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Copyright of Pharmaceutial Care & Research is the property of Editorial Board of Pharmaceutial Care & Research and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Acta Materiae Compositae Sinica is the property of Acta Materiea Compositae Sinica Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of New Architecture is the property of New Architecture Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Taiwan Economic Forecast & Policy is the property of Institute of Economics, Academia Sinica, Taiwan Economic Forecast & Policy and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

From 1930 to 1932, as an architect and responsible engineer, Liu Shiying designed Xueyi Society Building, his first modernist work in Shanghai. Based on the records of the time, this paper studies the construction process and maintains that it was a modern building aiming at higher level but achieving lower in architectural art. Such experience influenced Liu's ideas about modern architecture in three aspects: principals, methods and practices. From these findings, it could be concluded that Liu Shiying's pursuit of modernity was not at all confined to styles, but implemented innovations in architectural art to encourage culture and eventually improve the society. It will provide novel historical significance and contemporary values to re-understand and study the works and experiences of Liu Shiying and other early Chinese architects from this perspective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Natural Resources / Ziran Ziyuan Xuebao is the property of Journal of Natural Resources and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

"Community Art Museum" is a new theory and attempt in China. With the initial development of the innovative system of public cultural services and the community art museum, it is very necessary to look into the relevant practices of the community art museum and social aesthetic education, which not only involves the professional requirements of art museums, but also involves the interdisciplinary practices in the fields of museology and sociology. This paper analyzes the community practices of "Su Shanghai Community Art Museum" and "Community Interchange Station", and theoretically discusses the issues of community art museum, social aesthetic education and public cultural innovation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of China Harbour Engineering is the property of Editorial Office of China Harbour Engineering and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Control Theory & Applications / Kongzhi Lilun Yu Yinyong is the property of Editorial Department of Control Theory & Applications and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Tourism Tribune / Lvyou Xuekan is the property of Tourism Institute of Beijing Union University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Natural Resources / Ziran Ziyuan Xuebao is the property of Journal of Natural Resources and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Taiwan Journal of East Asian Studies is the property of National Taiwan Normal University, College of International Studies & Social Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of China Population Resources & Environment is the property of Shandong Normal University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Scholars have long been interested in Shanghai's modern literary circle of the 1930s, often referred to as the "Shanghai school--aesthetic literature" to emphasize its affiliation with 19th-century European aesthetics. What kind of aesthetics was then being embraced by intellectuals and artists in 1930s Shanghai? Here I will examine a French novel translated at this time in Shanghai. "Mademoiselle de Maupin," written by Théophile Gautier (1811-1872), is a representative and influential masterpiece of French literary aesthetics, whose famous preface preached the doctrine of "Art for art's sake". The Chinese translation of this romance is rendered by Lin Weiyin (1899-1982), a member of the prominent Green club in in 1930s Shanghai. Lin's essay, entitled "life for art's sake," was published in the journal Green (Lu), and his novel "Madame de Salon" (Huatingfuren) are both seen as works which were inspired by Gautier's novel. By comparing and examining Mademoiselle de Maupin, Lin Weiyin's translated version, and his novel, this paper attempts to present some differences between the aesthetic writings of Shanghai writers of the 1930s and 19th-century French and English aesthetics. In his fiction Lin attempted to promote his ideas concerning the modern woman, and the plot of his novel concerns the conflict between a modern woman and traditional marriage values, at the time a sensational theme in China and one attractive to popular readers. In effect, the anti-morality and anti-utilitarianism aims of 19th century European aesthetics, art and literature had been transplanted to become the 1930s "Shanghai school," which tended to advocate greater individual freedom and greater openness with regard to the body and the sensual as well as intellectual and artistic life. This paper then seeks to explore what Lin's "life for art's sake" manifesto really meant, and to compare it with the more widespread "art for life's sake" trend of that period in China. Thus at issue here are really the nature and the foundations of Chinese literary modernity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Shanghai Land & Resources / Shanghai Guotu Ziyuan is the property of Editorial Board of Shanghai Land & Resources and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Natural Resources / Ziran Ziyuan Xuebao is the property of Journal of Natural Resources and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Northeastern University (Social Science) / Dongbei Daxue Xuebao (Shehui Kexue Ban) is the property of Dongbei Daxue and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Local volatility model is widely used in the fields of risk management, options pricing, etc. The model can not only describe the "smile" and the term structure of volatility, but can also ensure the completeness of the market. The core goal of local volatility research is to calculate the implied volatility. In this paper, the implied volatility surfaces arc built with both parametric and non-parametric methods to obtain smoother volatility surfaces. Parametric method can ensure the absence of arbitrage. Meanwhile, a closed form of solving the local volatility model with non-parametric method is proposed, which can eliminate the approximation error. In addition, the pricing of Shanghai 50ETF option in China based on the local volatility model is studied by comparing effects of the models from aspects of in-the-sample, out-of-the sample and hedging pricing errors. The empirical results show that the non-parametric method is better than the parametric method for errors in-the-samplc; the parametric method has better results for out-of-sample and hedging effects. Particularly, both the options pricing and hedging effects of the implied volatility modeling methods are better than nn-modeled method in the aspects that the pricing errors can be decreased by more than half and the mean square error can be reduced by 1~2 orders of magnitude. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper uses cluster analysis of SPSS software to study the spatial pattern of the Creative Industry Parks (CIP) in Shanghai established in four different period and uses ArcGIS software to interpret the clustering level of these parks. The results indicate that the parks are distributing mainly along university-intensive areas, the Suzhou River, and the Inner Ring zone, i. e. distributing in zones in the west area of the Huangpu River, and the trend of clustering is becoming apparent. On the basis of this analysis, the formation mechanism of the spatial pattern is discussed. The paper points out that the urban renewal policies, preponderant resources in downtown, plenty of old buildings and interaction of universities and research institutes are the main driving forces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In social network analysis (SNA), centrality and centralization are two pointer variables of structure position, and power for measuring a person or team in the network, is also two key index to describe power. Paper analyzed the relation of power and relationship in complex projects organization, and method of power quantification, i.e., six index definition and formula: Unit centrality, organization Centralization, unit betweenness centrality, organization betweenness centralization, unit closeness centrality and organization closeness centralization, to measure power of one unit and whole organization. Taking 2010 Shanghai Expo as a case, paper studied power definition distinguish between formal project organization structure and social network, and power compare in this two different views. As a conclusion, two kinds of power description and measuring above are inconsistent, but the latter result more corresponds to practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to explore whether the warrants in Shanghai and Shenzhen stock exchanges are redundant securities by empirical studies. To obtain an exact analysis, an appropriate sample is selected from August, 2005 to December, 2009, which can exclude the influence of reform of non-tradable shares, dilution effect of warrants and recreation effect of warrants on the return of underlying assets. Wild bootstrap event study methods were employed to overcome the problem of too small sample size, which were performed on abnormal return, cumulative abnormal return, and standardized cumulative abnormal return to test the magnitude effect. The results demonstrate no evidence of magnitude effect after the introduction of warrants. However, the evidence of sign effect is found: the percentage of negative average cumulative abnormal return was bigger than that of the positive average cumulative abnormal return after the introduction of warrants. We claim that this phenomenon is caused by the migration of radical agents from stock market to warrants market and the warrants in Shanghai and conclude that Shenzhen stock exchanges are not redundant securities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Contact Hypothesis contends that "equal status," "common goals," "intergroup cooperation," "supportive norms," " interpersonal contact," and "genuine friendship" are six optimal conditions for intergroup relational improvement. According to the depth of contact, this paper reduces the six contact elements to three, namely, "equal status," "rational contact," and "actuarial contact." Based on the 2007 survey data from Shanghai, this study took social distance as the index of group relationships and analyzed the contact patterns between the new immigrants and the local residents in Shanghai to test the effects of the three contact elements. The results indicated that, in regards to the group relationship between the new urban immigrants and the local citizens, and with respect to equal status, institutional identity was more important than occupational identity; job competition was more prominent than job cooperation; and practical contact was more effective than emotional contact. These findings have shown us: ( 1 ) Not all contact strategies can improve intergroup relationships; further empirical research to test the contact hypothesis will improve the validity and pertinence of the social inclusion policies; 2) from the perspective of pluralistic social integration, promoting mutual adaptation of the immigrants and the native citizens can effectively lead to a harmonious society; 3) migration with social rationality may gradually replace migration with economic rationality; and 4) the local immigration government should facilitate supportive communication between the newcomers, especially those at the bottom layer, and the local citizens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to the boundary between the subject of History and Geography, the concept of landscape lacks rationality, and therefore, not only the geographical landscape study neglected its historical attribute, but also the special historical landscape study is Absent. In this paper the writers insist on the great necessity and feasibility of building up the academic frame of special historical study of landscape and also make an exploration on the research methods. There even includes a case of the humanistic historical map of urban Shanghai in order to explain how the study of landscape history should be carried out. There will be another broad innovative space for the traditional study of regional and urban history if the new concept of landscape history can be successfully constructed based on the historical tradition, inter-subject method, database and GIS technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ding Wenjiang was a rare and versatile figure among modern Chinese scholars, combining exceptional specialized knowledge with administrative ability. In discussions of Ding’s short but colorful ife, his activity in 1926, when he served under the warlord Sun Chuanfang as the Director-General of Greater Shanghai, is a most controversial subject. Because of the paucity of source materials regarding this matter, however, this period constitutes a formidable challenge to historians researching Ding’s life. Fortunately, we are now in a somewhat more favorable position to delineate his activities in 1926 due to the availability of archival and other new materials. A collection of Ding’s documents totaling approximately a thousand pieces, which had been all but forgotten in the collection of the Institute of History and Philology, Academia Sinica, is now available to the academic community. Most of these documents cover the period during Ding’s tenure of office as Director-General of Greater Shanghai, and the majority are letters and telegrams received by him. This paper will attempt to fill an existing historiographical gap in Ding’s life. In it, I will address Ding’s political career in Shanghai based primarily on my organization of these important source materials, using other relevant sources for reference, especially contemporary periodicals such as the "Shenbao" and "Minguo Ribao." I will explore in concrete and meticulous terms Ding’s role and function in Sun Chuanfang’s organization during this period of political flux and turmoil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Comparative proteomics is to compare the differential expression of overall protein profiles in different time and space, to identify differential proteins or protein groups on the expression amount, expression level, and modification status, and to further investigate the differential proteins and their function. The aim of this paper is to introduce the application of comparative proteomics in oral squamous cell carcinoma on the level of cell, tissue, and body fluid. Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.30630065 and 30700953), Shanghai Leading Academic Discipline Project (Grant No.Y0203), China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (Grant No.20060400168), Research Fund of Science and Technology Committee of Shanghai Municipality (Grant No.05dz22319) and Shanghai Educational Development Foundation (Grant No.2007CG22). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In China, the "sandwich group" refers to those people who can neither afford private housing nor are covered by the public housing system. This group plays an important role in economic development and social stability, so the society as a whole will suffer if their housing demand is not met. This paper examines the real housing demand of the sandwich group based on a survey of 600 young white-collar employees in Shanghai conducted in July 2008. The hedonic price method is employed to measure the impact of the key characteristics of housing on housing prices. The distribution of the real housing demand of the Shanghai young sandwich group is then evaluated. This study analyses the gap between their housing demand and affordability. It also discusses policies for solving the housing problem of young people. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of China Sciencepaper is the property of China Sciencepaper and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)