mesenchymal transition protein E-Cadherin expression was lower in the PGC-1β overexpression vector group than that in the non-transfection group and PGC-1β empty vector group (P < 0.01). The expression levels of N-Cadherin, Vimentin, Slug and ZEB1 were higher in the PGC-1β overexpression vector group than those in the non-transfection group and the PGC-1β empty vector group (P < 0.01). The expression levels of PI3K/AKT/mTOR-related proteins and their phosphorylation-related proteins were higher in the PGC-1β overexpression vector group than those in the non-transfection group and PGC-1β empty vector group (P < 0.01). The results of the PGC-1β interference vector group were opposite to that of the PGC-1β overexpression vector group. (5) These results suggest that PGC-1β can promote the expression of stemness genes and proteins in breast cancer stem cells by activating the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway and affecting epithelial-mesenchymal transition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]