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Cleft lip and palate is a common congenital developmental defect, which is mainly manifested as congenital oral and maxillofacial malformations. In patients with cleft lip and palate, jaw deformity often involves three-dimensional orientation, among which the correction of sagittal dysmorphism is the key point and difficulty in its diagnosis and treatment. In this article, we will elaborate on the indications and corrective methods for the treatment of maxillary retraction of cleft lip and palate, and introduce our experience in the sequential treatment of cleft lip and palate maxillary retraction in order to promote the standardization of its diagnosis and treatment.

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BACKGROUND: Studies demonstrated that miR-135a-5p was highly expressed in mouse embryonic palatal mesenchymal cells with cleft palate induced by dexamethasone. The primary cilium and its mediated Shh signaling pathway were involved in the autophagy of mouse embryonic palatal mesenchymal cells. It is speculated that miR-135a-5p may regulate autophagy in mouse embryonic palatal mesenchymal cells through primary cilia and its mediated Shh signaling pathway. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the regulatory effect of miR-135a-5p on autophagy of mouse embryonic palatal mesenchymal cells. METHODS: In vitro, palatal mesenchymal cells from C57BL/6J mouse embryos were extracted and cultured. Cell transfections were set up as follows: (1) the cells were divided into control group, miR-135a-5p negative control group and miR-135a-5p mimic group; (2) NC+miR-NC group, KIF3B overexpression group, and miR-135a-5p+KIF3B group: qRT-PCR was performed to verify transfection efficiency of miR-135a-5p and KIF3B. A transmission electron microscope was used to observe the number of autophagosome/autophagolysosome in the cells of each group. The degree of fluorescence expression of autophagy marker LC3B was determined by the immunofluorescence technique. The protein expression of KIF3B, LC3 and P62 was determined by western blot assay. (3) The cells were divided into miR-135a-5p negative control group, and SAG treated group, and SAG+miR-135a-5p group. qRT-PCR was used to detect the mRNA expression levels of Gli3, a key transcription factor downstream of Shh signaling. The protein expressions of autophagy-related proteins LC3 and P62 were detected by western blot assay. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) After overexpression of miR-135a-5p, the number of autophagosome/autophagolysosome was significantly increased (P < 0.01). The fluorescence density of LC3B increased significantly (P < 0.01); the protein expression of KIF3B and P62 decreased (P < 0.01), and the protein expression of LC3 increased. (2) After overexpression of KIF3B, the number of autophagosome/autophagolysosome was significantly decreased (P < 0.01); the fluorescence density of LC3B was decreased (P < 0.01); the protein expression of P62 was increased (P < 0.01), and the protein expression of LC3 was decreased (P < 0.01). Targeted expression of KIF3B was inhibited by miR-135a-5p (P < 0.01); the number of autophagosome/autophagolysosome, the fluorescence intensity of LC3B as well as the protein expression of LC3 were reversed (P < 0.01) and the protein expression of P62 was decreased (P < 0.01). (3) SAG significantly increased the mRNA expression of Gli3 (P < 0.01), increased the protein expression of P62 (P < 0.01), and decreased the protein expression of LC3 (P < 0.01). When miR)135a-5p was added, Gli3 mRNA expression was significantly decreased (P < 0.01); P62 protein expression was decreased (P < 0.01), and LC3 protein expression was reversed (P < 0.01). (4) These results indicate that miR-135a-5p targets the inhibition of KIF3B and promotes autophagy in mouse embryonic mesenchymal cells possibly by negatively regulating the Shh signaling pathway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Sichuan University (Medical Science Edition) is the property of Editorial Board of Journal of Sichuan University (Medical Sciences) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of West China Journal of Stomatology is the property of Sichuan University, West China College of Stomatology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

To analyze the relationship between the incidence of cleft lip and cleft palate disease and the age of the parents. a Logistic regression analysis on 675 patients with non-syndromic cleft lip and palate who visited our hospital, including 404 cases of cleft lip with / without cleft palate (CL ± P) and 271 cases of isolated cleft palate (CP) was conducted, and the parental reproductive age was recorded. According to the severity of the cleft, it was divided into two groups: cleft lip(palate)(CL ± P) and cleft palate (CP). Unilateral fissure was divided into left fissure and right fissure. Research has found that in cleft lip( palate) (CL ± P), when both parents are older, the risk of developing cleft lip(palate) (CL ± P) in offspring is much higher than when both parents are younger. In cleft palate (CP), older parents are more likely to develop cleft palate than younger parents, but there is no statistical significance. Simultaneously analyze the relationship between parental age and left and right lateral fissure. It was found that the age of parents and the statistical significance of left and right lateral fissure were not significant. Analyses suggest that the risk of fathering an infant with cleft lip(palate) (CL ± P) increases with advancing age. Additional analyses show that the risk was increased only when the age of both parents was high. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of West China Journal of Stomatology is the property of Sichuan University, West China College of Stomatology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Congenital cleft lip and/or palate (CL/P) is a common malformation of maxillofacial development. At present, it is believed that the etiology of congenital cleft lip and palate mainly results from genetic factors and environmental factors. Epigenetic changes induced by environmental factors may be the key factor in the occurrence of fetal congenital malformations. As one of the important epigenetic modifications, DNA methylation has been widely and deeply studied in many fields, but as a link between the individual and the environment, its application in CL/P is limited. Existing studies have shown that DNA methylation is closely related to the occurrence of cleft lip and palate. Stimulation of folate deficiency, smoking, pollutant exposure and other environmental factors can induce changes in the state of DNA methylation, thus affecting gene expression in the development of lip and palate and leading to the occurrence of deformities.

Children born with cleft lip and palate (CLP) are at high risk of disorders involving early speech production, and these problems can persist into later childhood, leading to the emergence of compensatory articulation errors. These difficulties in early vocalization directly impact the subsequent development of children's speech and vocabulary. Studies have shown that providing naturalistic interventions, such as milieu teaching and focused stimulation, for children with CLP in the first three years of life have positive impacts on the speech development of children, such as the potential to increase phonemic inventories and the percentage of correct consonants. In addition to speech and language therapists who perform systematic speech therapy, parents can be trained and supervised to deliver early speech intervention. The percentage of correct consonants can be used to assess outcome measures of speech intervention when combined with other measures, such as consonant inventory and speech intelligibility. However, much recent research in the field has focused on older children. Therefore, it must be determined if intervening during the early phase of typical speech development leads to better results. Future research should use more robust methodological designs to determine whether early speech intervention exhibits a positive impact on the speech and future physical and mental development of children with CLP.

Copyright of China Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery is the property of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, College of Stomatology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective To investigate the biomechanical effects of upper lip pressure on the maxilla in patients with a unilateral alveolar cleft and provide evidence for clinical diagnosis and treatment. Methods A 3D finite element maxillary model was generated based on cone beam CT (CBCT) data from an 11-year-old female patient with a unilateral alveolar cleft. Two different kinds of upper lip pressure, postsurgery pressure and normal pressure, were applied to the model. The displacement and stress of each reference node were compared and analyzed. Results By loading upper lip pressure, the maxillary alveolar crest rotated toward the defect and was displaced downward and backward. The displacement of the noncleft side was greater than that of the cleft side and it decreased gradually from the anterior to the posterior. The stress was concentrated on the anterior portion of the alveolar crest. The stress on the noncleft side was greater than that on the cleft side and it decreased gradually from the anterior to the posterior. The maximum stress was concentrated on the palate around the defect. The displacement and stress in the postsurgery group were greater than those of the normal group (P

Copyright of China Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery is the property of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, College of Stomatology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective To investigate the endoscopic transoral - medial pterygomandibular fold approach anatomic procedures for jugular foramen, and to analyze the clinical feasibility of this approach. Methods and Results In the anatomical laboratory of the Surgical Treatment Technology Innovation Unit of Nasal Skull Base Tumor in Eye & ENT Hospital of Fudan University, a total of 5 specimens of necroheads (10 sides) were taken as research objects to simulate the anatomical steps of entering the jugular foramina and its adjacent structures through the oral pterygomandibular fold medial approach, and observe and describe important anatomical markers. 1) Anatomical procedures of the jugular foramen: firstly, the soft palate mucosa and suprapharyngeal retractive muscle were cut through the medial incision of pterygomandibular fold to enter anterior parapharyngeal space, the adipose tissue in the space was removed, and the stylopharyngeal fascia and stylopharyngeal muscle group were exposed. After the stylopharyngeal fascia was removed, the internal carotid artery (ICA) was further exposed and the jugular foramen was exposed. 2) The jugular foramen and its adjacent anatomical structures: the upper boundary of the jugular foramen was jugular bulbous fossa, the anterior was ICA, the anterolateral lateral was styloid process, the posterolateral boundary was the lateral rectus of head and transverse process of atlas, the medial boundary was the hypoglossal nerve and medial of occipital condyle, and the lateral boundary was the mastoid, digastric and facial nerves. Conclusions Endoscopic transoral-medial pterygomandibular fold approach for jugular foramen has better visual field, wider exposure range and shorter path. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To investigate the efficacy of two-dimensional ( 2D) ultrasound combined with three-dimensional (3D) ultrasonic free anatomical imaging (Omni View) technology in the treatment of fetal cleft lip and palate. Methods 37 434 pregnant women who underwent prenatal ultrasound examination in the Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University from January 2018 to December 2022 were selected as study subjects. All pregnant women were examined by 2D ultrasound alone and combined with 3D OmniView. Taking the results of natural delivery or induced labor as the gold standard， the diagnostic accuracy of 2D ultrasound and 2D ultrasound combined with 3D Omni View of fetal cleft lip and palate was compared. ResultsA total of 70 cases of fetal cleft lip and palate were confirmed by natural delivery or labor induction，53 cases were confirmed by 2D ultrasound， and 64 cases were confirmed by 2D ultrasound combined with 3D Omni View technology，the difference between the two was statistically significant (χ2 = 6.295，P = 0.012) . Conclusion2D ultrasound combined with threedimensional Omni View，which can visually display the location of lesions and significantly improve the detection rate of fetal cleft lip and palate，can help clinicians in evaluation and consultation of pregnant women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of West China Journal of Stomatology is the property of Sichuan University, West China College of Stomatology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Dental and craniofacial bone development is a highly coordinated process that is tightly controlled by genetics and influenced by complex environments. The abnormal regulation of many development-related signaling molecules may lead to abnormal tooth development, severe craniofacial bone formation disorders, and developmental deformities. Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) is widely expressed in vivo and participates in many cellular biological processes, showing complex regulatory roles in mammalian craniofacial bone growth and tooth development. In tooth development, abnormal TGF-β signaling can lead to the failure of tooth germ formation, and its deletion mutation can directly affect odontoblast differentiation and enamel formation defects. However, the current research on TGF-β mainly focuses on the early stage of tooth development, and a comprehensive and systematic study of TGF-β-related tooth development is lacking. TGF-β signal transduction mainly controls the development of teeth and craniofacial bone by regulating the expression of development-related molecules via the classical Smad-dependent signaling pathway. In addition, the nonclassical mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway also participates in this process. Abnormal TGF-β signaling may cause jaw development disorders, temporomandibular joint dysplasia and inflammation, and cleft palate. Because the specific regulatory mechanism of TGF-β in craniofacial bone development has not been fully elucidated, its specific application in the treatment of related diseases is also greatly limited. This paper describes the new research progress of TGF-β in the development of teeth, jaws, temporomandibular joints and palate as well as related diseases.

Fibroblast growth factor 8 (FGF8) is a kind of secretory polypeptide that has crucial roles in the development of various tissues and organs. Current studies have found that FGF8 can regulate the differentiation of cranial neural crest cells by activating the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway and affect the establishment of mandibular arch polarity and the development of craniofacial symmetry by regulating the expression of target genes. Cleft lip with or without cleft palate, ciliopathies, macrostomia and agnathia are four developmental malformations involving the craniofacial region that seriously affect the quality of life of patients. The abnormal FGF8 signal caused by gene mutation, abnormal protein conformation or expression is closely related to the occurrence of craniofacial malformations, but the molecular mechanism and signaling pathway underlying these malformations have not been fully elucidated. Craniofacial development is a complex process mediated by a variety of signaling molecules. In the future, the role of various signaling molecules in craniofacial development and malformations need to be explored to provide a new perspective and vision for the prevention and treatment of these craniofacial malformations.

Copyright of China Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery is the property of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, College of Stomatology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of West China Journal of Stomatology is the property of Sichuan University, West China College of Stomatology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of West China Journal of Stomatology is the property of Sichuan University, West China College of Stomatology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

BACKGROUND: The clinical application of 3D printing technology provides an effective auxiliary means for precise and personalized treatment of cleft lip and palate. OBJECTIVE: To summarize the application status of 3D printing in the diagnosis and treatment of cleft lip and palate, and look forward to the application prospect of 3D printing technology in the precise and personalized treatment of cleft lip and palate. METHODS: CNKI, Wanfang and PubMed databases were searched by computer, with “cleft lip, cleft palate, cleft lip and palate, 3D Printing” as Chinese retrieval terms, and “cleft lip, cleft palate, printing, three-dimensional” as English retrieval terms. A total of 77 relevant articles were retrieved, and 68 articles were finally included for summary and induction according to inclusion and exclusion criteria, including the classification, treatment and application status of 3D printing technology of cleft lip and palate. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) In the preoperative (postoperative) orthodontic and shaping, 3D printing offers personalized treatments. With the increase of bioactivator, a variety of correctional implement new strategy of manufacturing appeared, including the use of new materials and coatings, so that 3D printing and correcting device has bacteriostatic action, which enhances the treatment effect. However, the strength, hardness and long-term effectiveness of orthodontic materials need to be further explored. (2) In the process of surgical planning and simulation, 3D printed guide and computer-aided virtual surgery system were introduced to plan surgical guidelines, which helped the surgeon to perform surgical operations more accurately and reduced the difficulty of surgery. However, the auxiliary treatment mainly targeted at bone tissue and played a weak role in the soft tissue of cleft lip and palate. (3) In the art of the implants, biological materials with personalized tissue engineering structure are hot research materials for implantation and repair of bony fissures in patients with cleft lip and palate due to good bone guide, bone regeneration, and the three-dimensional space structure that fits the bone tissue. However, its biocompatibility and safety in the treatment process are not in-depth study. (4) In terms of surgical training and education, 3D printed anatomical models can help medical workers better learn the theoretical knowledge and surgical skills related to cleft lip and palate, and they can also serve as a good tool for doctor-patient communication. (5) Therefore, 3D printing technology, computer-aided virtual surgery system, and personalized biological materials with tissue engineering structure for treatment of cleft lip and palate can promote the transformation from experience treatment to personalized and precise treatment of cleft lip and palate, and achieve the treatment effect of cleft lip and palate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Society: Chinese Journal of Sociology / Shehui is the property of Society: Chinese Journal of Sociology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In many undeveloped areas of Guizhou Province, due to the lower economy, some children with cleft lip and palate, hand and foot deformities, and burn injury cannot get timely and effective medical treatment. Since 2016, the Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery of Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University has held "Zunyi International Public Benefit Activities" for children with cleft lip and palate from poor families every year, and promoted the normalization of this activity. In 2016, 2019, 2020, 2021 and 2022, this public benefit activities for pediatric patients with hand and foot deformities were held respectively. In 2019, the project of "Care for Stay-at-home Children with Burn Injury from Poor Families in Southwest China" (Guizhou) was jointly held with the "Xu Rongxiang Regeneration Life Public Welfare Fund of the Red Cross Society of China". Everything is for the people's health, and the staff in our department sincerely protect the people's health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To delve into the intricate relationship between common genetic variations across the entire genome and the risk of non-syndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate (NSCL/P)., Methods: Utilizing summary statistics data from genome-wide association studies (GWAS), a thorough investigation to evaluate the impact of common variations on the genome were undertook. This involved assessing single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) heritability across the entire genome, as well as within specific genomic regions. To ensure the robustness of our analysis, stringent quality control measures were applied to the GWAS summary statistics data. Criteria for inclusion encompassed the absence of missing values, a minor allele frequency ≥1%, P -values falling within the range of 0 to 1, and clear SNP strand orientation. SNP meeting these stringent criteria were then meticulously included in our analysis. The SNP heritability of NSCL/P was calculated using linkage disequilibrium score regression. Additionally, hierarchical linkage disequilibrium score regression to partition SNP heritability within coding regions, promoters, introns, enhancers, and super enhancers were employed, and the enrichment levels within different genomic regions using LDSC (v1.0.1) software were further elucidated., Results: Our study drew upon GWAS summary statistics data obtained from 806 NSCL/P trios, comprising a total of 2 418 individuals from the Chinese population. Following rigorous quality control procedures, 490 593 out of 492 993 SNP were deemed suitable for inclusion in SNP heritability calculations. The observed SNP heritability of NSCL/P was 0.55 (95% CI : 0.28-0.82). Adjusting for the elevated disease pre-valence within our sample, the SNP heritability scaled down to 0.37 (95% CI : 0.19-0.55) based on the prevalence observed in the general Chinese population. Notably, our enrichment analysis unveiled significant enrichment of SNP heritability within enhancer regions (15.70, P =0.04) and super enhancer regions (3.18, P =0.03)., Conclusion: Our study sheds light on the intricate interplay between common genetic variations and the risk of NSCL/P in the Chinese population. By elucidating the SNP heritability landscape across different genomic regions, we contribute valuable insights into the genetic basis of NSCL/P. The significant enrichment of SNP heritability within enhancer and super enhancer regions underscores the potential role of these regulatory elements in shaping the genetic susceptibility to NSCL/P. This paves the way for further research aimed at uncovering novel genetic pathogenic factors underlying NSCL/P pathogenesis.

Copyright of West China Journal of Stomatology is the property of Sichuan University, West China College of Stomatology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective This study aimed to explore the associations between soluble epoxide hydrolase 2 gene (EPHX2) variants and non-syndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate (NSCL/P) in Chinese Han population. Methods We recruited 159 NSCL/P cases from Chinese Han population and carried out targeted resequencing using the whole genome sequencing data of 542 healthy Chinese individuals from Novegene internal database as controls. We classified EPHX2 variants as common or rare according to their minor allele frequency and performed an association analysis for common variations and a burden analysis for rare variations. Results The lowest P-value in NSCL/P was observed at rs57699806 (P=0.000 13, OR=2.849 and 95% CI: 1.691-4.800), followed by rs4732723 (P=0.006 50, OR=0.662 and 95%CI: 0.491-0.892), rs7829267 (P=0.009 20, OR=1.496 and 95%CI: 1.117-2.005), rs721619 (P=0.011 00, OR=1.474 and 95%CI: 1.098-1.980), and rs7816586 (P=0.040 00, OR=1.310 and 95%CI: 1.015-1.691). The odds ratios suggested the C allele at rs4732723 as a protective factor for NSCL/P and the reference alleles at other single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) as the risk factors for NSCL/P. Burden analysis showed no statistical significance (P>0.05). Conclusion Through targeted resequencing, this study identified five SNPs named rs57699806, rs4732723, rs7829267, rs721619, and rs7816586 around the region of EPHX2 gene associated with NSCL/P in Chinese Han population. Four SNPs of rs57699806, rs4732723, rs7829267, and rs7816586 were first identified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To explore the clinical effect of rotating mucoperiosteal flap in repairing "U" type wide cleft palate with two flaps. Methods The operation was performed under general anesthesia and oral intubation, opened the mouth with an opener. The incision line was designed based on the two flap method. The incision line was cut along the incision line, the mucoperiosteal flap was stripped, the greater palatine neurovascular bundle was freed, the palatal aponeurosis was cut off, and the levator veli palatini muscle was freed and repaired. There was a rhomboid-shaped defect at the junction of the soft and hard palate when the oral mucosa was sutured. The mucosal flap on one side of the hard palate was rotated inward and backward to make the mucoperiosteal flap at the front of the fissure rotate to the rhombus defect, to cover and repair the defect. Results All 13 patients completed the repair successfully. No bleeding or respiratory obstruction occurred after operation. Follow-up for 6-36 months showed that the wounds healed well without palatal fistula. Conclusion The application of a rotating mucoperiosteal flap in the repair of "U" type wide cleft palate with two flaps is simple, which can reduce the free length of the neurovascular bundle and the tension of the palatal flap closure. The mucosal tissue surrounding the nasal suture line is more conducive to healing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of China Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery is the property of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, College of Stomatology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of West China Journal of Stomatology is the property of Sichuan University, West China College of Stomatology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Modern Laboratory Medicine is the property of Journal of Modern Laboratory Medicine Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Autologous fat transplantation in the treatment of velopharyngeal insufficiency has the advantages of good histocompatibility, small local trauma, few complications, reversible operation and simple postoperative nursing, which can effectively increase the velopharyngeal closure area. If the clinical effect is poor, other surgical methods can be used at any time for replacement. Although there are many advantages in the treatment of velopharyngeal insufficiency with autologous fat transplantation, there are still some problems in the selection of indication, donor site, injection dose, recipient site, follow-up evaluation, complications and prevention and treatment. Current research shows that autologous fat transplantation is mainly used in patients with mild or moderate velopharyngeal insufficiency, but with the improvement of fat acquisition and treatment techniques, the indications for autologous fat transplantation continue to expand, and autologous fat transplantation combined with palatoplasty or pharyngoplasty has been proposed for the treatment of severe velopharyngeal insufficiency. However, there are complications, such as fat absorption and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. In addition, the application of autologous fat transplantation in severe VPI patients and how to improve the long-term stability of autologous fat transplantation need further study.

Postoperative fistulae are one of the most significant complications of cleft palate repair. They usually has an adverse effect on patients’ oral hygiene, speech and even mental health. There has been a wide range of rates of fistula occurrence, from 0.8%-60%, with the classification and definition of fistulae differing from one author to the next. In this paper, the definition and classification of palatal fistulae and their reconstruction method are reviewed. At present, there is a lack of a consistent definition of palatal fistulae and a classification that can fully reflect the characteristics of palatal fistula. Adjacent flap is mainly used for repairing small fistulae with an adequate amount of surrounding tissue; anteriorly based dorsal tongue flaps are a safe and reliable method for large fistulae; free flap is beneficial for refractory and complicated palatal fistulae that are difficult to repair by the local and pedicle flap; and different synthetic materials are used in multilayer repair of fistulae; among them, composite polymer membrane is highly biocompatible, promoting cell attachment and proliferation in animal models, but its security in the human body needs further research.

Nonsyndromic cleft lip with/without cleft palate is a common congenital birth defect of the maxillofacial region. The pathogenic mechanism is related to the interaction of genes and environmental factors. At present, there are many studies on genes, and genome-wide association analysis has found that the new susceptibility gene v-maf musculoaponeurotic fibrosarcoma oncogene homolog B (MAFB) is associated with the development of nonsyndromic cleft lip with/without cleft palate. This paper reviews the research progress on the correlation between single nucletide polymorphism(SNPs) in MAFB and nonsyndromic cleft lip with/without cleft palate. The results of this review reveal how the MAFB gene is expressed and differentiated in various cell types and plays an important role in maintaining the development of various organs, such as the brain, pancreas, and parathyroid glands. The MAFB gene is significantly associated with the occurrence of nonsyndromic cleft lip with/without cleft palate in the Asian population. rs13041247, rs11696257, rs17820943 and other teratopoietic single nucleotide loci are the most commonly studied teratopoietic single nucleotide loci, and the research conclusions on the correlation between SNPs in MAFB genes are obviously different in different populations. The interaction between the MAFB gene and other susceptibility genes leads to the occurrence of nonsyndromic cleft lip with/without cleft palate; nevertheless, more in-depth research is needed on specific mechanisms and approaches based on the relationship between these two factors

Objective: To analyze perioperative psychological needs of parents of cleft lip and palate patients. Methods　 Using the family function assessment scale, a questionnaire survey was conducted on the parents of 65 patients with cleft lip and palate who were randomly selected during hospitalization from January 2017 to December 2018. The survey involved the psychological needs of the parents of children with cleft lip and palate, including the degree of worry about surgery, the degree of understanding of cleft lip and palate disease knowledge, the level of family education, how to encourage children, how to enhance children’s resilience and how to improve children’s mental health. Results　 Among the six psychological needs of parents of patients with cleft lip and palate, more than half of the parents of children are generally worried about cleft lip and palate surgery （50.77%）; the education level of children’s families is mainly junior middle school or below （53.85%）,and nearly half of the parents’ knowledge of cleft lip and palate disease is mainly expressed as general knowledge （44.62%）. As for how to increase the understanding degree of children’s stress resistance, how to encourage the understanding degree of children’s advantages and how to improve the understanding degree of children’s mental health, most of the parents of children showed little understanding （ 40.00%, 47.69% and 46.15%, respectively. The correlation analysis showed that among the six psychological needs of parents of patients with cleft lip and palate, parents’ understanding of disease knowledge, how to encourage their children and how to enhance their children’ s resistance were significantly positively correlated with how to improve their children’s mental health （P < 0.01）; there was a significant positive correlation among the three （ P < 0.01） . There was also a significant positive correlation between family education level and the three （P < 0.01） . There was a significant positive correlation between parents’ knowledge of cleft lip and palate disease and family education level （ r = 0.361）, how to encourage children with advantages （r = 0.534） and how to enhance children’s stress resistance （r = 0.696） （P < 0.01). Conclusion　 It is of great significance to carry out psychological intervention for parents of children with cleft lip and palate during the perioperative period to improve their understanding of the disease knowledge, to help parents in the perioperative period to encourage their children’s advantages, and to guide parents to cultivate their children’s ability to cope with adversity, so as to improve the clinical psychological treatment level of parents and children with cleft lip and palate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Orthodontic treatment for dentofacial deformity is fundamental throughout the entire management process of cleft lip and palate. Orthodontist is one of those who are indispensable in the comprehensive multidisciplinary cleft team. Cleft lip and palate patients have unique dentofacial characteristics which makes the treatment goals and strategies different from those of other patients in different stages. For newborns with cleft lip and palate, the main treatment includes presurgical orthopedics. For patients in their primary dentition stage, the treatment mainly focuses on the prevention of bad oral habits and severe malocclusion. For those in their mixed dentition stage, the treatment mainly consists of dentition preparation for alveolar bone grafting and skeletal growth modification. For patients in their permanent dentition stage, treatment strategies include orthodontic camaflouge treatment, combined orthodontic-orthognathic approach and segmental alveolar distraction osteogenesis. In addition to routine orthodontic treatment, orthodontists should pay special attention to managing the compliance of cleft lip and palate patients with unique psychological characteristics. By summarizing the state-of-art cleft lip and palate orthodontic care in the multidisciplinary team, this review aims to involve more orthodontic clinicians to join in the modern biopsychosocial medical practice of cleft lip and palate team approach and to improve the standard of care for cleft lip and palate patients.

Turner syndrome has characteristic maxillofacial abnormalities associated with a variety of diseases, including conductive hearing loss, feeding difficulties, sleep apnea, and vocal abnormalities. The maxillofacial characters of Turner syndrome can be quantitatively studied by cephalometric study. Prenatal diagnosis can also be performed by maxillofacial abnormalities. These abnormalities may be related to genes affecting the development of the first pharyngeal arch on the X chromosome, such as SHOX; may also be associated with genes on the X chromosome that affect histone modifications, such as HDAC8. Long-term growth hormone therapy has an enhanced effect on craniofacial development in patients with Turner syndrome, and a significant improvement on mandibular growth. However, growth hormone therapy can not completely normalize maxillofacial abnormalities. Maxillofacial abnormalities in patients with Turner syndrome should draw more attention due to its diagnostic value, associated disease risk and treatable potential.

Objective: Congenital cleft lip and palate is a common birth defect that seriously affects the lives of the afflicted children and their families. Previously, no research has been done to investigate the pathogenic characteristics of cleft lip and palate among ethnic minorities, for example, Tibetans, a minority ethnic group with a large population in China. This study aims to investigate the relationship between the occurrence of cleft lip and palate in Tibetans and Han Chinese in western China and the distribution of ABO blood groups and Rh blood groups to provide a theoretical basis for the precise prevention and treatment of cleft lip and palate., Methods: In this study, statistics on Tibetan patients with cleft lip and palate, some Han patients with cleft lip and palate, and normal controls from western China were retrospectively collected. All participants were patients from West China Stomatology Hospital, Sichuan University. All patients with cleft lip and palate received treatment at the hospital between January 2016 and September 2023. The normal controls were outpatients or inpatients who did not have cleft lip and palate, and who received treatment at the hospital between January 2020 and October 2023. Information on the A, B, O, and AB blood groups and Rh positive and negative blood groups of the patients was collected and compared with that of the normal controls. The incidence of different phenotypes, including cleft lip alone, cleft palate alone, and cleft lip with cleft palate, in patients of blood groups A, B, O and AB were statistically analyzed by Chi-square test., Results: A total of 1227 Tibetan patients with cleft lip and palate, 4064 Han patients with cleft lip and palate, and 5360 normal controls were included in the study. Among all the patients with cleft lip and palate, 1863 had cleft lip alone, 1425 had cleft palate alone, and 2003 had cleft lip with cleft palate. The ABO blood group distribution of Tibetan patients with cleft lip and palate was characterized as O>B>A>AB, with Rh positive blood group accounting for 100%, blood type O accounting for 41.15%, and blood type B accounting for 30.64%. The blood group distribution of the Han patients with cleft lip and palate was characterized as O>A>B>AB, with Rh positive blood group accounting for 99.58%, blood type O accounting for 35.78%, and type A accounting for 30.54%. There was a significant difference in ABO blood groups between Tibetan and Han patients with cleft lip and palate ( P <0.005), but no significant difference in Rh blood groups. The ABO blood group distribution of the Tibetan patients with cleft lip and palate showed an obvious difference from that of the control group, while those of the Han patients with cleft lip and cleft palate and the control group did not show obvious differences. In the analysis of the subtypes, it was found that the blood group distribution in the subtypes of cleft lip alone, cleft palate alone, and cleft lip with cleft palate in the Tibetan population was O>B>A>AB, while that in the Han Chinese population was O>A>B>AB. There were differences in blood group distribution between Tibetans and Hans of the subtypes of cleft lip alone and cleft lip with cleft palate ( P <0.001), but there was no difference in blood group distribution in the population of cleft palate-only subtype. The proportion of blood type O in Tibetan patients with cleft lip and palate was significantly higher than that in the Han patients with cleft lip and palate. The blood group distribution of Tibetan patients with cleft lip and palate in Sichuan Province, Xizang Autonomous Region, and Qinghai Province was always O>B>A>AB. Tibetan patients from Shiqu County and Baiyu County, Ganzi Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture and Chaya County, Qamdo City were predominantly of blood type B, and those from other regions were mainly of blood type O., Conclusion: There were significant differences in the phenotype composition and ABO blood group distribution between the Tibetan and Han populations with cleft lip and palate in western China. The distribution of blood group O in the population with cleft lip and palate was higher than that in the normal population, and the same trend was observed for different phenotypes. However, differences between Tibetan and Han populations in ABO blood group distribution were only found in the phenotypes of cleft lip only and cleft lip with palate. Tibetans with blood type O are more prone to cleft lip deformity than Han people, and the effect in the phenotype of cleft lip with palate is less pronounced than that in the phenotype of cleft lip only., Competing Interests: 利益冲突　本文作者石冰是本刊编委。该文在编辑评审过程中所有流程严格按照期刊政策进行，且未经其本人经手处理。除此之外，所有作者均声明不存在利益冲突。, (© 2024《四川大学学报（医学版）》编辑部 版权所有Copyright ©2024 Editorial Office of Journal of Sichuan University (Medical Sciences).)

Objective: To explore the association between polymorphisms of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling pathway and non-syndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate (NSCL/P) among Asian populations, while considering gene-gene interaction and gene-environment interaction., Methods: A total of 1 038 Asian NSCL/P case-parent trios were ascertained from an international consortium, which conducted a genome-wide association study using a case-parent trio design to investigate the genes affec-ting risk to NSCL/P. After stringent quality control measures, 343 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) spanning across 10 pivotal genes in the TGF-β signaling pathway were selected from the original genome-wide association study(GWAS) dataset for further analysis. The transmission disequilibrium test (TDT) was used to test for SNP effects. The conditional Logistic regression models were used to test for gene-gene interaction and gene-environment interaction. Environmental factors collected for the study included smoking during pregnancy, passive smoking during pregnancy, alcohol intake during pregnancy, and vitamin use during pregnancy. Due to the low rates of exposure to smoking during pregnancy and alcohol consumption during pregnancy (<3%), only the interaction between maternal smoking during pregnancy and multivitamin supplementation during pregnancy was analyzed. The threshold for statistical significance was rigorously set at P =1.46×10 -4 , applying Bonferroni correction to account for multiple testing., Results: A total of 23 SNPs in 4 genes yielded nominal association with NSCL/P ( P <0.05), but none of these associations was statistically significant after Bonferroni' s multiple test correction. However, there were 6 pairs of SNPs rs4939874 ( SMAD2 ) and rs1864615 ( TGFBR2 ), rs2796813 ( TGFB2 ) and rs2132298 ( TGFBR2 ), rs4147358 ( SMAD3 ) and rs1346907 ( TGFBR2 ), rs4939874 ( SMAD2 ) and rs1019855 ( TGFBR2 ), rs4939874 ( SMAD2 ) and rs12490466 ( TGFBR2 ), rs2009112 ( TGFB2 ) and rs4075748 ( TGFBR2 ) showed statistically significant SNP-SNP interaction ( P <1.46×10 -4 ). In contrast, the analysis of gene-environment interactions did not yield any significant results after being corrected by multiple testing., Conclusion: The comprehensive evaluation of SNP associations and interactions within the TGF-β signaling pathway did not yield any direct associations with NSCL/P risk in Asian populations. However, the significant gene-gene interactions identified suggest that the genetic architecture influencing NSCL/P risk may involve interactions between genes within the TGF-β signaling pathway. These findings underscore the necessity for further investigations to unravel these results and further explore the underlying biological mechanisms.

Objectives: This work aimed to study the correlation between FOXN3-SIN3A complex expression and non-syndromic oral clefts (NSOC) in Xinjiang., Methods: In this study, 60 patients with NSOC attending the People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region were recruited into the case group, including 30 cleft lip with or without cleft palate (NSCL/P), 30 cleft palate only (CPO), and 30 healthy children in the control group. The expression levels of FOXN3, SIN3A, and NEAT1 in peripheral blood of each group were detected by high-throughput second-generation sequencing technology and quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and area under the curve (AUC) were used to analyze the diagnostic efficiency of NSOC., Results: The comparison of the NSOC and control groups showed that FOXN3, SIN3A, and NEAT1 genes increased compared with the control group. The differences were all statistically significant ( P <0.05). The AUCs of FOXN3, SIN3A, and NEAT1 in the NSCL/P group were 0.933 [95%CI=(0.864, 1.000)], 0.822 [(95%CI=(0.713, 0.932)], and 1.000[95%CI= (1.000, 1.000)], respectively. The AUCs of FOX-N3, SIN3A, and NEAT1 in the CPO group were 0.891 [95%CI=(0.806, 0.976)], 0.688 [95%CI=(0.552, 0.824)], and 1.000 [95%CI=(1.000, 1.000)], respectively., Conclusions: The results showed a correlation between the rising gene expression of FOXN3, SIN3A, and NEAT1 in peripheral blood and the occurrence of NSOC in Xinjiang. This work provides a theoretical basis for further study of the FOXN3-SIN3A complex as biomarkers to facilitate the early screening, disease prediction, and early prevention of NSOC.

Cleft palate is a common congenital developmental malformation of the maxillofacial region. The development of palate has strict pattern and precise spatial and temporal sequence, and any small disturbance to its developmental process may lead to cleft palate. Several studies have shown that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNA) can regulate cell biological behavior at multiple levels and are closely related to the development of cleft palate. Therefore, in this paper, we introduced the mechanisms of lncRNA regulating cell differentiation, proliferation, autophagy, apoptosis and epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and preliminarily summarized the currently known lncRNA-miRNA regulatory axis in cleft palate in order to provide a new reference and perspective for the etiological study of cleft palate malformation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of West China Journal of Stomatology is the property of Sichuan University, West China College of Stomatology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of West China Journal of Stomatology is the property of Sichuan University, West China College of Stomatology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of China Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery is the property of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, College of Stomatology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

A summary and prospect of "Operation Smile". In 1990, the public welfare charity activity of "Operation Smile" was initiated by Dr. Han Kai and other doctors, and it has provided free clinics for more than 30 000 poor children with congenital cleft lip and palate since its launch. With the continuous development of reform and open policy, and in response to the hygiene and health policy in the new period, the practice of "Operation Smile" has been fruitful and entered an accelerated period. More high-level doctors joined our volunteer team to improve the physical and psychological conditions of poor children through well-experienced repair surgery. We shall always remain true to the original aspiration to contribute to the medical charity of our motherland continuously. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of China Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery is the property of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, College of Stomatology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of China Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery is the property of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, College of Stomatology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: To examine the characteristics of the prevalence of congenital cleft lip with/without cleft palate in the ethnic Tibetan population and to provide support for the precise prevention and treatment of cleft lip with/without cleft palate in the Tibetan population., Methods: The clinical data of Tibetan patients with cleft lip with/without cleft palate were collected and the clinical characteristics of the patients were analyzed. The patients' age ranged from 2 months to 51 years old. All the subjects were admitted to West China Stomatology Hospital, Sichuan University for the treatment of cleft lip with/without cleft palate between January 2016 and August 2023. Most of the subjects came from Sichuan Province and the Tibet Autonomous Region., Results: A total of 1051 patients were enrolled and children aged under 12 months (460 cases) accounted for the largest proportion. Among the subjects, 383 had cleft lip only (36.44%), 140 had cleft palate only (13.32%), and 528 had cleft lip with cleft palate (50.24%). The male-to-female ratios of patients with cleft lip only (0.99∶1), cleft palate only (0.54∶1), and cleft lip with cleft palate (1.67∶1) exhibited significant differences ( P <0.001). However, there was no significant difference in the male-to-female ratio in patients with cleft lip only or those with cleft lip with cleft palate when the subjects were divided into two groups according to whether they had unilateral or bilateral cleft lip with/without cleft palate. Most of the patients with bilateral cleft lip were female, while most of the patients with unilateral cleft lip and unilateral or bilateral cleft lip with cleft palate were male. The unilateral cleft lip with/without cleft palate was located predominantly on the left side. Syndromic cleft lip with/without cleft palate accounted for 3.43% of all the cases and the most common concomitant deformity was congenital heart disease. 3.81% (40 cases) of the patients had a family history. In the patients with cleft lip only and those with cleft palate only, the proportion of patients having parents with corresponding phenotypes was higher than those of other phenotypes of cleft lip with/without cleft palate. Regarding the birth time distribution of the children with cleft lip with/without cleft palate, Spring saw the highest number of births of these children (311 cases, 29.59%), while Winter saw the lowest number of births (231 cases, 21.98%)., Conclusion: The cases of cleft lip with/without cleft palate in the ethnic Tibetan population are predominantly cleft lip and palate. Unilateral cleft lip only or cleft lip with palate is predominantly located on the left side. Lip disease phenotypes may be more heritable., Competing Interests: 利益冲突　所有作者均声明不存在利益冲突, (© 2024《四川大学学报（医学版）》编辑部 版权所有Copyright ©2024 Editorial Board of Journal of Sichuan University (Medical Sciences).)