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Remote sensing images and related stereoscopic illusions, such as stereoscopic illusion, often confuses engineers and technicians. In order to utilize the beneficial illusion and eliminate the harmful one, this paper studied the relationship between graphics and background from the Necker Cube in visual psychology. Through experiments and engineering practice, this paper further analyzed the types, principles and conditions of stereoscopic illusion in remote sensing image railway engineering mapping, and discussed its application and correction methods. The conclusions are as follows: (1) Stereoscopic illusion is common in remote sensing images of mountainous areas in the northern hemisphere, and the first and second steps of terrain in China are typical. (2) The three geomorphic types that produce stereoscopic illusion are: sinusoidal continuous mountain area, "Π" platform and "U" gully. (3) The causes of stereoscopic illusion include sunshine conditions, image resolution and image contrast. (4) The stereoscopic illusion of water body can be divided into three situations: bulge effect, confusion effect between bulge and depression, and depression effect. (5) The stereo illusion of remote sensing images of sinusoidal topography and Π-shaped gullies can be corrected by DEM rendering method and 3D scene method, U-shaped gullies can be corrected by 3D scene method only. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]