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Copyright of New Architecture is the property of New Architecture Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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Copyright of Mining & Metallurgy (10057854) is the property of Beijing Research Institute of Mining & Metallurgy Technology Group and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Railway Standard Design is the property of Railway Standard Design Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Public Art is the property of Shanghai Fine Arts Publisher Ltd. co. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Pesticide Science / Nongyaoxue Xuebao is the property of Chinese Journal of Pesticide Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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Copyright of Shipin Kexue/ Food Science is the property of Food Science Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Agricultural Science & Technology (1008-0864) is the property of Journal of Agricultural Science & Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The paper is an exploratory study on the travel intentions of mainland Chinese residents to Japan after Diaoyu Island political crisis. Due to the superior location and excellent service, Japan has become one of the most popular outbound tourism destinations for Mainland Chinese tourists in the past 10 years. However, since the complicated and subtle relations between China and Japan, the tourism industry of Japan is evidently sensitive and vulnerable to various crisis. Under such circumstances, it is necessary to investigate the decision tree model research as well as compare domestic and overseas researches at the very beginning of the study. On the basis of literature review and in-depth interview with tourism operators via a three rounds of pre-test and revision, a self-completion questionnaire was developed and used to measure domestic residents' attitude and travel intentions after the Diaoyu Island political crisis. Data was collected through surveys in cities of different sizes from both developed and undeveloped areas in eastern and western China, such as Shanghai and cities in Fujian, Guizhou, Hubei, Jiangsu and Sichuan provinces. All respondents have abilities to travel to Japan economically and potentials to travel. Altogether 800 questionnaires were distributed and 756 were returned. Descriptive analysis was used to analyze the travel intention characteristics of domestic residents to Japan utilizing SPSS21.0. Four vital realities were found from the analysis. First, seeking entertainment opportunities can be the main motivation for Chinese residents travelling to Japan. Second, the family-based tour ought to be considered as the main trip mode. Third, the primary channels for tourism information dissemination include travel agencies and tourism e-commercial websites. Fourth, four to six-day staying in Japan could be proved as a suitable choice for domestic residents who prefer travelling during the national holidays and paid vacations. The CHAID decision tree model is reasonably used to analyze the differences of the intentions to travel among potential tourists in China. Based on the decision tree analysis, most citizens would choose to "cancel the travel plan" (29.0%), followed by "replace tourist destination" and "postpone the travel", yet only 19.6% would "travel as scheduled" in the light of the post impacts of Diaoyu Island political crisis. There could be no doubt that the vast majority of citizens in China lay emphasis on the macro political environment when making a travel decision. Four dominant nodes were generated in tree simulation, namely respective age, number of times to Japan, monthly income and marital status. This study has made a detailed analysis on the causes, and provides each group with tailored marketing measures eventually. Thereby, mixed measures should be implemented, including short-term and long-term plans, to recover the tourism market effectively. From the perspective of crisis decision-making and crisis marketing, this study segments the mainland Chinese citizens in order to disclose the heterogeneity and clustering features of them. The results of the study may set up a systematic foundation for better positioning potential tourists by furnishing an exploratory method for crisis management and crisis marketing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The creation of painting in Taiwan in the early twentieth century was first inspired by Japanese art teachers. The new idea of "realistic painting" introduced at the time allowed the discovery of "local colors." However, the Taiwanese painters who employed the artistic ideal of "painting one's intent" were able to escape the limitation imposed by the concept of "local colors." How did the painters explore the artistic styles offered by the new global contexts through the colonization of Japan is an important issue that requires in-depth investigation. This issue is further complicated by painters who were not only influenced by the Japanese arts but also the traditional Chinese arts, as some of the Taiwanese painters moved to China after their training in Japan in order to search for a new style that conflates the Eastern and the Western arts. Taking several painters, Liu Jintang, Chen Chengpo, and Guo Bochuan as examples, this paper explores issues of identity, cultural impacts, and stylistic developments of the arts in the early twentieth century. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research investigates the features of translated text and non-translated texts through analyzing the sentence length and constituent format in Chinese to Japanese and Japanese to Chinese translation. It uses a corpus-based methodology and sets up a model to describe translators' linguistic choice patterns. The small-scaled bi-directional, comparable and parallel corpus is constructed to facilitate a detailed investigation into the relationship between language usage of SL and TL. This study concludes that translators tend to avoid complex and unique linguistic features in SL and TL and tend to accept features of source texts with the condition that the rules of TL will not be violated. This paper intends not only to contribute to the theoretical consideration of specific features of translation, but also offer insight into translation pedagogy and practices between Japanese and Chinese. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

At China-Japan-Korea summit meeting in 2010, the government leaders from the three countries agree to promote the establishment of China-Japan-Korea Free Trade Agreement (CJKFTA) to accelerate the regional trade liberalization. China's agricultural commodities hold comparative advantages in the trade among the three countries, but the environmental impact may rise from the successive enlargement of export and domestic production scale. Thus there is a need of assessing the environmental impact of such a trade policy to help the negotiators understand and pay more attention to the environment issues during CJKFTA negotiations, and help lobby the governments to carry out appropriate policy instruments for adaption or mitigation. The Chain Reaction Assessment Method (CRAM) serves to be the analysis framework, under which a Computable Partial Equilibrium (CPE) model is employed as the major analysis tool. This methodology is suitable for quantitative evaluations of economic and environmental impacts of trade policies, with the capacity of in-depth analysis on more disaggregated industrial sectors and in a more explicit view. This paper carries out simulations in three policy scenarios with discriminated levels of regional trade liberalization. Comparison of the simulation results of the FTA with the baseline scenario indicates that CJKFTA will improve the development of China's agriculture by increasing the trade volume and domestic production. Meanwhile, negative environmental impacts can be expected, including the increase of water resource consumptions and pollutant emissions, such as COD, TN, TP, agricultural chemicals, agricultural films, and green house gases. Therefore, necessary policy countermeasures should be taken to mitigate such impacts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dai Shu Shu (Algebra) and Wei Ji Su Yuan (The Roots of Calculus) translated by Hua Hengfang (1833-1902) and John Fryer (1839-1928), mathematical works in the late Qing Dynasty had exerted great impact on the internationalization of Japanese mathematics, and the influence had lasted until the Meiji Restoration period. This paper focuses on the Chinese ions of these works such as a missionary in China, which had exerted great influence on the internationalization of Japanese mathematics during the Meiji Restoration period. Firstly, a synopsis is offered of some maths works introduced into Japan translated by others except Hua Hengfang and their influence on Japanese mathematics. Secondly, the author of Notes to the Method of Algebra and his mathematical researches are introduced, together with an analysis of the Notes and the western mathematics and the literature of the latter spread into Japan during the early period of Meiji Restoration via comparison between the Notes and the Chinese translation. Finally, some accounts are offered of Japanese scholars during the Meiji period who referred to and cited from Chinese translations of mathematical works like the Origin of Calculus in their studies or translations of western ones. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In ancient times, china and Japan witnessed long and profound cultural exchange and Wuyue Culture had a close relationship with prehistoric Japan. This paper explores the influence of Wuyue culture from Pre-Qin stage to Wei and Jin Dynasties on prehistoric Japan, such as the relationship between the Yayoi people and Wuyue emigrants in east--movement to Japan, the eastward dissemination and spread of rice culture; the dissemination of smelting and casting technology of Iron and the technology of textile, etc. The large-scale eastward movement of Wuyue culture plays a great role in promoting the economic, cultural and social development for Japan after the 7th century. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tetsujutsu Sankei is written by the wasan mathematician Takabe Katahiro, and as a magnum opus of mathematics, it is the most important classic in the history of Wasan. This paper mainly analyses the mathematics thought in Tetsujutsu Sankei from the angle of Chinese-Character Cultural Circle. With its focus on the relation between the traditional Chinese mathematics and the mathematics in Tetsujutsu Sankei. It is helpful to understand the outstanding mathematical work comprehensively and make a fair and objective appraisal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Mycosystema is the property of Mycosystema Editorial Board and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Geomatics & Information Science of Wuhan University is the property of Geomatics & Information Science of Wuhan University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The East Asian region is experiencing rapid aging process. The traditional filial norm often confronts with the modernization impact which results in structural changes in the family and in the intergenerational interaction. Data are taken from the 2006 East Asian Social Survey. This study investigates what are types of intergenerational interactions for adult children who do not co-reside with parents in four East Asian countries, China, South Korea, Japan and Taiwan. Relying on intergenerational solidarity theory, this study uses latentclass analysis (LCA) to develop a typology based on two dimensions of intergenerational solidarity: Associational solidarity (frequency of contact) and functional solidarity (instrumental and financial support exchange). This study compares the types of intergenerational interactions between China, Japan, South Korea and Taiwan, and describes the geographic distance between generations , resources of adult childrenand parental needs in the types of intergenerational interaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Shen Shiwan was a translator and physician for both Chinese medicine and western medicine in the period of the Republic of China. This paper examined the life and the main academic contributions of Shen Shiwan. It was found that Shen's main contribution were translating medical works, founding journals and opening the door of Chinese medicine to the world. Additionally, he introduced western medicine, such as pathology, fertility and nutrition to Chinese medical professionals. He also introduced the medical schools of Japanese traditional medicine (Chinese medicine in Japan, Han Yi) into China. Shen's contribution in medicine played an important role for the medical professionals in China in understanding the development of western medicine and Chinese medicine in Japan.

Through literature search in regular database and official websites of relevant countries, this paper combs and summarizes the main characteristics of disease prevention and control systems in five countries, the United States, Germany, South Korea, Australia and Japan, and the European Union at key levels including legal construction, organizational structure, financing, personnel construction and international cooperation, in order to provide decision support for the construction of disease prevention and control system in China in the future.

Ruishou Ben'i Zenkushuu (, The Nine Tenths of the the Differnetiation of Similar Syndromes ) was compiled by Doctor Yuehu, a Japanese monk, in 1452. This book had important implications for the spread to Japan of Chinese medical ideas and theories by Li Dongyuan and Zhu Danxi. This paper analyzed the citation of Chinese medical books in Ruishou Ben'i Zenkushuu and found that the name of Zhu Danxi appeared frequently in this book.Based on the data from the sources of Danxi's medical ideas and theories cited in the book, this paper illuminates the close connection with the medicine ideas and theories of Danxi, and clarifies the story that Yuehu once studied Chinese medicine from Yu Tuan. Research on the sources of the ideas in Ruishou Ben'i Zenkushuu is helpful tracing back historically the spread of the ideas and theories of Danxi in Japan.

The traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) decoction pieces for treating tumors in China-Japan Friendship Hospital in both outpatient and inpatient departments from January 1 to December 31, 2018 were analyzed in this paper, and the statistical analysis on the frequency and proportion of TCM decoction pieces, as well as the average dosage and dosage range were conducted. Such data were then compared with Chinese Pharmacopoeia. At the same time, data mining association rules were used to study the compatibility of TCM in oncology, and finally, the drug use in TCM was discussed. The top 20(use frequency) TCM decoction pieces for tumors were mainly based on tonic medicines; the use frequency of toxic TCM decoction pieces was low, mainly of small poisonous pieces, with dosage exceeding pharmacopoeia. The drug combinations with higher frequency included Fried Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma-Poria Cocos(16.11%), and Astragali Radix-Poria Cocos(15.10%). Drug pairs with strong associations included Achyranthes Bidentata→Parasitic Loranthus, Coix Seed→Achyranthes Bidentata, Achyranthes Bidentata→Hairyvein Agrimony, Cuscutae Semen→Achyranthes Bidentata and so on. According to the use of drugs, the drug monitoring can be emphasized from the aspects of usage and dosage, selection of processed TCM, compatibility, decoction methods, and patient education. Pharmacists can analyze the characteristics and regularity of the use of TCM for tumors through data mining methods, and this can be a cutting point for drug monitoring.

The great success of tyrosine kinase receptor inhibitor (TKI) in gastrointestinal stromal tumors(GIST) has promoted it to become a classic model of targeted cancer therapy in the era of precision medicine. Multidisciplinary diagnosis and treatment and whole-process scientific management are the key to clinical diagnosis and treatment of GIST. There are many expert consensuses or guidelines on diagnosis and treatment of GIST in the world. The English version of expert consensuses on diagnosis and treatment of GIST has been issued by the East Asian countries represented by Japan, Korea and China, respectively, in combination with their own clinical practice. In 2016, the first edition of the Asian Expert Consensus on Diagnosis and Treatment of GIST was formulated jointly by the above - mentioned countries. This paper aims to explore the similarities and differences between Chinese and Asian Consensus on the diagnosis and treatment of GIST, to improve the understanding of GIST, and to bridge the gap and explore clues for future cooperation among these countries. The overall framework of both consensuses includes the pathological diagnosis, surgery and drug treatment of GIST. The differences include the following three aspects: (1) The different focus of pathological diagnosis of GIST. The Chinese Consensus has highlighted the requirements for the management of pathological specimens of GIST and the pathological evaluation after targeted therapy. The Chinese Consensus has also tried to clarify the algorithm of diagnosis of wild-type GIST, while wild-type GIST is introduced in very few words in the Asian Consensus. (2) The difference of surgical treatment of GIST focuses on the field of minimally invasive techniques, especially the application of endoscopy in the treatment of GIST. The Asian Consensus is cautious about laparoscopic surgery and has no comments on endoscopic resection at all. At present, the Chinese Consensus does not recommend routine endoscopic treatment in GIST, but the indications have been expanded to a certain extent, reflecting the clinical needs and development trends of endoscopic therapy in China. (3) The recommendation degree of medication for GIST varies. The difference includes the indication of adjuvant therapy, the recommendation after failure of first-line treatment, and discontinuation of TKIs preoperatively, and duration of postoperative adjuvant therapy. The difference between the Chinese Consensus and the Asian Consensus reflects the gap in the practice and clinical research of GIST between China and other Asian countries (e.g. Japan and Korea). Cooperation is the main theme in the field of medical science in the 21st century. China, Japan and South Korea are all located in East Asia and have certain shared features in terms of genetic and biological background, living habits and social environment, medical system and scientific research mode. It is a good entry point to carry out international cooperation research in the field of GIST. In view of some pending problems in the diagnosis and treatment of GIST, the cooperative research between China, Japan and Korea may focus on the following aspects: (1) The value of surgery in the treatment of advanced GIST. (2) The detection of imatinib blood concentration in East Asian population and optimized rational use of targeted drugs in the oriental population. (3) Chinese researchers should optimize the strategy of endoscopic treatment of GIST, design rigorous domestic multi-center clinical trials, and provide convincing data, so as to obtain international recognition. (4) Other related studies may include the diagnosis and treatment of wild-type GIST, the value of Ki-67 in the pathological evaluation of GIST, laparoscopic surgery for gastric GIST, and the optimal duration of imatinib adjuvant therapy. Researchers in China should attach importance to the value of clinical trials, especially cooperative clinical research. Starting with improving data quality, we should welcome cooperation with an open and confident attitude and strive to promote the clinical practice and research of GIST to a new height.

The literature of Japanese medical acupuncture introduced before 1949 has a definite impact on Chinese acupuncture and moxibustion in the period of Republic of China and the early period of the establishment of the People's Republic of China. In the present paper, the authors introduce its impact from: 1) Chinese medical works on acupuncture and moxibustion absorbed a lot of western medicine knowledge, and interpreted some underlying mechanisms chiefly according to the theory of nerve, blood and endocrine, including the meridian-collateral theory based on the structures of blood vessels, lymph vessels, nerves, etc.; 2) In some Chinese clinical books, some Japanese new techniques as "tube-needling" (sparrow-pecking needling, etc.) were introduced, the acupuncture treatment of disorders was discussed from the nomenclature of western medicine and some operative standards (dissection of acupuncture needles, etc.) in clinical practice were accepted; 3) Some western medicine courses, and subject settings were introduced in Chinese acupuncture education. In general, Japanese acupuncture literature introduced before 1949 promotes integration of traditional acupuncture theory and western medicine in the early period of new China, enriches practical techniques in clinical practice and accelerates the development of acupuncture education in some way.

The history of international spread of Chinese acupuncture and moxibustion is divided into three sta ges in this paper, and the spreading characteristics are analyzed. The first stage is approximately from the 6th century to the end of the 15th century, during which acupuncture and moxibustion were spread to neighboring countries by personnel exchanges; the spread towards Korean peninsula, Japan and Vietnam was considered the most successful communication. The second stage lasts from the beginning of 16th century to 1970. At the early time of this stage, the employees of the Dutch East Indian Company introduced acupuncture and moxibustion to European countries through Indonesia and Japan, leading to a short and small fashion; also the United States and Australia were involved. At the late time of this stage, by medical aid teams dispatched by China government, acupuncture and moxibustion were introduced to African countries. The third stage starts from 1971. With the establishment of Sino-US diplomatic relations as an opportunity, acupuncture and moxibustion were being spread rapidly to the world through radio, TV and internet. So far it has been introduced to more than 140 countries and areas. Performing serious studies on the spreading characteristics of three stages will promote the international communication of acupuncture and moxibustion, by which the world will have a better understanding onthe broad and profound traditional cultures of China.

Objective: Neonatal intrahepatic cholestasis caused by citrin deficiency (NICCD, MIM#605814) is an inherited metabolic disease resulting from mutations of the gene SLC25A13, which encodes citrin, a liver-type mitochondrial aspartate-glutamate carrier. Mutation analysis is necessary for definitive diagnosis of NICCD patients. So far (March, 2007), 36 kinds of mutation, including 7 nonsense, 10 missense, 11 abnormal splicing, 4 insertion and 4 deletion, have been identified by Kobayashi's group, who cloned the gene in Kagoshima, Japan. To date, most of the NICCD patients reported in the world are Japanese. This study aimed to explore the gene diagnosis procedure of two known SLC25A13 mutations in a pedigree with an NICCD patient from China., Methods: DNA was extracted from dried blood spots collected with filter papers from the proband and other 9 members in a NICCD pedigree from China, and then PCR amplification and agarose gel electrophoresis were performed, revealing two mutations preliminarily, which were further proved by Genescan, a procedure established in our laboratory already. Furthermore, the positions and characteristics of the mutations were finally confirmed by DNA sequencing., Results: The proband is a compound heterozygote of two mutations, 851-854del in exon 9 and 1638-1660dup in exon 16 of SLC25A13 gene. His mother and brother carry the former mutation, which predicts a frameshift and introduction of a stop codon at position 286, while his father, one aunt and her son carry the latter, resulting in a frameshift at codon 554, and introducing a stop codon at position 570., Conclusion: A deletion mutation 851-854del in exon 9 and an insertion mutation 1638-1660dup in exon 16 of SLC25A13 gene were identified in the pedigree, providing reliable evidences for both diagnostic confirmation of the patient and the genetic counseling from other members in the pedigree.

Firstly, IHE technical framework is introduced in this paper, and the sub-framework of Schedule Workflow is also described. Secondly, the development of IHE in Japan and the formation of IHE-J are presented, and in combination with IDS system's practice in IHE-J, some ideas about developing IHE in China and the relative methods of implementation are discussed.

RNA4 segment of a severe isolate of Rice stripe virus, isolated from Liaoning province and designated as PJ isolate, was amplified, cloned and sequenced. RNA4 of PJ isolate had 2157 nucleotide in length. When compared with RNA4 of T and M isolates of Japan and CX isolate of Yunnan province of China that had been previously reported, we found that these four isolates could be divided into two groups. PJ, T and M isolates shared 97.0% and 97.0%-97.5% identities in vORF4 and vcOFR4 at the nucleotide level, respectively and formed one group. The sequences in 5' and 3' terminal non-encoding region were completely identical among these three isolates. In this group, PJ isolate was more closely related to T isolate than to M isolate. The length of intergenic region(IR4) of PJ isolate was as same as that of T isolate, and had 93.0% sequence identity. However, PJ IR4 had an insertion of 19 bp in length compared with isolate M and had only 85.0% sequence identity. CX isolate belonged to another group, which shared only 94.0% and 92.5%-93.5% sequences identities in vORF4 and vcORF4 at the nucleotide level, respectively, even though there were not significant difference between these two group at the amino acid level. There was an insertion of 84 bp in length in the IR4 of CX isolate compared with PJ isolate and the sequence identity between two group reached to 72.0%-75.0%. Even though no base variation occurred in 5' terminal non-coding region, there was two bases substitution in 3' terminal non-coding region. These results showed that the isolates were grouped according to their geographical location. Additionally, highly consensus in 5' and 3' non-encoding region suggested that these regions played an very important role in transcription and replication of viral genome. Finally, the molecular epidemiology and gene functions of Rice stripe virus were discussed in this paper.

The paper inquired into the situation of spread and influence of a distinguished physician of the Yuan dynasty, Hua Shou's medical books in Japan. Nippon editions of Hua Shou's medical books had been investigated. The conditions that Hua Shou's medical books were translated, annotated, studied by Japanese medical workers before Meiji, and the role of Hua Shou's medical books played on the medical education in Japan was also discussed.

As we know, the main HCV strain in Japan (HCV-J 4) is highly diverse in sequence from the original American strain (HCV-US). By comparing the sequences of these two strains, a region, located in the 3'-terminus of the putative E gene in HCV genome, was selected for PCR amplification. In this region, the Japanese strain showed high diversity from the American strain. From 4 patients, 8 isolates with the length of 277 bp, were cloned and sequenced. The homology of these 8 clones was high, indicating that these clones were in the same strain. This strain might be the major strain in China, named HCV-CHN1 in this paper. Since there were still many varieties in these 8 clones, HCV CHN1 could be possibly divided into 3 substrains. HCV-CHN1 was also found to be similar to HCV-J 4, with nucleotide homology of 83.4-86.3%, and amino acid homology of 78.3-88.0%, but remote from HCV-US, with homologies of only 68.6-72.6% and 69.6-73.9%, respectively. These results might be of paramount significance in developing the detection method for HCV infection and in preparing HCV vaccine.

The work in this paper has a twofold aim: 1 Verifying the Chinese drug "Banxia" in medicinal books before 1900 as the tuber of Pinellia ternata (Araceae), While P.ternata in Qizhou (Licheng County, Shandong Province) had been mistaken for P.tripartita which only grow in Japan; 2 proving young tuber of P.pedatisecta to be "Youba" which was confused with "Banxia" in some ancient medicinal books, while "Youba" has been regarded as Arisaema regens so far.