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Copyright of Journal of Beijing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine is the property of Journal of Beijing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Osteoporosis is the property of Chinese Journal of Osteoporosis and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

[Objectives] This paper is based on the previous study on the breast-protecting function of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS).Here we further studied one of the main members in this family, angiotensin converting enzyme2 (ACE2), on its function and mechanism in AngII induced oxidative stress, inflammation injury and apoptosis. [Methods] The Holstein cows with 6 healthy lactation periods were randomly divided into the control groupm (cencontrate):m (forage)=4:6and the high grain diet groupm (cencontrate):m (forage)=6:4, and the single column fixed time quantitative feeding was used. After feeding for 20 weeks, the breast tissue was taken from the living body. The following experiments were carried out:1) determine the oxidative stress index of·OH, TNOS and SOD in mammary tissue; 2) ELISA method was used to determine TNF-α, IL-1β inflammatory index and Caspase-3, Bax, Bcl-2 apoptosis index; 3) Western blot analyzed the expression of ACE2 and ACE protein in breast tissue. [Results] Comparing with control group, the level of·OH in the mammary gland tissues of dairy cows fed the high grain diet increased significantly (P < 0.01), the activity of TNOS and SOD decreased, and the activity of TNOS decreased significantly (P < 0.05), the levels of TNF-α and IL-1β of inflammatory factors increased significantly (P < 0.05), and Caspase-3 and Bax levels of apoptotic protein increased significantly (P < 0.01). The level of inhibition of apoptotic protein Bcl-2 significantly decreased (P < 0.05);the concentration of AngII and the expression of ACE protein in breast tissue increased significantly (P < 0.05), and the concentration of Ang1-7 and the expression of ACE2 protein decreased significantly (P < 0.05). [Conclusions] Long-term feeding of high grain diet can cause a certain degree of damage to the mammary gland tissue of dairy cows and cause recessive mastitis, which shows a significant increase in the release of·OH, the decrease of antioxidant enzyme activity, and the enhancement of the inflammatory response to the apoptosis of the cells. In this process, the local RAS system of the breast was activated, the key members of the ACE-AngII-AT1R axis, ACE and AngII, were significantly increased, and the key members of the ACE2-Ang1-7-MasR axis ACE2 and Ang1-7 were significantly reduced. The results suggest that the imbalance of the two axis of the RAS system in the local mammary gland, with lower level of ACE2 and the high level of AngII, may be the main mechanism of breast injury. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Heart failure is a complex clinical syndrome, and impaired filling or ejection disorders result from any ventricular structure or dysfunction can cause heart failure. The prevalence of heart failure in adult populations in developed countries has reached 1% to 2%, while the prevalence in elderly people over 70 years of age has increased to ≥10%. With the population aging and the prevalence of coronary heart disease increased, the prevalence of heart failure has increased, becoming a disable and fatal disease. The changes of the central nervous system hormones such as renin-angiotensin system (RAS), inflammatory cytokines (proinflammatory cytokines, PIC), and reactive oxygen species (ROS) may be closely related to increased central activity in heart failure, which can significantly alter the activities of peripheral sympathetic nerves. Constant sympathetic nervous activity is an important cause of development of heart failure, so reducing the sympathetic excitability of heart failure is regarded as one of the focuses of treatment and research. This paper focuses on the influence of central neurohormone on heart failure and possible central mechanism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is a classical circulating enzyme pathway that plays an important role in regulation of pancreatic function. In recent years, with deepening understanding of RAS, researchers found that RAS not only includes the classical ACE-Ang II-AT1 axis, but also includes the new ACE2-Ang (1-7)-Mas axis. Extensive studies have confirmed that the ACE2-Ang (1-7)-Mas axis can antagonize the effect of the ACE-Ang II-AT1 axis. This paper reviews the composition and function of both axes of the RAS in the local pancreas, and also presents the comparison between the two axes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]