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A cellulose-decomposing bacterium has been isolated from soil and identified as a member of the genus Cellulomonas. Rice straw which was delignified with 1% (w/w) sodium hydroxide, then treated with 60% (v/v) phosphoric acid to increase the swelling capacity, could be used effectively by cellulase of Cellulomonas. The effects of other conditions such as pH, nitrogen source, substrate concentration and incubation time on the production of filter paper and endoglucanase activity were studied. Maximum production of endoglucanase and filter paper activity occurred at 28 degrees C in 7 days, in the presence of 1% treated rice straw as substrate at an initial pH of 3.0 when NaNO3 was used as source of nitrogen. Under these conditions, cellulolytic activity of culture filtrates appears to be very close to that for Trichoderma reesei grown in the same substrate.

The Ancient Chinese initial ɤ -... occurs only before the finals of divisions I, II, and IV, while the initials g-...and j-... both only occur before division III finals. Theoretically speaking, the initials ɤ - and g- or j- are in complementary distribution. It is equally reasonable to reconstruct ɤ - with either g- or j- as one phoneme in Archaic Chinese. In 1971, Dr. Li Fang Kuei discovered that Anc. j- mostly occurred before ho-k'ou finals while g- occurred before k'ai-k'ou finals. He relegated Ancientɤ -, g- and j- to one Archaic phoneme *g-, and set up the following rules of change: Arch. *g + -j- finals > Anc. gj-... Arch. *g + non -j- finals > Anc. ɤ -... Arch. *gw + -j- finals > Anc. jw-... Arch. *gw + j + i > Anc. gjw-... Arch. *gw + non -j- finals > Anc. ɤ w-... For reasons stated elsewhere, I (Ting 1977-78) revised the rules as follows: *g +j > gj-... (...) *gw +j > gju-... (...) *ɤ +j> j-... (... ) *ɤw +j > ju-... (...) *ɤ + non-j finals > ɤ -...- (...) *ɤ w + non-j finals > ɤ u- ... (... ) One problem with this scheme would be why the common initials g- and gw- only occur before -j- finals. In the present paper I will present evidence from the Min dialects to support this proposal. There is a group of Ancient ɤ -words pronounced with initial k- which co-occur with tones in the Yang category in Colloquial Min. (Cf. p.3). This group differs from the other initial k- words which have tones in Yin category. It is natural to reconstruct voiced initials *g and *gw for this group in Colloquial Min as well as in Archaic Chinese. This reconstruction would make Archaic Chinese *g and *gw become well distributed phonemes. Therefore, the following two rules may be added to those I proposed before: *g + non-j finals >ɤ - (...) *gw + non-j finals >ɤ u- (...) I have checked the Hsieh-sheng relations of these *g- and *gw- words, and discovered nothing special. (Cf. p.4). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]