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Cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) is a slowly progressive cerebrovascular disease caused by structural and functional disorders of small vessels and vascular neural units in the brain, and CSVD imaging markers may be evidence as manifestations of brain aging. Clinically, the onset of CSVD is not limited to individuals in middle-to-old age. Young patients without typical vascular risk factors may also have imaging markers, such as enlarged perivascular space and white matter hyperintensity. The diagnosis and treatment of these cases must be approached seriously. Compared with Western medicine, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has an advantage in treating disorders related to emotions, sleep, and cognition in patients with CSVD. Regarding CSVD, there are commonalities between anatomical structures, physiological functions, pathogenic mechanisms, and xuanfu and collateral theories in TCM. We combined the xuanfu and abnormal collateral theory and classified CSVD into three clinical stages: early-stage, dysfunction in xuanfu and stagnation in the qi collaterals; middle-stage, endogenous toxins and damage to the blood vessels; and late-stage, kidney and marrow deficiency and toxins damaging the brain collaterals. Different treatment strategies, such as promoting qi circulation, calming the mind, and dredging collaterals in the early stage; dispelling pathogenic factors and promoting blood circulation in the middle stage; tonifying the kidney and replenishing the marrow and removing toxins from collaterals in the late stage, are applied at different stages to offer novel perspectives on TCM treatment for CSVD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bronchiectasis is characterized by recurrent airway infections, a progressive inflammatory response, and persistent decline in lung function. Airway remodeling is the key to its pathology. It is of great significance to explain the dynamic evolution of airway remodeling in patients with bronchiectasis using the theory of "latent pathogen" and "chronic diseases affecting the collaterals", which are essential pathogenesis theories of traditional Chinese medicine. Lung collaterals are small and microscopic, and they allow the flow of qi and blood to infiltrate and nourish the lungs. Phlegm, blood stasis, heat, and other latent pathogens can hide deep and distantly, causing self-accumulation and aggregation, time-delayed attacks, and long-term affecting the collaterals. The process by which the functional structure of the lung collaterals is changed due to the accumulation of evil qi is closely related to the process of chronic inflammation caused by bacterial colonization in bronchiectasis. Based on the above, our team believed that the pathogenesis of the acute stage of bronchiectasis is triggered by external factors, the internal hidden pathogens are activated, phlegm and fire mutually cause immediate qi activity, and the latent pathogens accumulate to damage the lung collaterals. The pathogenesis in the stable stage differs, in that the latent pathogens move inward, and the lung collaterals are damaged after prolonged disease, with lung deficiency and collateral stasis. Furthermore, pathogens from masses in collaterals due to long-term retention, and "pathogenic qi in the lung collaterals" is the core of the pathogenesis of bronchiectasis, and latent phlegm is present through the entire course of the disease. The clinical treatment of our team is based on the syndrome differentiation and treatment of "dredging collaterals to make it work", which is mainly treated with a pungent drug. In the acute phase, pungent drugs should be used to dredge collaterals, clear collaterals, and remove pathogens, while the patient in the stable period should be treated by a tonifying deficiency, dredging collaterals, and supporting the healthy qi to dispel the pathogen. This approach provide new ideas for guiding clinical treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The changes in China-US relations are a pivotal part of the world’s unprecedented changes in the past century. As for the game between China and the United States, we must first “establish correct views of history, the overall situation and the role of the players” and see which side of history is correct and in which direction human progress is heading. At the same time, we should look far ahead, start early, get well prepared, and actively grasp the strategic initiative. We should also understand and plan ChinaUS relations in the context of the overall strategic situation of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. Meanwhile, We should always bear in mind the principle of “upholding the people’s supremacy”. We should be sober minded and fully prepared, resolutely safeguard national sovereignty, security and development interests, and safeguard the overall strategic situation of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. Furthermore, in our external work, we should also give better and more effective play to the role of Chinese excellent traditional culture, show its unique charm, and achieve the effect of moistening things silently. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Over the past seven decades, under the leadership of the Communist Party of China, China's diplomacy has achieved historical achievements: it has established a network of partnership spanning across the globe, served national construction and "reform and opening-up", staunchly safeguarded national sovereignty, security and development interests, markedly improved China's international status and influence, contributed China's wisdom and solution to the world, and earnestly practiced the principle of diplomacy for the people. China has carved out a path of major-power diplomacy with Chinese characteristics and has accumulated valuable experience in this process: adhering to the leadership of the Chinese Communist Party and the path of socialism; upholding an independent foreign policy of peace; advocating for the international relations tenet with the "Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence" as the core; opposing hegemonism and power politics; adamantly standing with the vast group of developing countries; safeguarding national sovereignty, security and development interests; promoting human common development while safeguarding its own interests; insisting on seeking truth from facts, advancing with the times and keeping exploration and innovation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Subrogator's right to discharge directly, based on the legal relation between a creditor and subdebtor, was provided first in the Law of the People's Republic of China on Contracts and related judicial interpretations. According to the legal implication subrogation analyses of relevant legal norm and legislative purpose, the direct discharge as the precondition of subrogation is satisfied by the legal assignment of creditor's right. Subrogator's right to discharge directly does not violate the claim on the principle of equality. With the legal establishment of the subrogator's right to discharge directly, the purpose of subrogation system formulated is not for the preservation of obligatory right but for the legal effect of subrogator's right to discharge directly. In other words, nowadays the subrogation has been a direct way to reclaim bad creditor's right. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]