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Pro,state cancer is the .second most common cancer in men and the fifth leading cau.se of cancer deaths in men.Although there is an initial response to traditional treatments which include radical prostatectomy, chemotherapy, androgen deprivation therapy, and so on, some patients eventually progress to castration-resistant prostate cancer. The human immune system can perform a monitoring function to kill tumor cells promptly, however,tumor cells also express PD-L1 as they evolve, which binds to PD-1 on T cells and can inhibit T cell function, ultimately inducing immune evasion. The in-depth study of PD-1/PD-L1 in the mechanism of immune evasion in prostate cancer may provide new therapeutic strategies for the future application of PD-1/ PD-L1-based immunotherapy in prostate cancer treatment. In this paper, we will review the latest research progress of PD-1/ PD-L1 in prostate cancer immunotherapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Cancer Biotherapy is the property of Editorial Office of Chinese Journal of Cancer Biotherapy and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Cancer Biotherapy is the property of Editorial Office of Chinese Journal of Cancer Biotherapy and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Cancer Biotherapy is the property of Editorial Office of Chinese Journal of Cancer Biotherapy and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Immunotherapy has become the cornerstone of current malignant tumor treatment. However, the response of different patients to immunotherapy is highly heterogeneous, and not all patients can benefit from it. There is an urgent need to find biomarkers that can effectively predict the efficacy of immunotherapy. C-C chemokine ligand 4 (CCL4) is a cytokine, belonging to the inflammatory CCL subfamily. It is mainly secreted by immune cells and tumor cells and shows low or no expression in normal tissues but abnormally high expression in various malignant tumor tissues. After binding to CCL4 and its receptor C-C chemokine receptor type 5 (CCR5), it can recruit and mediate immune cell migration, destroy the stability of the tumor microenvironment (TME), participate in carcinogenesis and promote the development of tumors. In the tumor immune microenvironment, CCL4 can mediate and recruit the directed migration of key immune cells such as monocytes, macrophages, natural killer (NK) cells, and T cells, which makes it a potentially important element affecting the efficacy of immunotherapy and has specific value. This paper reviews the research progresses of CCL4's effects on immune escape in TME, in order to provide clues and references for basic research and clinical diagnosis and treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Myasthenia gravis (MG) is an autoimmune disease mediated by anti-acetylcholine receptor (AChR) antibodies and dependent on CD4 positive T lymphocytes (CD4+T) cells. MicroRNA (miRNA) is an endogenous small single-stranded non-coding RNA that involved in post-transcriptional regulation and plays an important role in differentiation and function of CD4+T cells. Increasing evidences have shown that changes of miRNAs happened in MG patients, which may participate in the occurrence and development of MG by regulating CD4+T cells, and miRNA may be a potential therapeutic target for MG. In this paper, relationship between miRNA and MG was reviewed in order to provide new ideas for further research on the pathogenesis and clinical diagnosis and treatment of MG. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research / Zhongguo Zuzhi Gongcheng Yanjiu is the property of Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Cancer Biotherapy is the property of Editorial Office of Chinese Journal of Cancer Biotherapy and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

[Objectives]The paper aimed to investigate the immunological enhancement of acidic Alhagi sparsifolia Shap polysaccharide(aASP)on mouse splenic lymphocytes. [Methods]aASP was extracted by alcohol precipitation, separated and purified by column chromatography, and the contents of sugar, uronic acid, and protein were detected using phenol sulfuric acid method, sulfuric acid-carbazole method, and BCA microplate reader. The polysaccharide properties were identified by infrared spectroscopy. MTT assay was used to determine the safe concentration of aASP on mouse splenic lymphocytes, and the proliferative effects of aASP alone and synergistic lipopolysaccharide(LPS)and phytoheamagglutinin(PHA)on splenic lymphocytes were detected at three concentrations of 500, 125 and 31.25 μg·mL-1 within the safe concentration range; the effect of aASP on lymphocyte differentiation was detected by flow cytometry; the effect of aASP on lymphocyte cytokine secretion was detected by ELISA. [Results]The contents of polysaccharide, uronic acid, and protein in aASP extracts were(81.8±1.2)%, (17.34±0.75)%, and(0.54±0.08)%, respectively. Infrared spectra showed that aASP had a strong absorption peak at 1 746.53 cm-1, and combined with the content of uronic acid, aASP could be identified as acidic polysaccharide. High, medium, and low concentrations of aASP could promote the proliferation of splenic lymphocytes, and aASP synergistic with LPS and PHA could significantly promote the proliferation of B cells and T lymphocytes(P<0.05). The results of flow cytometry and ELISA showed that aASP was able to promote the differentiation of CD4+ and CD8a+ T cells and promote the secretion of IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-4 in splenic lymphocytes. [Conclusions]aASP can boost the proliferation of splenic lymphocytes in mice, induce Th1(helper T lymphocyte 1)and Th2(helper T lymphocyte 2)mixed immune responses in splenic T lymphocytes, and the immune cells are biased towards CD4+ T cell differentiation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Central China Normal University is the property of Huazhong Normal University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Central China Normal University is the property of Huazhong Normal University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

[Objective] The present paper aimed to construct the eukaryotic expression vector of rotavirus（Rotavirus, RV）non-structural protein1（NSP1）and 3（NSP3）and express it in human embryonic kidney epithelial HEK239 T cells, and then to study the preliminary effect of rotavirus NSP3 on the activity of IFN-β/ISRE reporter gene in vitro. [Method] First, the NSP1 and NSP3 coding genes of ape rotavirus SA11 strain were synthesized and cloned into the cloning vector pUCm-T, the target fragments of NSP1 and NSP3 were amplified by PCR, and then the eukaryotic expression plasmids specifically expressing recombinant proteins pRK-Flag-NSP1/pRK-HA-NSP1 and pRK-Flag-NSP3/pRK-HA-NSP3 were constructed by using eukaryotic expression vectors pRK-Flag and pRK-HA as skeletons. The plasmids were transfected into HEK293 T cells after restriction endonuclease digestion and sequencing. The expression of NSP1/NSP3 protein was identified by Western blot. Then, the recombinant plasmid pRK-Flag-NSP1/pRK-Flag-NSP3 and IFN-β-Luc/ISRE-Luc plasmid were co-transfected into HEK239 T cells. After stimulated by RIG-IN（RIG-I activation domain）, the effect of NSP1/NSP3 protein on the activity of IFN-β/ISRE reporter gene was determined by double luciferase reporter gene system. [Result] The full-length genes of NSP1 and NSP3 were cloned successfully, and the eukaryotic expression plasmids pRK-Flag-NSP1/pRK-HA-NSP1 and pRK-Flag-NSP3/pRK-HA-NSP3, of NSP1 and NSP3 protein of ape rotavirus strain SA11 were constructed. The successful expression of NSP1 and NSP3 protein was confirmed by transfection and expression of Western blot in HEK293 T cells. Recombinant plasmids pRK-Flag-NSP1 and pRK-Flag-NSP3 could significantly reduce the activity of double luciferase induced by RIG-IN. [Conclusion] NSP1 and NSP3 proteins can inhibit the activities of IFN-β and ISRE promoters stimulated by RIG-IN, which proves that NSP3 protein has the same function as NSP1 protein in inhibiting IFN-β signal pathway, which lays a theoretical foundation for further study on the mechanism of NSP3 protein regulating type I interferon signal pathway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Programmed cell death receptor 1 (PD-1) is a membrance-spanning protein mostly expressed in the T cell, and combines with programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) in the targeting cell. When binding to the ligand on tumor cells, PD-1 as an immunosuppressive molecule, can inhibit the immune function of T cells, thus tumor immune escape. For example, depletion of peripheral effector T cell and accelerate the transformation of effector T cells into regulator T cells. To solve this problem, PD-1 antibody is used to bind to PD-1 on T cells to inhibit the interaction between PD-1 on the T cells and PD-L1 on the tumor cells so that it can restore the function of T cells to kill tumor cell. PD-1 antibodies, such as Nivolumab and Pembrolizumb, are approved as a first-line treatment for advanced non-small cell lung cell cancer. However, due to the interaction of tumor cells, T cells and cytokines, some patients developed drug resistance which reduces the efficacy of immunotherapy. Hence, how to overcome resistance has become a urgent problem. Cereblon (CRBN), a substrate receptor of the DDB1-cullin-RING E3 ubiquitin ligase complex and the only known molecular receptor of immunoregulatory drugs, has been found to reverse PD-1 antibody resistance by binding to CRBN regulatory agents (CMS), exert T cell immune function by regulating proliferation, activation and metabolism of T cell. In this paper, the mechanism of down-regulation of T cells leading to resistance of PD-1 antibody in lung cancer, the mechanism of CRBN regulating T cells, and research progress of CRBN regulator in the treatment of lung cancer were reviewed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Central China Normal University is the property of Huazhong Normal University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

【Objective】This paper aimed to establish the 293 T and HT 1080 cell lines with CRISPR/Cpf1 gene by lentiviral vector and further to realize the high-efficiency gene editing. 【Method】AsCpf1 and LbCpf1 gene was amplified by PCR technique, which was inserted into the pLent-EF1 a-MF-CMV-GFP-P2 A-Puro vector. Monolayer of 293 FT cells were cotransfected with three plasmids psPAX2, pMD2.G and Cpf1 in pLent-EF1 a-MF-CMV-GFP-P2 A-Puro. The recombinant lentivirus expressing LbCpf1 and AsCpf1 was harvested, and the titer of virus was calculated by fluorescence microscope 48 hours later. The purified lentivirus was used to infect 293 T cell and the transduced cells were selected with puromycin and single cell colonies were isolated and verified for DNA, RNA and cDNA. Single cell colonies were transfected by sgRNA targeting the exons ABCG1 CDS regions to the functional domains of ABCG1 genes, and gene knockout efficiency was measured by DNA specificity and T7 EΙ digestion. 【Result】DNA sequnencing verified that Cpf1-pLent was constructed successfully, and the titer of recombinant lentivirus was greater than 10~6 TU/mL. Three cell lines expressing Cpf1 stably were obtained, two of which(AsCpf1-293 T-7 D and AsCpf1-HT1080 02-3 B) the targeted gene was knocked out successfully by T7 EΙ digestion. 【Conclusion】 293 T and HT 1080 cells stably expressing Cpf1 was successfully constructed, which could be a valuable tool for gene editing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

hronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and lung cancer are global high incidence and high mortality diseases, which seriously increase the socio-economic burden. Smoke exposure, genetic susceptibility and chronic inflammation are common susceptible factors. At present, abnormal inflammatory immune response plays an important role in the occurrence and development of the two diseases. In the process of immune response, tumor microenvironment (TME) is gradually produced, which is beneficial to angiogenesis and immunosuppression, and finally leads to immune escape of tumor cells, leading to tumor formation. In this paper, the present situation of COPD complicated with lung cancer and the relationship between abnormal immune response, especially Treg/Th17, and its occurrence and development are briefly reviewed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the in-depth study of tumor immunity, immunotherapy represented by immune checkpoint inhibitors has made a great breakthrough in solid tumors. Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) accounts for about 15%-20% of all lung cancers, with high malignancy, early metastasis and lack of effective treatment strategy. The appearance of immune checkpoint inhibitors brings new hope for SCLC. Several clinical trials have demonstrated the persistent efficacy and clinical activity of the programmed death receptor/ligand 1 (PD-1/L1) and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4) in the treatment of SCLC. However, its efficacy and safety are not very accurate, and the markers that can effectively predict the efficacy of immunotherapy have not been concluded. In this paper, for further changing the treatment strategy of SCLC clinical practice and providing theoretical basis of research, we reviewed the progress of immune checkpoint inhibitors, related markers in the treatment of SCLC by exploring the value, problems and challenges of immunotherapy in SCLC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Practical Medicine / Shiyong Yixue Zazhi is the property of Journal of Practical Medicine Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: To investigate clinical efficacy of pediatric massage combined with Xiaoer Xiaoji Zhike oral liquid and azithromycin in the treatment of children of mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (MPP) and its effect on immune function and inflammatory factors. Methods: 80 cases of children with MPP who were treated in our hospital from March 2018 to June 2019 were selected. According to the different treatment methods, they were divided into the control group (azithromycin and Xiaoer Xiaoji Zhike oral liquid treatment, n=40) and the study group (pediatric massage, Xiaoer Xiaoji Zhike oral liquid, azithromycin treatment, n=40). The clinical efficacy of the two groups and the improvement of children's symptoms during the treatment were observed, peripheral blood T lymphocyte subsets, adverse reactions and serum inflammatory factors between the two groups were compared. Results: Compared with the control group, the clinical total effective rate of the study group was higher (P<0.05). Compared with the control group, the study group had a shorter of lung rales, cough and X-ray film of lung lesions to disappear time and antipyretic time (P<0.05). Compared with the control group, CD3+, CD4+ and CD4+/CD8+ in the study group was higher at 14 d after treatment, CD8+ was lower (P<0.05). Compared with the control group, interleukin-1β (IL-1β), C-reactive protein (CRP) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in the study group were lower (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in incidence of adverse reactions in two groups (P>0.05). Conclusion: Pediatric massage combined with Xiaoer Xiaoji Zhike oral liquid and azithromycin in the treatment of children with MPP can promote the improvement of symptoms, optimize the clinical treatment effect, and effectively regulate the immune function and inflammatory factor levels of children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Mycosystema is the property of Mycosystema Editorial Board and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Power consumption is becoming a pressing issue in SRAM cell design. Recent research shows that SRAM power contributes a key part of the whole chip power consumption. In this paper, we present a new 6T-SRAM cell structure for nano-scale technology with stability of low power application by using separate write and read operation. Simulation results with standard 65nm CMOS technology show the correct operation, the speed is closed to the traditional 6T cell, power consumption reduces about 22.45 % during write 0. In particular, this structure maintains its data with leakage current and positive feedback in idle mode which can greatly improve the power consumption of the nano-scale SRAM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]