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Copyright of China Pulp & Paper is the property of China Pulp & Paper Magazines Publisher and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper introduces the conventional treatment methods of agriculture wastewater, including chemical methods and biological methods. These methods have problems of low efficiency, secondary pollution and high cost. Based on the significant advantages of microalgae purification of wastewater that can achieve pollutant removal and wastewater resource utilization, the current research status of microalgae purification of agriculture wastewater is described, and the problems of microalgae purification of agriculture wastewater are presented with respect to the current research. In view of these problems, suggestions are given to solve the problems of microalgae purification of agriculture wastewater, which provide a reference for the future use of microalgae to purify agriculture wastewater. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of South China University of Technology (Natural Science Edition) is the property of South China University of Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of China Pulp & Paper is the property of China Pulp & Paper Magazines Publisher and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of China Pulp & Paper is the property of China Pulp & Paper Magazines Publisher and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Computer Engineering & Applications is the property of Beijing Journal of Computer Engineering & Applications Journal Co Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In order to solve the problems of the current art circulation information is not transparent and the centralized trading authority is asymmetric, this paper proposed a art blockchain certificate traceability model based on three chains. First, in view of the large amount of data in a single piece of artwork information, this paper proposed a blockchain-based symmetric searchable encryption algorithm, and used the interplanetary file system to securely store artwork circulation records on-chain and off-chain. Secondly, for the characteristics of the increasing effective data of artwork information, this paper proposed a blockchain-based inverted fast query and traceability algorithm to help data users realize fast traceability and positioning. At the same time, this paper proposed for the first time that the false information alliance chain stores false art circulation records to realize the processing of false information. Finally, experiments verify the feasibility of the model for big data security storage and fast query traceability. Experiments show that the model is feasible and the query method is efficient. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposed an electronic voting scheme based on one-time ring signature and blockchain to solve the problems of the current e-voting system in terms of anonymity, transparency and open vote-counting. This paper introduced one-time ring signature, blockchain and stealth address technology. The one-time ring signature technology solved the problem of voter anonymity, repeated voting and public verification. The blockchain technology could ensure the openness and transparency of the e-voting system. The one-time ring signature technology could ensure no one or institution could obtain the voting intermediate result before the voting ends. In order to improve the efficiency of vote-counting,it used the method of key sharing to improve the vote-counting algorithm. Through security and performance analysis, the scheme conforms to the basic security standards of an electronic voting system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of China Pulp & Paper is the property of China Pulp & Paper Magazines Publisher and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of China Pulp & Paper is the property of China Pulp & Paper Magazines Publisher and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Computer Engineering & Applications is the property of Beijing Journal of Computer Engineering & Applications Journal Co Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of South China University of Technology (Natural Science Edition) is the property of South China University of Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Liquid Crystal & Displays is the property of Chinese Journal of Liquid Crystal & Displays and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Acta Materiae Compositae Sinica is the property of Acta Materiea Compositae Sinica Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In order to solve the problem that traditional office products cannot adapt to the personalized needs of SOHO users in the new era, the priority of user needs was studied based on fuzzy KANO-IPA analysis method in this paper. The needs of SOHO users were collected through literature review, questionnaire survey, and user interview, and then the current situation of SOHO desks was sort out. A fuzzy KANO questionnaire survey was conducted according to the collected demand points, and the functional attributes were screened. According to the IPA analysis method, the functional requirements were prioritized.The SOHO desk design elements that meet the users' requirements were also obtained, which could provide guidance for design. Taking SOHO multi-function desk as an example, the effectiveness of the model was verified. The results showed that the integration of fuzzy KANO-IPA analysis model can accurately refine user needs, facilitate designers to understand and determine design priorities, and also provide reference for relevant designs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Experimental Technology & Management is the property of Experimental Technology & Management Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of e-Education Research is the property of Northwest Normal University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Accurate photovoltaic (PV) identification is critical for the effective and healthy development of PV industry. PV recognition is hampered by the complex background and variable shape and color of PV panels in high-resolution remote sensing images. This paper proposes a method for accurately extracting photovoltaic land from high-resolution remote sensing images. The encoder and decoder functions in this network combine multi-layer features to combine rich semantic data. Important spatial and channel properties are captured using the global convolution and the dual attention mechanism, while some lost channel data are recovered using the channel fusion module. The proposed method can effectively solve the problems of photovoltaic panel blurred edges and adhesion. Experiments on open PV datasets show that the IoU of the proposed method in PV01, PV03, and PV08 is 87.02%, 92.98%, and 88.43%, respectively, when compared to U-Net, SegNet, DeepLabv3, and DeepLabv3+. Experimental results show that the proposed method can achieve high accuracy segmentation of photovoltaic panels in high-resolution remote sensing images. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to meet the downstream water demand in the open channel water transfer project, this paper considers it necessary to formulate the control scheme in advance. The design of feed forward control scheme is often complicated, and there are many influencing factors, which make it difficult for dispatchers to make decisions quickly. Based on the storage compensation method, this paper applies feed forward control to the section from Diaohe control gate to Jialihe control gate of the middle route of South-to-North Water Transfer Project. Based on the calculation results of storage compensation, the relationship between the initial flow, water diversion flow and feed forward control time is analyzed, and a fast calculation formula of feed forward control time with single and double variables is established. The influence of different factors on the downstream water level deviation of storage compensation control is explored, and the functional relationship between the initial flow, water diversion flow and the maximum deviation of the downstream water level is obtained. In order to solve the problem that the deviation of the downstream water level under the original storage compensation control is too large in the extreme working condition of engineering operation, the feed forward control of the channel pool is carried out by using the secondary storage compensation rule, which effectively reduces the downstream water level deviation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims to provide a framework of perspectives to analyze and understand the characteristics of school crisis and to propose different strategies and procedures to manage it. Classifies potential causes and consequences of school crises. Generates five perspectives for understanding school crises based on different management paradigms. (DSK)

Copyright of Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering is the property of Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Cryptologic Research is the property of Editorial Board of Journal of Cryptologic Research and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Cryptologic Research is the property of Editorial Board of Journal of Cryptologic Research and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

To solve the problems in facial expression editing originated from the influence of the face pose, the small sample data-bases such as sketch or Caricature databases, and the insufficient training data, this paper proposes a Riemann framework based on discrete shape space. In this framework, we can not only resolve the data limitations, but also realize expression interpolation and extrapolation using nonlinear method. The key idea off this paper is building a representation using facial landmarks based on discrete shape space. Built upon the proposed representation, 3D modeling is realized based on an image in the shape space. Then, the 2D caricature or sketch expression extrapolation process can be controlled by the 3D model reconstructed from the input image, and the exaggerated expressions of the caricature or sketch mages generated based on the extrapolated expression of a 3D model that is robust to fad poses in the Kendall shape space. The reason lies in that the Kendall shape space can effectively remove rigid transformations, such as transition, sating and rotation. The experimental results demonstrate that our method can effectively and automatically extrapolate fatal expressions in caricatures or sketches with high consistency and fidelity. Furthermore, compared with the deep earning method, our approach can avoid the construction if complicated training sets for caricature or sketch. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Automobile Technology & Material is the property of Automobile Technology & Material Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Automobile Technology & Material is the property of Automobile Technology & Material Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Railway Signalling & Communication Engineering is the property of Railway Signalling & Communication Engineering and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Railway Signalling & Communication Engineering is the property of Railway Signalling & Communication Engineering and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Nuclear Safety is the property of Nuclear & Radiation Safety Center and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Control Theory & Applications / Kongzhi Lilun Yu Yinyong is the property of Editorial Department of Control Theory & Applications and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Liquid Crystal & Displays is the property of Chinese Journal of Liquid Crystal & Displays and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In view of the large number of joint power stations in the basin but the existence of disputes in the distribution of benefits, a more reasonable method of benefit distribution for cascade power stations is proposed. Based on Shapley value method and TOPSIS method, considering the contribution of power stations and the relative satisfaction of power stations with different objective allocation methods, this paper establishes a compensation benefit allocation model of cascade power stations based on TOPSIS-Shapley value method. At the same time, in order to solve the limitation of Shapley value method in solving the problem of joint scheduling gain allocation of multi-stakeholder cascade power stations, the paper introduces the idea of aggregation dimension reduction. The idea of the model is as follows : the increment of the cascade power generation benefits before and after the joint dispatching of the upstream power station is taken as the compensation benefit. Firstly, four different objective allocation methods are used to calculate the characteristic parameter indexes of the power station to form the basic decision matrix of TOPSIS. The TOPSIS principle is used to obtain the relative satisfaction of the power station to each allocation method. At the same time, the coalition game theory is used to calculate the power generation benefits of all possible coalition modes of the power station, and the compensation benefit allocation results based on Shapley value are obtained. Finally, the allocation coefficient obtained by TOPSIS principle is combined with the allocation coefficient obtained by Shapley value method to form a comprehensive allocation weight, which is applied to the compensation benefit allocation of eight-stage power station in the upper reaches of the Heihe River. The engineering application example shows that the method not only considers the marginal contribution of the union power station to the whole and the satisfaction degree of each power station, but also takes into account the difference of the characteristic index of the power station, and reasonably quantifies and distributes the power generation compensation benefit among the power stations. The allocation result is fair and reasonable and easy to be accepted by all parties, which can promote the power stations at all levels in the basin to participate in the joint dispatching so as to achieve the goal of maximizing the overall benefit. It has an important reference significance for the distribution of compensation benefits of a large number of cascade hydropower stations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to investigate the dynamic stress characteristics of runner and distributor of pump-turbine, this paper establishes the solid domain models of stay vanes, guide vanes and runner, and carries out the FSI-based computation of runner and distributor. The calculation results show that the stress concentration at the "T" junction between the runner blade and crown is related to the vortex development state at the runner inlet the dynamic and static interference between runner and guide vanes is the main source of pressure pulsation in the vaneless zone, where the main frequency is the blade passing frequency ; the dynamic stress of guide vanes and runner is generally high because the pump-turbine is easily involved in the unstable area while working under smaller GVO (guide vanes opening) or low head conditions. The dynamic stress of guide vanes is greater than that of the runner owing to its constraint guidance effect on water flow, and increased flow rate is beneficial to reducing the dynamic stress of the runner. So for the purpose of improving the dynamic stress of runner, the measures could be ime, in order to solve the limitation of Shapley value method in solving the problem of joint scheduling gain allocation of multi-stakeholder cascade power stations, the paper introduces the idea of aggregation dimension reduction. The idea of the model is as follows : the increment of the cascade power generation benefits before and after the joint dispatching of the upstream power station is taken as the compensation benefit. Firstly, four different objective allocation methods are used to calculate the characteristic parameter indexes of the power station to form the basic decision matrix of TOPSIS. The TOPSIS principle is used to obtain the relative satisfaction of the power station to each allocation method. At the same time, the coalition game theory is used to calculate the power generation benefits of all possible coalition modes of the power station, and the compensation benefit allocation results based on Shapley value are obtained. Finally, the allocation coefficient obtained by TOPSIS principle is combined with the allocation coefficient obtained by Shapley value method to form a comprehensive allocation weight, which is applied to the compensation benefit allocation of eight-stage power station in the upper reaches of the Heihe River. The engineering application example shows that the method not only considers the marginal contribution of the union power station to the whole and the satisfaction degree of each power station, but also takes into account the difference of the characteristic index of the power station, and reasonably quantifies and distributes the power generation compensation benefit among the power stations. The allocation result is fair and reasonable and easy to be accepted by all parties, which can promote the power stations at all levels in the basin to participate in the joint dispatching so as to achieve the goal of maximizing the overall benefit. It has an important reference significance for the distribution of compensation benefits of a large number of cascade hydropower stations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

At present, the quality inspection of chemical fiber products mainly relies on the naked eye recognition of inspectors, which has strong instability, in addition, traditional image recognition technology needs to set specific model detection according to specific defects, and the versatility is weak. Therefore, a model based on Convolutional Block Attention Module and VGG with modified fully connected layer (CBAM-VMFC) for image recognition of chemical fiber cake defects was proposed. In order to classify and identify qualified images, large areas of tripwires filament, paper tube breakage and small areas of hairiness images were classified and recognized. Firstly, the sample imbalance problem was solved by oversampling; Secondly, the traditional three fully connected layers were adjusted to two fully connected layers of size 256 and 1, and the Dropout method was added to prevent overfitting; Finally, the CBAM module was added between the convolutional layer and the fully connected layer to obtain the features of interest based on the spatial domain and channel domain. The results show that this method can effectively reduce the amount of memory calculation by 440 MB, accelerate the convergence speed of the model, and effectively identify the appearance defects of fiber cake with an accuracy rate of 97. 5%, which meets the needs of industrial applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Mine Automation is the property of Industry & Mine Automation Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Petroleum Geology & Recovery Efficiency is the property of Petroleum Geology & Recovery Efficiency and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Control Theory & Applications / Kongzhi Lilun Yu Yinyong is the property of Editorial Department of Control Theory & Applications and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Computer Engineering & Applications is the property of Beijing Journal of Computer Engineering & Applications Journal Co Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Computer Engineering & Applications is the property of Beijing Journal of Computer Engineering & Applications Journal Co Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Computer Engineering & Applications is the property of Beijing Journal of Computer Engineering & Applications Journal Co Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Computer Engineering & Applications is the property of Beijing Journal of Computer Engineering & Applications Journal Co Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Computer Engineering & Applications is the property of Beijing Journal of Computer Engineering & Applications Journal Co Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Railway Signalling & Communication Engineering is the property of Railway Signalling & Communication Engineering and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Computer Engineering & Applications is the property of Beijing Journal of Computer Engineering & Applications Journal Co Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Frontiers of Computer Science & Technology is the property of Beijing Journal of Computer Engineering & Applications Journal Co Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Frontiers of Computer Science & Technology is the property of Beijing Journal of Computer Engineering & Applications Journal Co Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of CT Theory & Applications is the property of Editorial Department of CT Theory & Applications and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)