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Taking Landsat8 OLI（operational land imager）as the remote sensing data source, the secondary survey of forest resources and the census of geographical conditions as the main supplementary data, this paper carries out the inversion and estimation of aboveground biomass (AGB).Taking the natural forest in Jinzhai county, Anhui province as the research object, the quantitative inversion model of AGB is established by calculating the spectral, texture and topographic features of Landsat8 OLI covering the study area.By using the second class survey of forest resources, the general survey of geographical conditions and field survey data, the influence of different features on AGB estimation is analyzed.Experimental results show that the relative error between the measured value and the estimated value of the optimal inversion model is 0.708 718 and root mean square error is 1.318 983 based on the forest aboveground biomass obtained by the method adopted in this paper. According to the model, the total biomass of Jinzhai county is 4 723 728 530 t, and the results are in line with the actual situation.The quantitative inversion of AGB and the land method adopted in this study are available for large-scale monitoring of forest resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]