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In order to make the active ingredients and flavor substances of fruit juice after sterilization treatment closer to the original freshly squeezed fruit juice, the compound juice was prepared with kiwifruit, pineapple and mango as raw materials in this paper. The effects of ultra-high pressure and heat treatment (85 ℃, 5 min) on the quality and shelf life of freshly squeezed compound juice were compared. The results showed that, as the volume ratio of the mixed juice was Vpineapple pulp:Vkiwi pulp:Vmango pulp=4:2:4, the pH, b* value and soluble solid content of the juice treated at 450 MPa, 25 ℃ and 15 min of ultra-high pressure had no significant difference (P>0.05) with the traditional heat treatment, but the loss of vitamin C content and polyphenol content decreased by 12.1% and 17.5%, respectively. By analyzing the main volatile components of the compound juice, it was found that the loss of flavor substances such as enes, esters, alcohols, ketones, and aldehydes in the UHP treatment juice was significantly less than that in the heat treatment juice (P

As a new physical modification method, high-pressure treatment has been widely used in the processing of starch. In this paper, the effects of high-pressure treatment on the crystalline structure, gelatinization, retrogradation, digestion, thermal and rheological properties of starches are systematically summarized. High-pressure treatment can significantly decrease the relative crystallinities of starches and transform the A-type or C-type crystalline structure of starch into a B-type crystalline structure. And the destruction of the crystalline structure of starch is mainly achieved by disrupting the regular arrangement of the double helix, rather than directly destroying the double helix structure. High-pressure treatment significantly increases the retrogradation rate and resistant starch content. High-pressure treatment increases the apparent viscosity, yield stress, storage modulus, and loss modulus of starches. However, high-pressure treatment has different effects on the gelatinization, thermal properties, flowability index and consistency coefficient of different starches. High-pressure treatment technology has important application prospects in the preparation of R3 resistant starch and new starch materials.

In order to summarize the evolution of food safety traceability system research in globally, 1369 research paper published in the period of 2004 to 2022 are retrieved using the words: food and traceability from the Web of Science Core Collection database and are test mined for the number of research papers, authors, countries, institutions using statistical and bibliometric indicators. Moreover, data visual analysis is carried out by plotting knowledge maps of keywords. The results show that there has been increasing interest in food research, and the number of publications about food safety traceability exhibits a growth trend. The most studied country is China that has published 331 papers with the H index ranks second. In terms of authorship, the research team mostly works with productive author cooperation in this field with cross-border and cross-regional cooperation. In terms of keywords cooccurrence, Smart contracts, blockchain, the Internet, traceability technology, and information transparency have been the research hotspots in this field in recent years. The research topics gather on the applicability of traceability technology, participation of social subjects, study on food adulteration and origin traceability based on stable isotope ratio and multi-element analysis, and solving the problem of coding confusion.

Bacteriocins from lactic acid bacteria are kinds of natural proteins or peptides with antibacterial activities produced by lactic acid bacteria in the process of metabolism. They have the advantages of non-drug resistance, biodegradation, good antibacterial activity, etc., which have broad application prospects in food, medicine and feed fields. Based on bibliometrics, the literatures related to bacteriocins from lactic acid bacteria are searched in CNKI database and Web of Science (WOS) core collection database from 2000 to 2023, obtains 627 Chinese literatures and 2543 English literatures. CiteSpace software is used to analyze the research status and hot spots in this field from the perspective of annual number of published papers, core countries, authors, institutions and journals, highly cited literatures, keyword co-occurrence and co-clustering, etc.. The results show that the number of literatures has an increasing trend from 2000 to 2022. Spain, India and China are the top three countries in terms of number of literatures. The authors with the highest number of publications in CNKI database and WOS database are LI Pinglan from China Agricultural University and Todorov SD from University of Sao Paulo in Brazil, respectively. The journals with the highest number of publications are “Science and Technology of Food Industry” and “Journal of Appled Micbiogy”. In the CNKI database, keyword analysis reveals that most of the literatures are isolated, screened and identified from different food samples to obtain bacteriocin-producing lactic acid bacteria, and further evaluates the antibacterial activity of bacteriocins, and discusses the application in the food industry. The analysis of burst words shows that the focus of current research are antibacterial mechanism of bacteriocin and the relationship between bacteriocin and probiotics. In WOS database, the keywords of "gastrointestinal tract", "genetic characteristics", "Listeria mononucleogenes" and "antibacterial activity" appears more frequently. The main focus is the mining of bacteriocins from lactic acid bacteria toward antibiotic-resistant bacteria, and analysis of the genetic characteristics. The comprehensive analysis provides a reference and help for Chinese scientific researchers to engage in related research and predict the future development trend of the industry.

Sugarcane is the most vital sugar crop in China, with excellent nutritional, medicinal and economic value. Sugarcane is rich in phenolic compounds, which have a variety of physiological functions, such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and hypoglycemic. This paper focuses on the extraction of sugarcane polyphenols and the application of novel extraction techniques to plant polyphenols. In addition, principles and properties of purification methods for sugarcane polyphenols are presented, and important biological activities including antioxidant, hypoglycaemic, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer and anti-bacterial properties are described. The extraction and purification of sugarcane polyphenols is found to be relatively routine. Although sugarcane polyphenols have a variety of biological activities, the mechanisms of their activity have not been fully elucidated. There is a need to focus on new extraction and purification techniques for sugarcane polyphenols and mechanisms of their activity to facilitate the development and utilization of sugarcane polyphenols and deep processing of sugarcane byproducts.

During the storage and transportation of grapes after picking, diseases occurs generally, including gray mold, aspergillus rot, rhizopus rot, penicillium rot, etc., which seriously affect its production and commodity value. At present, the control of postharvest diseases of grape still depends on chemical control. Long-term application of chemical fungicides can lead to pesticide residues, environmental pollution, harm to human health, and enhance the drug resistance of pathogenic fungal. Using antagonistic bacteria to control postharvest diseases of grape is a green, environmental and safe method instead of chemical fungicides. In this paper, the postharvest infection diseases and symptoms of grape, the source, application effect and their mechanism of action of antagonistic bacteria, the combination of antagonists with other methods to enhance the biocontrol effect are introduced. The prospect of controlling postharvest diseases of grape by antagonistic bacteria is also discussed.

Cross-sectional study is one of the classic research design methods, which is widely used in clinical research. Cross-sectional study designs are used to answer a large number of scientific questions in general practice research. This includes not only the investigation of population health characteristics, disease characteristics or health service status, but also a variety of research scenarios such as the construction of disease screening and diagnosis methods for community people. Therefore, this paper will sort out and summarize the key points of cross-sectional research in the field of general medicine, and provide reference for future research work. In the field of general practice, cross-sectional studies can be used for status description, comparative analysis, correlation factor analysis and exploration of community screening diagnostic methods. The clinical development of cross-sectional studies should include two stages, study design and study implementation. The design stage includes accurate extraction of study objectives, defining clinical factors such as study population, study factors and outcome indicators, and determining the method of sample acquisition, determining the basis for sample size and rational statistical analysis strategies. In the implementation stage, complete research plan and case report form should be used to present research design ideas, and data collection should be carried out under the premise of ethical approval. Meanwhile, quality of data management and statistical analysis methods in the plan should be strictly implem.

Background Trauma is a highly prevalent and costly global health problem. Prevention and control of infection is a major challenge in the management of traumatic wounds, while prolonged absence of skin washing after trauma will increase the incidence of wound infection, as well as the discomfort. Although many patients are willing to take a bath after trauma, the timing and method of bathing remains unclear. Therefore, it is necessary to build an appropriate scheme of bathing with wounds to keep the skin and wounds clean. Objective To construct a bathing with wounds at home scheme suitable for patients with traumatic wounds in China, and to provide a feasible care scheme for keeping the skin of trauma patients clean and improving the outcome of wound healing. Methods Database at home and abroad were searched to obtain original literature, the first draft of the items of bathing with wounds at home scheme for patients with traumatic wounds was formulated through evidence-based analysis, generalization, group discussion. Fifteen wound care experts with associate or higher titles were included, and Delphi consultation was used to modify and improve the bathing with wounds scheme, with an interval of one week for each round of correspondences, the reliability of the consultation results was evaluated by the expert positive and authority coefficients. The consistency of the consultation results was evaluated by the coefficient of variation, a revised draft was formulated with terminated consultation when the coefficient of variation less than 0.25, which means that the expert opinions tend to be consistent. Thirty patients with traumatic wounds were enrolled in the pre-test, Likert 5-point scale was used to verify the convenience, safety and patient compliance of the bathing with wounds scheme, and the final scheme was developed after discussion and modification. Results After the inclusion of 23 related papers, the first draft of bathing with wounds scheme was developed through evidence-based analysis and discussion, involving three first-level items (including preparation befor bathing, bathing operation and treatment after bathing), seven second-level items, nine third-level items and four fourth-level items. The opinions of the 15 experts converged after 2 rounds of correspondence, with recall rates of 93.75% and 100.00%, with authority coefficients of 0.947 and 0.957, respectively. The variation coefficients of importance and maneuverability of each item in the first round were 0-0.25 and 0-0.23, and those in the second round were 0.09-0.18 and 0.07-0.14, respectively, a total of 2 items were deleted, 5 items were modified and 2 items were added, resulting in a revised draft. The 30 enrolled patients with traumatic wounds took baths (2.70±0.47) times per week according to the bathing scheme, with the average bath time of 10-15min, convenience and compliance scores of (4.67±0.48) and (4.70±0.47), and no bathing-related adverse events and wound infection occurred.The pre-test proved that the bathing plan was safe、reliable、simple and have good patient compliance. The final draft of the bathing with wounds scheme for traumatic wound patients included three first-level items, eight second-level items, nine third-level items and three fourth-level items. Conclusion In the construction process of the bathing with wounds scheme for traumatic wound patients, the positive and authority coefficients of experts are high, which has been unanimously approved by corresponding experts. The compliance of 30 patients with traumatic wounds in the pre-test was high, suggesting that the bathing with wounds scheme is safe and convenient, which can be applied to bathing with wounds at home for patients with traumatic wounds in China.

Background Acute ischemic stroke (AIS) is a serious cerebrovascular disease, which causes a heavy burden on society and patients. Ligustrazine injection has been widely used in the treatment of AIS with significant efficacy, but there is still a lack of direct or indirect comparison between ligustrazine injections. Objective To systematically evaluate the efficacy and safety of ligustrazine injection in the adjuvant treatment of AIS within 72 hours. Methods CNKI, Wanfang Data Knowledge Service Platform, VIP, PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, and Web of Science databases were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) about the efficacy and safety of ligustrazine injection in the treatment of AIS from inception to April 2023. Literature was independently screened, extracted and quality assessed by 2 investigators using the Cochrane Evaluation Tool. RevMan 5.3, Stata 17, Addis and RStudio software were used to statistically compare and rank the efficacy and safety of different types of ligustrazine injection. Results A total of 71 papers involving 7 304 cases were included, and the interventions included Salvia Miltiorrhiza Ligustrazine Injection (DSCXQ), Shenxiong Glucose Injection (SXPTT), Xingxiong Sodium Chloride Injection (XXLHN), Ligustrazine Phosphate Injection (LSCXQ) and Ligustrazine Hydrochloride Injection (YSCXQ) combined with conventional western medical therapy (CT), respectively, and CT alone. Direct Meta-analysis results showed that in improving all the outcome indicators of AIS, the total effective rate, NIHSS score, fibrinogen level, and incidence of adverse reactions of ligustrazine injection combined with CT were better than those of CT alone (PYSCXQ+CT (0.20) >LSCXQ+CT (0.15) >DSCXQ+CT (0.03) >XXLHN+CT (0.02) >CT (0) ; the order of cumulative probability in improving NIHSS score was SXPTT+CT (0.55) >XXLHN+CT (0.26) >YSCXQ+CT (0.12) >DSCXQ+CT (0.07) >CT (0) ; the order of cumulative probability in reducing fibrinogen level was XXLHN+CT (0.32) >LSCXQ+CT (0.22) >DSCXQ+CT (0.17) >SXPTT+CT (0.15) >YSCXQ+CT (0.14) >CT (0) ; the order of cumulative probability in safety was SXPTT+CT (0.79) >XXLHN+CT (0.13) >CT (0.04) >DSCXQ+CT (0.03) >YSCXQ+CT (0.01) . Conclusion Ligustrazine injection is effective and safe in adjuvant treatment of AIS, among which Shenxiong glucose injection was the best in total effective rate and improving NIHSS scores, with the least adverse reactions; Xingxiong sodium chloride injection has the most advantages in fibrinogen level.

Traumatic central nervous system injury can cause imbalance in intestinal microenvironmental homeostasis by disrupting intestinal barrier function, while the disturbed intestinal microenvironment can react on the central nervous system and aggravate the secondary injury of it. A large number of studies suggest that the intestinal barrier plays an important role in the pathophysiological process of traumatic central nervous system injury and can be an important target for the action of central nervous system injury. This paper reviews the structural and functional changes of intestinal microbial, chemical, mechanical and immune barriers after traumatic central nervous system injury and their bidirectional interaction with the central nervous system, summarizes the possible mechanisms leading to the disruption of intestinal barrier, including malnutrition, ischemia-reperfusion injury, inflammatory response and the release of neurotransmitters and hormones, to provide theoretical basis and new ideas for the development of research on the intestinal microenvironment after traumatic central nervous injury.

Background Accessory breast plasma cell mastitis (PCM) is uncommon in clinical practice with rare reports. Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics, diagnostic methods and the traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) clinical efficacy of accessory breast PCM. Methods The clinical diagnosis and treatment data of 15 patients with accessory breast PCM admitted to Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University from January 2017 to December 2021 were analyzed retrospectively, the general information, diagnostic methods, treatment methods and outcomes of 15 cases with accessory breast PCM were summarized. Results A total of 15 female patients of childbearing age with accessory breast PCM were included in this paper, with onset within 2-5 years after pregnancy. The etiology was complex and the course of accessory breast PCM was protracted, which was similar to breast PCM in pathogenetic characteristics, using pathological examination results as gold standard for diagnosis. After the combination of internal and external treatment of TCM, the symptoms of 15 patients were relieved, local lesions disappeared, and there was no recurrence after six months of follow-up. Conclusion Accessory breast PCM is rare in clinical practice, which is easy to be misdiagnosed or missed, and difficult to be treated clinically. The combination of internal and external treatment of TCM has a significant effect on accessory breast PCM.

Chronic kidney disease-mineral and bone disorder (CKD-MBD) has a direct impact on patients' quality of life, hospitalization rates and fracture risk. In recent years, osteoblasts and osteoclasts have become central to the pathophysiology of CKD-MBD. Osteoblasts interact with other organs by synthesizing fibroblast growth factor-23 (FGF-23) and sclerostin (SOST), making the skeleton an endocrine organ. Therefore, dysregulation of osteoblast differentiation is an important early event in the pathogenesis of CKD. In this paper, we systematically discuss the metabolic pathways of osteoblasts and the mechanisms related to the altered metabolic reprogramming of osteoblasts in the early CKD-MBD pathology. This paper shows that abnormalities in signaling pathways and metabolites such as Wnt/β-catenin, FGF-23, uremic toxins, metabolic acidosis, can alter the metabolic activity of osteoblasts, causing impaired maturation of the osteogenic spectrum, which in turn affects bone remodeling, which will provide a new way of thinking for explaining the pathological changes in renal bone disease and developing clinical treatment options.

24-hour movement behaviors include physical activity, sedentary behavior and sleep. Domestic and foreign studies have found that the elderly generally have problems of low physical activity, sedentary behavior and insufficient sleep. Rational allocation of 24-hour movement behaviors has been demonstrated to be an important measure to improve adverse health outcomes in older adults, but the relevant research on 24-hour movement behaviors of the elderly is still in the exploratory stage. This paper reviews the concept, theoretical development and analytical methods of 24-hour movement behaviors and its relationship with adverse health outcomes in the elderly. In the future, relevant studies should be actively carried out to deeply explore and quantify the impact of 24-hour movement behaviors on health, develop a combination of 24-hour movement behaviors that can exert the maximum health benefits of the elderly, and develop accurate assessment tools, so as to promote active and healthy aging.

The standardized workflow of computer-aided static guided implant surgery includes preoperative examination, data acquisition, guide design, guide fabrication and surgery. Errors may occur at each step, leading to irreversible cumulative effects and thus impacting the accuracy of implant placement. However, clinicians tend to focus on factors causing errors in surgical operations, ignoring the possibility of irreversible errors in nonstandard guided surgery. Based on the clinical practice of domestic experts and research progress at home and abroad, this paper summarizes the sources of errors in guided implant surgery from the perspectives of preoperative inspection, data collection, guide designing and manufacturing and describes strategies to resolve errors so as to gain expert consensus. Consensus recommendation: 1. Preoperative considerations: the appropriate implant guide type should be selected according to the patient's oral condition before surgery, and a retaining screw-assisted support guide should be selected if necessary. 2. Data acquisition should be standardized as much as possible, including beam CT and extraoral scanning. CBCT performed with the patient’s head fixed and with a small field of view is recommended. For patients with metal prostheses inside the mouth, a registration marker guide should be used, and the ambient temperature and light of the external oral scanner should be reasonably controlled. 3. Optimization of computer-aided design: it is recommended to select a handle-guided planting system and a closed metal sleeve and to register images by overlapping markers. Properly designing the retaining screws, extending the support structure of the guide plate and increasing the length of the guide section are methods to feasibly reduce the incidence of surgical errors. 4. Improving computer-aided production: it is also crucial to set the best printing parameters according to different printing technologies and to choose the most appropriate postprocessing procedures.

Multi-stage sedimentation and diagenetic processes lead to complex in situ stresses in subsurface hydrocarbon reservoirs. The in situ stresses have a broad magnitude range and their distribution directions are complicated, significantly impacting the rock physics properties and seismic propagation response in reservoirs. Seismic reflection and transmission (R/T) coefficient equations can quantify the relationship between reservoir properties and observed geophysical data. Therefore, seismic R/T coefficient equations considering the effects of in situ stresses can help to better understand the characteristics of wave propagation on deep-strata stratigraphic interfaces, laying a theoretical foundation for exploring deep-strata hydrocarbon. This research topic is attracting the attention of international scholars. Most reported stress-dependent wave R/T coefficient equations consider the infinitesimal deformations induced by the in situ stress and wave perturbation based on the theory of acoustoelasticity; these approaches have been preliminarily applied in several theoretical and practical scenarios such as seismic inversion for stress-induced anisotropy parameters, in situ stress detection, and discrimination of oil and gas reservoirs. In this paper, we introduce the main body of solid acoustoelasticity theory and the stress-dependent seismic R/T coefficient equations based on acoustoelasticity theory, along with their basic assumptions, preliminary applications, limitations, and prospects in seismic exploration.

BACKGROUND: Due to the mismatch between the design of the proximal femoral nail antirotation Asian version (PFNA-II) and Asian population, extrusion of the proximal femoral intertrochanteric nail may occur in the treatment of femoral intertrochanteric fractures. The influence of the protruding length on the curative effect of the operation needs to be further discussed. OBJECTIVE: To quantitatively measure the protruding length of the proximal trochanter of the femur with intramedullary nail after PFNA-II, and to analyze the effect of protruding length on the efficacy of PFNA-II in the treatment of femoral intertrochanteric fractures. METHODS: Totally 68 patients with femoral intertrochanteric fractures treated with PFNA-II internal fixation in the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University were selected. The extramedullary process of the proximal trochanter of the femur was quantitatively measured on the anterior and posterior X-ray films of the hip joint within 6 months after operation. According to the existence of extrusion of the proximal trochanter intramedullary nail, the patients were divided into protruding group and non-protruding group. The data of sex, height, fracture type, length and diameter of the intramedullary nail, the position of screw blade in the femoral neck and protruding length of proximal greater trochanter were collected. The postoperative curative effect was judged by visual analog scale pain score and hip joint Harris score at 6 months after operation. The influence of protruding proximal trochanter of the PFNA-II intramedullary nail on the operative effect was observed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) There were significant differences in sexual characteristics between the protruding group and the non-protruding group (P=0.001). (2) According to AO/OTA classification, there were no significant differences in fracture type between the protruding group and the non-protruding group (P=0.289). (3) There was no significant difference in the length and diameter of the intramedullary nail between the two groups (P=0.067, P=1.000). (4) There was no significant correlation between the height of all patients and the length of the intramedullary nail (P=0.510), but there was a significant correlation between height and protruding length (P=0.034). There was no significant correlation between screw blade position and protruding length (P=0.968). (5) Six months after operation, there was no significant difference in the hip Harris score (P=0.373), but the visual analog scale pain score was significantly higher in the protruding group than that in the non-protruding group (P=0.000). (6) The results suggest that nail extrusion often occurs in the proximal greater trochanter when PFNA-II is used in the treatment of intertrochanteric fractures in Asians. When the nail extended into the proximal soft tissue of the greater trochanter, patients complained of proximal greater trochanteric pain and the visual analog scale score of proximal greater trochanter pain in the patient was significantly higher than that in the non-protruding group. To be more suitable for the Asian population, we suggest that the PFNA-II should be improved to further shorten the proximal nail end to obtain better clinical results of femoral intertrochanteric fracture fixation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Unilateral biportal endoscopic technique has been widely used in lumbar interbody fusion in recent years, but there is little comparison between its clinical efficacy and that of minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (MIS-TLIF) in the treatment of lumbar degenerative disease, whether the unilateral biportal endoscopic technique is a safe and effective lumbar fusion remains to be further demonstrated. OBJECTIVE: To compare the clinical efficacy of unilateral biportal endoscopic lumbar interbody fusion (UBE-LIF) and MIS-TLIF in the treatment of lumbar degenerative diseases and explore a more efficient lumbar fusion procedure. METHODS: Patients with single-level lumbar degenerative disease were enrolled in Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical College from October 2020 to February 2022, including 35 patients who underwent UBE-LIF and 286 patients who underwent MIS-TLIF. Propensity score matching was used to eliminate confounders. Four covariates including sex, age, disease type and surgical segment were matched 1:1 (caliper value 0.01). After matching, 29 patients from each group were included in the study. The perioperative operative time, hemoglobin loss and hospital stay were compared between the two groups. Visual analog scale score and Oswestry disability index were used to evaluate the functional recovery of the two groups before, 1, 6 months and 1 year after operation. The excellent and good rate of the two groups was evaluated by the modified MacNab standard at the last follow-up. The fusion of the two groups was evaluated by Lenke Dynamic X-ray film. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) The operative time in the MIS-TLIF group was shorter than that in the UBE-LIF group (P < 0.05). The amount of intraoperative hemoglobin loss in the MIS-TLIF group was higher than that in the UBE-LIF group. The hospital stay in the MIS-TLIF group was longer than that in the UBE-LIF group, and the differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05). (2) The visual analog scale scores for lumbago and leg pain, and Oswestry disability index were significantly reduced in both groups 1, 6 months, and 1 year after surgery compared to before surgery (P < 0.05). Except for the visual analog scale score for lumbago at 1 month after surgery, there was no significant difference in the visual analog scale score for lumbago and leg pain, and Oswestry disability index between the two groups at the above time points (P > 0.05). (3) At the last follow-up, the modified MacNab standard efficacy evaluation showed that the excellent and good rates were 93% (27/29) in the UBE-LIF group and 90% (26/29) in the MIS-TLIF group; there was no significant difference between the two groups (P > 0.05). (4) Lenke dynamic radiographic evaluation system evaluation for lumbar fusion exhibited that the fusion rate was 90% (grade A, 21 cases; grade B, 5 cases; grade C, 3 cases) in the UBE-LIF group; the fusion rate was 86% (grade A, 20 cases; grade B, 5 cases; grade C, 4 cases) in the MIS-TLIF group; there was no significant difference between the two groups (P > 0.05). (5) It is indicated that UBE-LIF and MIS-TLIF have similar clinical effects in the treatment of single-level lumbar degenerative disease with the advantages of less trauma, less bleeding and shorter hospital stay. In addition, the early postoperative lumbago was relatively mild and the learning curve was relatively smooth. Although the operative time in the UBE-LIF group was longer than that in the MISTLIF group, it was still a safe and effective operation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There are three main classes of actin nucleation factors: Arp2/3 complexes, Spire and Formin. Spire assembles microfilaments by nucleating stable longitudinal tetramers and binding actin to the growing end of the microfilament. As early as 1999, Wellington et al. identified Spire as an actin nucleating agent, however, over the years, most studies have focused on Arp2/3 and Formin proteins; there has been relatively less research on Spire as a member of the actin nucleating factors. Recent studies have shown that Spire is involved in the vesicular transport through the synthesis of actin and plays an important role in neural development. In this paper, we reviewed the structure, expression and function of Spire, and its association with disease in order to identify meaningful potential directions for studies on Spire.

Objectives: To investigate the effect of electroacupuncture (EA) on Rho/Rho-associated coiled-coil-forming kinases (ROCK) signaling pathway of uterus tissue in rats with dysmenorrhea, so as to explore the underlying mechanism of EA treating primary dysmenorrhea (PD) and uterine smooth muscle spasm, and to observe whether there is a difference in the effect of meridian acupoints in Conception Vessel (CV) and Governer Vessel (GV)., Methods: Sixty female SD rats were randomly divided into saline, model, CV, GV, and non-acupoint groups, with 12 rats in each group. The dysmenorrhea model was established by subcutaneous injection of estradiol diphenhydrate combined with intraperitoneal injection of oxytocin (OT). EA (2 Hz) was applied to "Qihai" (CV6) and "Zhongji" (CV3) for CV group, "Mingmen" (GV4) and "Yaoshu" (GV2) for GV group, "non-acupoint 1" and "non-acupoint 3" on the left side for non-acupoint group, and manual acupuncture was applied to "Guanyuan" (CV4) for CV group, "Yaoyangguan" (GV3) for GV group, "non-acupoint 2" on the left side for non-acupoint group. The treatment was conducted for 20 min each time, once daily for 10 days. The writhing score was evaluated. The smooth myoelectric signals of rats' uterus in vivo were recorded by multi-channel physiological recorder. The uterine histopathological changes were observed by HE staining. The contents of prostaglandin F2α (PGF 2α ), OT and calcium ion (Ca 2+ ) in uterine tissue of rats were detected by ELISA. The protein and mRNA expression levels of smooth muscle 22-α (SM22-α), RhoA and ROCKⅡ in uterine tissue were detected by Western blot and fluorescence quantitative PCR, respectively., Results: Compared with the saline group, the writhing score of rats in the model group was increased ( P <0.01), the amplitude voltage of uterine smooth muscle in vivo was elevated ( P <0.01), the contents of PGF 2α , OT and Ca 2+ , the protein and mRNA expression of SM22-α, RhoA and ROCK Ⅱ in uterine tissue were all increased ( P <0.01). Compared with the model and the non-acupoint groups, the writhing scores of the CV and the GV groups were decreased ( P <0.01, P <0.05), the amplitude voltage of uterine smooth muscle was decreased ( P <0.01), the contents of PGF 2α , OT and Ca 2+ in uterine tissue were decreased ( P <0.01, P <0.05), and the protein expression and mRNA expression of SM22-α, RhoA and ROCKⅡ in uterine tissue were decreased ( P <0.01, P <0.05). HE staining showed extensive exfoliation of uterine intima with severe edema and increased glandular secretion in the model group, which was alleviated in the CV and GV groups., Conclusions: EA at acupoints of CV and GV can significantly reduce the writhing score, uterine smooth muscle amplitude voltage, pathological injury degree of uterus, and relieve spasm of uterine smooth muscle in dysmenorrhea rats, which may be related to its effect in regulating PGF 2α and OT contents, inhibiting the Rho/ROCK signaling pathway, and reducing the SM22-α, RhoA, ROCKⅡ protein and mRNA expression, and Ca 2+ content in uterine tissue.

Under the guidance of traditional Chinese medicine theory, the clinical research of auricular acupoint stimulation in the treatment of migraine has gained a lot, and the curative efficacy is definite, but its mechanism remains unclear. In the present paper, we discussed the efficacy of auricular acupoint stimulation including "transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation" (taVNS) in the treatment of migraine in recent years. Through bibliometric analysis, we screened out top 10 auricular acupoints (Shenmen［TF 4 ］, Pizhixia［AT 4 ］, Jiaogan［AH 6a ］, Gan［CO 12 ］, Yidan［CO 11 ］, Neifenmi［CO 18 ］, Shen［CO 10 ］, Nie［AT 2 ］, Zhen［AT 3 ］ and E［AT 1 ］) which were the most frequently used for migraine. Majority of these auricular acupoints just distributed in the region innervated by auricular vagus nerve. Thus, we thought that the analgesic effect of needling these auricular acupoints for migraine was produced by triggering the auricular vagus nerve, and concluded that the central mechanism underlying induction of analgesic effect by activating auricular vagus nerve may be achieved by activating the descending pain regulation pathway of the locus coeruleus nucleus and dorsal raphe nucleus. In addition, taVNS-induced 1) regulation of the activities of brain's default network and pain matrix, 2) activation of the cortical descending pain regulation pathway, and 3) inhibition of the neuroinflammatory response may also contribute to its ameliorating effect of migraine. This paper may provide ideas for the future research on the mechanism of auricular acupoint treatment of migraine.

Hypertension is a global problem threatening human health and life. Although there are many antihypertensive drugs, the low compliance of medication affects its efficacy, and the effect in regulating hypertension has become increasingly prominent. Focusing on the new trend of proactive healthcare management, in the present paper, we made a summary about the status and existing problems of transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation (TEAS) in the regulation of blood pressure, and put forward some suggestions, such as selecting acupoints based on classical acupuncture theory to highlight the advantages of TEAS to control blood pressure as a whole, optimizing and screening the parameters of TEAS in the regulation of blood pressure, expanding the research observation indexes etc. We also made a prospect about its future application, hoping to provide new ideas for the proactive regulation, whole-process regulation and integrated regulation of blood pressure.

Objectives: To explore the rules of acupoint selection in the treatment of metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) with acupuncture and moxibustion by using data mining technology., Methods: The clinical research literature on acupuncture treatment of MAFLD was collected from PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang Database, VIP Database and China Biology Medicine from their inception to November 20, 2022. According to our inclusion and exclusion criteria, the literature was independently screened and re-screened by two research members, and the screened results were checked, followed by establishing an acupoint prescription database using Excel 2019. Descriptive statistics of acupoints applied frequency, involved meridians, locations and specific acupoints were perpormed. Then, SPSS Modeler18.0 software was used to conduct analysis about association rules, and the SPSS Statistics 26.0 software was used to perform cluster analysis on high-frequency acupoints, exploring the characteristics and rules of acupoint selection and combination in the treatment of MAFLD., Results: Totally, 178 papers were collected, containing 130 acupoints, with a total application frequency of 1 305. The top five acupoints are Zusanli (ST36), Fenglong (ST40), Ganshu (BL18), Taichong (LR3) and Sanyinjiao (SP6). The commonly involved meridians are the Stomach Meridian of Foot Yangming, Bladder Meridian of Foot Taiyang, and Spleen Meridian of Foot Taiyin. The employed acupoints are mostly located in the lower limbs and abdomen, and the five Shu acupoints and crossing acupoints are in the majority. The association rule analysis of high frequency acupoints indicated that of the 16 qualified acupoint groups, the top 5 with close correlation degrees are ST36 and ST40, ST36 and LR3, ST36 and SP6, ST40 and LR3 and ST36, ST36 and SP6 and ST40. Further, 3 effective clusters were obtained by cluster analysis., Conclusions: Acupuncture and moxibustion treatment of MAFLD follows the therapeutic principles of soothing the liver, invigorating the spleen, tonifying the kidney, and resolving phlegm and removing dampness. The core acupoint group is ST36, ST40 and LR3, and the combination of acupoints is based on syndrome differentiation. These results may provide a useful reference for clinical practice.

There are the differences in the location of some acupoints between textbooks Meridians and Acupoints and Acupuncture and Moxibustion . Both of the textbooks are in the category of the "14 th Five-Year Plan". The differences in acupoint location have brought some confusion for students, full-time teachers and researchers in the field of traditional Chinese medicine. In the paper, based on GB/T 12346-2021： Nomenclature and Location of Meridian Points , published in2021, and in reference with GB/T 12346-2006： Nomenclature and Location of Acupuncture Points, published in 2006, the discrepancy in the acupoint location was systematically collated in the aspects of the expression style and layout, text expression and potential difference of location between these two textbooks, published by China Press of Traditional Chinese Medicine, People's Medical Publishing House and China Science Publishing. Based on the historical evolution and the academic controversy of acupoint positioning, the reasons of the differences in acupoint location were analyzed, the potential influences on the teaching, examination, competition and research of Chinese medicine acupuncture were explored, and the suggestions for solution were proposed.

Chronic lumbar and back pain caused by degenerative vertebral endplates presents a challenging issue for patients and clinicians. As a new minimally invasive spinal treatment method, radiofrequency ablation of vertebral basal nerve in bone can denature the corresponding vertebral basal nerve through radiofrequency ablation of degenerative vertebral endplate. It blocks the nociceptive signal transmission of the vertebral base nerve, thereby alleviating the symptoms of low back pain caused by the degenerative vertebral endplate. At present, many foreign articles have reported the operation principle, operation method, clinical efficacy and related complications of radiofrequency ablation of the vertebral basal nerve. The main purpose of this paper is to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the current relevant research, and provide a reference for the follow-up clinical research.

T-stress is one of the necessary physical quantities to characterize the stress field at the crack tip, and the properties of J-integral under its action remain to be investigated. The expression of J-integral considering T-stress was derived in this paper. The numerical simulation method was used to verify the expression under mode I, mode II and mixed mode I+II loading conditions, and a calculation method of crack tip stress field parameters based on J-integral was given. The theoretical derivation proves that the path conservation of the J1-integral is not affected by T-stress, but the value of the J2-integral meets the linear relationship with the square root of the distance from the start and end point of the integral path to the crack tip, and the coefficient of J2-r curve is related to T-stress. The finite element simulation results show that the crack length of the specimen has a significant effect on the J-integral, while the mesh size has a small effect on the J-integral calculation results. Under the same loading condition, J-integral values of different sizes specimens are different, but the trend of J2-r curve change is consistent with the expression derived from theory. Under mode II and mixed mode I+II loading conditions, the solving accuracy of T-stress is high, while under mode I loading conditions, J2 ≈ 0, the solving accuracy is reduced due to factors such as rounding error. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The essence of hepatic fibrosis is the imbalance of the formation and degradation of extracellular matrix in the liver tissue. Hepatic fibrosis is a necessary stage for the progression of various chronic liver diseases to cirrhosis. Early inhibition of the occurrence and development of hepatic fibrosis is very important in the treatment of liver diseases. Platelets release a variety of cytokines, which promote hepatocyte proliferation and liver parenchyma regeneration while activating endothelial cells, inducing leukocyte recruitment, aggravating microvascular dysfunction, and participating in the process of liver fibrosis. In this paper, the research progress of antiplatelet drugs in hepatic fibrosis is reviewed, in order to provide new diagnosis and treatment ideas for hepatic fibrosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Diquat (DQ) is a non-selective, foliage-applied herbicide that is known to cause liver and kidney damage, while the impact on the lungs is relatively mild. Current domestic and international reports on diquat poisoning primarily focus on liver and kidney injuries, with limited documentation of cases leading to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and lung damage. This paper presents a retrospective analysis of two documented cases of diquat poisoning, both exhibiting ARDS. In both cases, the condition rapidly progressed upon the onset of ARDS despite aggressive treatment, ultimately resulting in the death of the patients.

Dinitrogen tetroxide is often used as an oxidant in rocket propellant and has strong irritant and corrosive properties. This paper analyzes the clinical data of a patient with dinitrogen tetroxide poisoning admitted in the 63710 Army Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, so as to further explore the poisoning mechanism, clinical characteristics and key points of acute inhaled dinitrogen tetroxide poisoning.

Food poisoning caused by Nassariidaes has occurred frequently in coastal areas of China, especially in summer and autumn. Nassariidaes poisoning can be manifested as lip and tongue paralysis, dizziness, headache, nausea and vomiting, arrhythmia and even respiratory failure. We admitted a case of respiratory failure caused by eating Nassariidaes. After timely respiratory support, hemoperfusion and other active treatment, the patient was recovered and was discharged. This paper summarized clinical characteristics and treatment of Nassariidaes poisoning, in order to provide reference for clinical diagnosis and treatment of similar cases.

Craniofacial hard tissue mainly includes craniofacial bone and tooth, which is one of the important parts of the mouth-jaw system. Congenital aplasia, tumors and trauma can cause large craniofacial hard tissue defects, which are detrimental to the facial appearance and function of patients, and affect the physical and mental health of patients. Histone acetylation modification is the earliest and most widely studied histone modification, which is an epigenetic modification mechanism jointly regulated by histone acetyltransferase and histone deacetylase. In this paper, we will review the research progress of histone acetylation mediated by histone acetyltransferase and histone deacetylase in the development and regeneration of craniofacial hard tissue.

Methylation modification is one of the most common epigenetic modification regulation in eukaryotes, including histone methylation, DNA methylation, RNA methylation, etc., which plays an important regulatory role in physiological processes and pathologic occurrence and development. Tooth root development is carried out by both epithelial and mesenchymal cells and involves a variety of cell-molecular interactions. In recent years, a large number of studies have found that methylation plays a key role in the regulation of tooth root development and expands the mechanism network of tooth root development. In this paper, we review the role and mechanism of methylation modification during root development.

Regional odontodysplasia (ROD) is a rare localized dental developmental anomaly. The typical clinical manifestations of ROD are abnormal tooth eruption, abnormal development of enamel and dentin. The radiographic characteristic is "ghost teeth". Its etiology still remains unknown. The care and treatment of a patient with ROD needs a multidisciplinary approach. And the treatment should be taken after the assessment of each individual case of ROD. This paper reviews the definition, etiology, epidemiological features, clinical manifestations, imaging features, dental microstructure and treatment strategies of ROD to provide reference for clinical diagnosis and treatment.

BACKGROUND: Knee osteoarthritis is a degenerative disease caused by multiple factors. Its pathogenesis is complex and still unclear. Chinese medicine in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis is fruitful, and in-depth study of Chinese medicine in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis is of great significance. OBJECTIVE: To review the progress of Chinese medicine monomers and compounds in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis and to provide ideas and reference for the effective prevention and treatment of knee osteoarthritis. METHODS: CNKI, WanFang, VIP, PubMed, MEDLINE, Nature, and Cochrane databases were retrieved for relevant literature published from database inception to 2022. The keywords were “knee osteoarthritis, cartilage damage, traditional Chinese medicine, Chinese herbal compound, treatment” in Chinese and English. Duplicates and obsolete non-referenced literature were excluded, and a total of 62 standard papers were included for further review. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Some of the pathogeneses of knee osteoarthritis include immune inflammatory response, chondrocyte autophagy and apoptosis, vascular endothelial growth factor level and biomechanical imbalance. The mechanisms by which traditional Chinese medicine treats knee osteoarthritis mainly focus on regulating inflammatory factor levels, chondrocyte autophagy and apoptosis, and vascular endothelial growth factor level and improving cartilage performance, so as to delay the occurrence and development of knee osteoarthritis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is one of the most common syndromes in the intensive care unit, with a high mortality and morbidity. Refractory hypoxia is the typical feature of ARDS, and improving hypoxia is the key to the treatment of ARDS. Due to the rapid progression of ARDS, invasive ventilation is usually used to improve hypoxia. But in recent years, with the extending of the understanding of ARDS and the development of non-invasive oxygen therapy, high flow nasal oxygen (HFNO) and non-invasive ventilation (NIV) are gradually used in ARDS. Therefore, we reviewed the role of HFNO and NIV in ARDS in this paper.

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is one of the neurodevelopmental disorders in children, and there are currently no specific treatments, with the main interventions focusing on educational training and behavioral correction. Virtual reality, as an emerging technology, is a computer-based environmental simulation system that achieves interactive dynamics and immersive experiences by integrating information from multiple sources. In recent years, it has been gradually applied in intervention training for children with ASD. This paper reviews the recent studies on the effects of virtual reality intervention on emotional cognition, social skills, daily living skills, motor skills, and specific phobias in children with ASD, offering a new direction for ASD intervention training.

Copyright of Journal of Computer Engineering & Applications is the property of Beijing Journal of Computer Engineering & Applications Journal Co Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Computer Engineering & Applications is the property of Beijing Journal of Computer Engineering & Applications Journal Co Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Computer Engineering & Applications is the property of Beijing Journal of Computer Engineering & Applications Journal Co Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Computer Engineering & Applications is the property of Beijing Journal of Computer Engineering & Applications Journal Co Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Computer Engineering & Applications is the property of Beijing Journal of Computer Engineering & Applications Journal Co Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Computer Engineering & Applications is the property of Beijing Journal of Computer Engineering & Applications Journal Co Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Computer Engineering & Applications is the property of Beijing Journal of Computer Engineering & Applications Journal Co Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Computer Engineering & Applications is the property of Beijing Journal of Computer Engineering & Applications Journal Co Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Computer Engineering & Applications is the property of Beijing Journal of Computer Engineering & Applications Journal Co Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Computer Engineering & Applications is the property of Beijing Journal of Computer Engineering & Applications Journal Co Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Computer Engineering & Applications is the property of Beijing Journal of Computer Engineering & Applications Journal Co Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Computer Engineering & Applications is the property of Beijing Journal of Computer Engineering & Applications Journal Co Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)