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Copyright of China Pulp & Paper is the property of China Pulp & Paper Magazines Publisher and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

SiC is the ideal material for RF devices and power devices. Resistance-heated physical vapor transport method is considered a promising way to grow large size (especially 6 and 8 inch) SiC crystals due to its temperature uniformity. In recent years, the introduction of new technique such as the use of porous graphite improved the SiC crystal quality and yield, while there are only a few relatively comprehensive studies on its mechanism. This paper made comprehensive research on the influence of porous graphite on SiC growth system by means of numerical simulation. The crystal growth experiments under numerical simulation conditions have been carried out accordingly. The numerical simulation results show that the porous graphite raises the temperature and temperature uniformity within the powder area, which can strengthen the sublimation of powder. The temperature difference between the powder and the seed inside the crucible is improved and a greater growth driving force is obtained. The effect of decrease of the re-crystallization at powder surface has also been proved. Besides, the porous graphite improves the flow stability across the whole growth process, and assures a stable crystal growth. The C/ Si ratio has been increased under the influence of porous graphite, and thus reduces the probability of phase transition. The crystal shape has also been improved. The subsequent growth experiments verified the conclusions of numerical simulations such as the improvement of flow uniformity, decrease of poly-type transition probability, improvement of crystal shape, etc. The results of this paper have practical significance on comprehending the effecting mechanism of porous graphite and improving the SiC crystal growth conditions for better crystal quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With non-toxic nature, wide bandgap, and thermal stability, Sn-based perovskite materials have become a hot topic in the field of perovskite solar cell research. In this paper, the SCAPS-1D software was used to construct the FTO/TiO2/CH3NH3SnI3/Spiro-OMeTAD/ Ag perovskite solar cells and the performances of the constructed cells were calculated. The effects of the thickness of absorption and hole buffer layer, the surface defects between hole buffer layer and absorption layer, and the operating temperature on the device performance were studied, then the device performance was optimized. The photoelectric conversion efficiency of the optimized perovskite solar cell is 30. 955%. The theoretical analysis suggests a new approach for enhancing the photoelectric conversion efficiency of perovskite solar cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to solve the problem of sediment accumulation in the diversion canal, which adversely affects the water supply system, this paper designs a diversion and sand discharge system at the head of the canal to improve the efficiency of water use. According to the measured data of a section of the Yellow River Ningxia, a two-dimensional numerical simulation is used to construct a two-dimensional hydrodynamic model and a sediment model based on MIKE 21 for a section of the Yellow River Ningxia to simulate the water diversion at the head of the canal under two different working conditions. The results of the study show that the diversion channel changes the equilibrium of the hydrodynamic elements of the river, direct diversion canal (case 1) flow dynamics axis has oscillated 46.6m towards the concave bank, the average sand content of the channel is 0.6 kg/m³ and the maximum sand content is 0.89 kg/m³; the axis of flow dynamics in the sand reduction diversion channel (case 2) has oscillated 62.6 m towards the concave bank, the flow velocity at the head of the channel is in the range of 0.2~0.4 m/s, the average sand content of the channel is 0.2 kg/m³ and the maximum sand content is 0.6 kg/m³. Therefore, the design of the head of case 2 can improve the sediment deposition problem of the diversion canal and enhance the durability of the water intake system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to explore the water movement characteristics of ball valve and DN63 tee combined deformation variant, this paper uses Fluent software to numerically calculate the combined deformation variant based on the Realizable k-ε turbulence model, and analyzes the effect of valve opening, Reynolds number and splitting ratio on the comprehensive resistance coefficient of combined deformation variant. The results show that when the flow velocity and splitting ratio are certain, the opening degree of the ball valve has a significant effect on the comprehensive loss of the combined deformation parts, with the increase in the opening degree, the flow velocity gradient in the spool decreases, and the vortex area is formed before and after the valve decreases. After the Reynolds number is more than 1.8 x 105, it tends to be stable. The most important factor causing the integrated local loss of the combined deformation is the size of the valve opening, followed by the variation of the shunt ratio and Reynolds number. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of World Nuclear Geoscience is the property of World Nuclear Geoscience Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of China Harbour Engineering is the property of Editorial Office of China Harbour Engineering and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Coal Science & Technology (0253-2336) is the property of Coal Science & Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of World Nuclear Geoscience is the property of World Nuclear Geoscience Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Ordnance Equipment Engineering is the property of Chongqing University of Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Petroleum Geology & Recovery Efficiency is the property of Petroleum Geology & Recovery Efficiency and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

T-stress is one of the necessary physical quantities to characterize the stress field at the crack tip, and the properties of J-integral under its action remain to be investigated. The expression of J-integral considering T-stress was derived in this paper. The numerical simulation method was used to verify the expression under mode I, mode II and mixed mode I+II loading conditions, and a calculation method of crack tip stress field parameters based on J-integral was given. The theoretical derivation proves that the path conservation of the J1-integral is not affected by T-stress, but the value of the J2-integral meets the linear relationship with the square root of the distance from the start and end point of the integral path to the crack tip, and the coefficient of J2-r curve is related to T-stress. The finite element simulation results show that the crack length of the specimen has a significant effect on the J-integral, while the mesh size has a small effect on the J-integral calculation results. Under the same loading condition, J-integral values of different sizes specimens are different, but the trend of J2-r curve change is consistent with the expression derived from theory. Under mode II and mixed mode I+II loading conditions, the solving accuracy of T-stress is high, while under mode I loading conditions, J2 ≈ 0, the solving accuracy is reduced due to factors such as rounding error. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To study the stability of open-air slope with fault under seepage, this paper uses FLAC3D numerical simulation technology to establish a mechanical model of the sliding body under fault action, and deduce the expression of the stability coefficient of the longitudinal slope, to simulate the stability of the slope with fault under seepage action. The results show that the sensitivity analysis is carried out on four influencing factors such as elastic modulus of rock mass strength, cohesion, internal friction Angle, and tensile strength of rock mass. By analyzing the displacement, stress, strain and safety factor of slope under different working conditions of these four factors, the sensitivity analysis curve of each parameter is obtained. It can be seen from the sensitivity analysis curve that the cohesion of rock mass has the greatest influence on the slope stability, and the elastic modulus has the least influence on the slope stability. The main influencing factors of slope stability are different at different excavation stages. In the early stage of excavation, the main factor affecting slope stability is fault, which gradually changes to seepage in the later stage. This study provides a scientific basis for the future analysis of open-pit slope stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of China Sciencepaper is the property of China Sciencepaper and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Power Generation Technology is the property of Power Generation Technology Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of China Sciencepaper is the property of China Sciencepaper and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Ordnance Equipment Engineering is the property of Chongqing University of Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Experimental Technology & Management is the property of Experimental Technology & Management Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The constructional safety of bridge foundation under wave condition is related to the stability of bridge construction and needs to be paid enough attention. In this paper, the numerical models of wave acting on bridge foundations with the same wave area and four different sections of circular, round-end, rectangular and polygonal are established using numerical simulation based on the improved RNG κ-ε Model. The VOF method is used to simulate the free surface. The force differences are compared and analyzed with three-dimensional flow field data. The results indicate that under the same wave condition, the total horizontal wave force of circular structure is the smallest and that of the rectangular structure is the largest with the amplitude about 10% larger than that of the circular structure. Under the action of wave, the flow will be bypassed around the foundation, which will increase the flow velocity at part of the structure and cause concentration of flow velocity. This phenomenon is most prominent around rectangular structure, similar to that of polygonal structure, while the flow velocity concentration of circular and roundend structure is relatively weaker. Compared with the numerical simulation results, the wave force of the equivalent cylinder calculated according to the code is 23% ~ 29% larger, and the wave force calculated according to the equivalent square cylinder is 10% ~ 13% larger. From the perspective of engineering design, the use of circular arc structure design is conducive to reducing the wave load and weakening the increase and the concentration of flow velocity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The sediment-carrying capacity is reduced due to the rise of water level and the reduction of velocity, which leads to sedimentation in the reservoir, especially in front of the dam. Therefore, the storage capacity, flood control ability, and power generation are reduced, which affects reservoir functions and economic efficiency owing to reservoir sedimentation. The main measures to solve the problem of reservoir sedimentation include dredging in reservoir, reducing inflow sediment realized by soil protection and vegetation, as well as reservoir operation management such as "storing clear water and discharging muddy flow", and sediment discharging by heterogeneous flow, etc. In this paper, a normal funnel device with the smooth surface that has arbitrary order derivative is designed for discharging sediment in reservoir. The Euler two-phase flow near the normal funnel is numerically simulated with the Realizable k-e turbulence model on rectangle and O-type grids. Numerical model is tested by data on experiment flow that carried out in flume. The flow velocities, vorticities and sediment phase concentrations are analyzed under different boundary conditions. Research shows that velocity gradient is large in normal funnel, and phase concentration contours display the V-shaped asymmetrical distribution. Three large vorticity areas appear in the front edge, the left and right rear sides of the normal funnel. The large flow velocities and small resistance appear near the wall of the normal funnel. The average sediment concentrations at the output of the normal funnel are 0.462, 0.521 and 0.558 under three boundary conditions. The average vorticity is reduced by 25.8%-27.2%, the efficiency of discharging sediment remarkably increases with 15.2%-16.5% in contrast to the cone funnel. It demonstrates that the normal funnel is more favorable than the cone to smoothing flow, reducing energy dissipation, enhancing the capacity of sediment transport and discharging sediment outwards reservoir. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Chongqing University of Technology (Natural Science) is the property of Chongqing University of Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

To achieve CFD numerical simulation of the intake difference between cylinders in the two- stroke ignition intake pipe EFI kerosene engine, Fluent builds a one-dimensional simulation model and a three-dimensional simulation model of the prototype by GT-power. By setting up the crankcase agitation area and the cylinder scavenging area, this paper analyzes the gas flow process in the flow field of the two parts. The results show the fresh charge and kerosene mass entering the left cylinder scavenging channel reach 102.27 mg and 16.59 mg respectively whereas the fresh charge and kerosene mass entering the right cylinder scavenging channel stand at 107.03 mg and 21.01 mg respectively. The unevenness of crankcase distribution is 2.27%, of air intake of the whole machine is 1.48% while the diiference of cylinder scavenging is 1.6%. In conclusion, the crankshaft agitation causes larger mixture mass and concentration into the right cylinder and therefore the uneven distribution of the crankcase is largely responsible for affecting the uneven intake of the whole machine. It is also found that the smaller-sized injection particles not only improve the scavenging efficiency, but also optimize the diiference between the two cylinders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Arid Zone Research / Ganhanqu Yanjiu is the property of Arid Zone Research Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Zhejiang University (Science Edition) is the property of Journal of Zhejiang University (Science Edition) Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of China Pulp & Paper is the property of China Pulp & Paper Magazines Publisher and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Science & Technology of Cereals, Oils & Foods is the property of Science & Technology of Cereals, Oils & Foods Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Industrial Minerals & Processing / Huagong Kuangwu yu Jiagong is the property of Industrial Minerals & Processing Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In order to study the evolution of aircraft wake vortices more deeply and precisely, and to ensure the safe operation of aircraft, the dissipation law of A330‑300 aircraft wake at different temperature vertical decreasing rates is studied in this paper by numerical simulation. The shear stress transport (SST) k‑ω turbulence model is chosen for the numerical simulation. The temperature field under five different temperature vertical decreasing rates is constructed, and the A330‑300 aircraft wake flow field is compiled within the temperature field to realize the calculation under different temperature vertical decreasing rates. The reliability of the numerical simulation method is verified by comparing the numerical simulation results with the radar detection data. The results show that for general turbulence intensities, different rates of vertical decreases in temperature act mainly on the decay phase of the wake, affecting the evolution of the wake by changing the temperature inside and outside the wake.The smaller the temperature vertical decreasing rate is, the larger the rate of decrease of circulation in the wake vortex decay region is. The larger the vertical rate of temperature decreases, the larger the rate of tail vortex sinking is and the larger the distance between vortex cores after rapid dissipations is. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Hydrogeology & Engineering Geology / Shuiwendizhi Gongchengdizhi is the property of Hydrogeology & Engineering Geology Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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Copyright of Journal of Railway Science & Engineering is the property of Journal of Railway Science & Engineering Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Fly Ash Comprehensive Utilization is the property of Hebei Fly Ash Comprehensive Utilization Magazine Co., Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Ordnance Equipment Engineering is the property of Chongqing University of Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Ordnance Equipment Engineering is the property of Chongqing University of Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Ordnance Equipment Engineering is the property of Chongqing University of Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Ordnance Equipment Engineering is the property of Chongqing University of Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Ordnance Equipment Engineering is the property of Chongqing University of Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Ordnance Equipment Engineering is the property of Chongqing University of Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Oil Drilling & Production Technology / Shiyou Zuancai Gongyi is the property of Shiyou Zuancai Gongyi Bianjibu and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of China Harbour Engineering is the property of Editorial Office of China Harbour Engineering and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Nonferrous Metals (Mining Section) is the property of Beijing Research Institute of Mining & Metallurgy Technology Group and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Nonferrous Metals (Mining Section) is the property of Beijing Research Institute of Mining & Metallurgy Technology Group and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Gold (1001-1277) is the property of Gold Magazine Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Ordnance Equipment Engineering is the property of Chongqing University of Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Ordnance Equipment Engineering is the property of Chongqing University of Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Chongqing University of Technology (Natural Science) is the property of Chongqing University of Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Ordnance Equipment Engineering is the property of Chongqing University of Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Ordnance Equipment Engineering is the property of Chongqing University of Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)