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A detailed study on a high-iron red mud from Shandong province in the perspective of process mineralogy were conducted through chemical analysis, XRD, optical microscope, laser particle size analysis, energy spectrum analysis and BPMA automatic analyzer. The results show that the red mud has a fine particle size, and the chemical composition and mineral ( phase) composition are complex. The main minerals ( phases) in red mud are particulate silicon slag, hematite, iron-aluminum oxide, limonite, as well as trace amounts of sodium aluminosilicate, iron-titanium oxide, quaitz, gibbsite, bauxite, feldspar, and mica, etc. Iron occurs in the form of hematite, limonite, iron-aluminum oxide and particulate silicon slag. There is a large amount of particulate silicon slag in red mud, but the mineral ( phase) particle size is fine. The key to taking full advantage of the red mud is how to make use of iron, aluminum, titanium and sodium in the particulate silicon slag. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]