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The co-occurrence of mental illness and substance abuse is among the most prevalent mental disorders worldwide. It has become more significant in the United States, Europe, and Hong Kong, and it presents complex issues for both mental health and substance abuse practitioners. This paper explores the historical and conceptual issues on dual diagnosis. In addition, different perspectives on dual diagnosis are crucial for developing public policies and programs to address client needs on the road to recovery. The dominant view on dual diagnosis has been the medical perspective. This paper describes three more perspectives: moralistic, psychosocial risk, and phenomenological. This broader view on dual diagnosis will benefit both policy and service development for this population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

LNG has been steadily increasing its share of the global gas trade. The United States and European countries have studied the interchangeability of natural gas according to specific situations and provided results of the relevant studies. In China, the import of LNG is steadily increasing, but the problems regarding quality and interchangeability were not fully understood and resolved. In this paper, a study on applicability of Weaver indices has been completed. The experiments were conducted for 17 typical gas appliances and 11 natural gas sources with 187 test conditions. Comparing the experimental results with the results predicted by Weaver indices, it suggested that the limits of Lifting JJ need to change to ≥0. 95, Incomplete Combustion JI need to change to ≤0.04 and the limit of AGA index Lifting IL change to ≤1.05. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]