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This is an essay in the field of mining engineering. Deep-sea rare earth rich deposit, as a potential rare earth resource, are an important supplement to land rare earth resources and may become one of the first deep-sea minerals to be exploited. In this paper, four deep-sea REE rich deposit (REE rich deposits in the western Pacific Ocean, the southeast Pacific Ocean, the middle and east Pacific Ocean, and the Middle Indian Ocean basin-Wharton Basin.) are analyzed. This paper summarizes the basic resource characteristics of deep-sea rare earth rich deposit (such as large total reserves, large distribution differences, and the main occurrence mineral is biological apatite), and reviews two methods (acid leaching-extraction separation technology and separation-flotation method) used in the separation and extraction of deep-sea REE. The result shows that the acid leaching-extraction separation technology has the disadvantages of low recovery of REE and excessive acid consumption. The separation of sediment samples before flotation operation can achieve efficient enrichment of REE in deposit under the condition of low acid consumption, which is an important development direction to separate and extract REE resources from deep-sea REE rich deposit. Based on this, it is suggested to strengthen the research and development related to efficient classification of deep-sea REE rich deposit resources and in-situ mining and leaching technology in the future.

This is an article in the field of mineral processing engineering. Barium slag is toxic solid waste, and a large amount of barium slag is piled up to seriously harm the environment and cause huge waste of national land resources. Acid-dissolving barium in acid leaching barium residue is one of the best ways to dispose of barium residue and recover barium. The paper adopts the flotation process to recover the barium sulfate in the acid leaching tailings of the enriched barium slag, in order to realize the comprehensive recovery of barium resources in the barium slag. The experimental research of the flotation recovery of barium residue acid leaching residue shows that. Under the condition that the amount of sodium carbonate is 2000 g/t, the amount of sodium silicate is 500 g/t and the amount of sodium oleate is 3000 g/t, through the flotation closed-circuit process of one roughing, four beneficiation, and two sweeping. Obtained the flotation index of 85.38% barite concentrate grade and 69.35% recovery rate. Concentrate products meet the barite standards used in the industrial production of barium carbonate.

This is an essay in the field of mineral processing engineering. A molybdenum mine in Henan Province belongs to the skarn type molybdenum mine, which has the characteristics of extremely fine embedded particle size and high mud mineral content, and the molybdenum has suffered poor recovery. This paper systematically analyzed the ore properties and production status and analyzed the main problems existing in the production. In order to meet the needs of the 4000 t/d capacity expansion and reconstruction of the ore dressing plant, and to synergistically strengthen the recovery of fine-grained molybdenite particles, a cyclonic-static microbubble flotation column was proposed to add combined with the structural characteristics and separation advantages. The research results show that the molybdenum ore was embedded with micro-fine size, and -0.038 mm and -0.020 mm molybdenite accounted for 75.80% and 38.68%, respectively. Moreover, the ores contained a large amount of epidote, montmorillonite, chlorite and other argillaceous minerals, and the content of argillaceous minerals in some pit mouths was more than 40%. The existing flotation process has suffered poor recovery in the fine-grained particles, and the loss of molybdenum with -0.020 mm size in the tailings accounted for more than 50%. Laboratory flotation test results show that the cyclone-static microbubble flotation column had a good flotation effect on molybdenum recovery in total tailings and rougher tailings, and the concentrate enrichment ratio and molybdenum recovery rate were obviously better than flotation machine. The engineering practice further shows that the cyclone-static microbubble flotation column played a role in regaining better recovery for the existing flotation column, and the molybdenum recovery rate after the expansion was increased by more than 4 percentage points, and the loss of fine-grained molybdenite particles in tailings were significantly reduced, which achieved significant economic benefits.

This is an essay in the field of mineral processing engineering. Barite is an important non-metallic mineral with the characteristics of large proportion, non-toxic, non-magnetic, easy to absorb rays, etc. It is mainly used for oil and gas drilling mud weighting agent, preparation of barium-containing chemical products and barium alloys. China is a major exporter of barite. This paper conducts beneficiation test research on low-grade barite ore from Guizhou, China. After the closed-circuit test of “one roughing, one scavenging and two cleaning”, sodium carbonate as regulator, water glass as inhibitor and sodium dodecyl sulfate as collector, a barite concentrate with a BaSO4 grade of 90.38% and a recovery of 91.78% has been obtained. The test technical indicators are good, and the concentrate meets the requirements of the first grade chemical barite. The research results can provide important technical support and reference for the development and utilization of barite resources.

This is a paper in the field of mineral processing engineering. Phosphogypsum is a by-product produced during the production of wet process phosphoric acid. At present, China's phosphogypsum has a large annual new emissions, environmental and safety risks, which seriously restrict the sustainable and healthy development of phosphorus chemical enterprises.In order to solve the problem of high silica content in Sichuan phosphogypsum, the desilication tests werecarried by reverse flotation process.The test results showed that through reverse flotation process of "one roughing, one cleaning, one scavenging, middling returning in sequence", gypsum concentrate was obtained with yield of 89.63%, grading 1.85% SiO2, grading 96.85% calcium sulfate dihydrate with recovery of 96.72%, under conditions of pulp pH valuewith 5.3, BK421B as collector. The research provides technical support for resource utilization of phosphogypsum.

This is a paper in the field of mineral synthesis, covering the areas of mineral processing engineering and ceramics and composites. Tailings of a vanadium-titanium magnetite plant in Panzhihua were subjected to regrinding and re-election experiments, and an iron ore concentrate with a Fe grade of 58.59% was obtained by the "step grinding and step separation" process. The ilmenite concentrate with TiO2 grade of 46.63% was obtained by adopting the flotation flowsheet of "one roughing, one scavenging, three cleaning". The TFe and TiO2 of the reselection tailings of vanadium-titanium magnetite were 5.71% and 2.96%, respectively. The process was achieved efficient separation of effective components. The foamed ceramic material with a volume density of 482 kg/m3 and a water absorption rate of 2.35%, and a compressive strength of 3.03 MPa was obtained by using the reselection tailings of vanadium-titanium magnetite, feldspar tailings and kaolinite pyrite tailings as the base material, and silicon carbide as blowing agent at 1160℃ for 30 min. The comprehensive utilization of vanadium-titanium magnetite tailings is realized.

This is a paper in the field of mineral processing engineering.With the continuous development of mineral processing technology and the improvement of the degree of attention to mineral resources, more and more researches on the comprehensive utilization of tailings have been carried out. Chemical multivariate analysis, SEM and other techniques were used to characterize the copper ore in a vanadium titanomagnetite iron tailings, the study shows that the main valence element is copper, and mainly exists in the form of copper sulfide. A vanadium-titanium magnetite tailings in Hebei was used as a research object. Using butyl xanthate, A8 and MK305 for flotation recovery of copper in iron tailings, it is determined that the optimum flotation technical index is obtained when the A8∶MK305 dosage ratio is 1∶1 and the crude collector dosage is 45 g/t, 2# oil is 7.5 g/t, through single collector test, combined collector test, collector dosage test and 2#oil dosage test. The results of closed circuit test show that the coarse concentrate obtained after one coarse separation and one sweep of iron tailings is ground again to -0.074 mm content ≥85%, and the copper concentrate of 18.94% grade can be obtained by adding quicklime 12 kg/t, coarse concentrate after one coarse separation, three cleaning and two sweep operation, and the recovery rate is 60.88%. In this experiment, the recovery and utilization of metal copper in iron tailings are realized.

The surface oxygen content of low rank coal is high and the surface hydrophobicity is poor. It is difficult for diesel oil to adsorb on the coal surface efficiently. The reagent consumption is large and the flotation effect is not ideal. In this paper, diesel oil and carboxylic acid of oleic acid, lauric acid, decanoic acid and octanoic acid were combined to carry out flotation test on Datong Jurassic low rank coal. The results show that the addition of oleic acid, lauric acid and decanoic acid can effectively improve the flotation effect, and oleic acid and lauric acid have the most obvious effect. Compared with diesel oil alone, the oil rate can reach 50%. In addition, the addition of oleic acid and lauric acid can effectively increase the contact angle of coal sample surface and make the coal sample more hydrophobic. The effect of n-decanoic acid is weaker than that of oleic acid and lauric acid. Among the four carboxylic acids with 10% mass fraction and diesel oil, oleic acid has the smallest particle size in slurry, followed by lauric acid; and through XPS analysis, it is found that oleic acid can effectively increase the C-C, C-H hydrophobic oxygen-containing functional groups of coal samples, and reduce the C-O hydrophilic oxygen-containing functional groups. The dispersion of the reagent is improved effectively, and the hydrophilicity of the coal sample is weakened, and the hydrophobicity is enhanced, which improves the flotation effect.

Metal ions play an important role in rutile flotation, which can be divided into activation and inhibition. The activation ions include Pb2+, Bi3+ and Cu2+, and the inhibition ions include Al3+ and Fe3+. Their mechanism of action is obviously different. In this paper, the commonly used flotation collectors of rutile in recent years are summarized, and the influence and action mechanism of activation ions Pb2+, Bi3+, Cu2+ and inhibition ions Al3+, Fe3+ on rutile flotation are mainly introduced, so as to provide reference for understanding the influence and action mechanism of common metal ions in rutile flotation.

Flotation is the main method to improve the quality and reduce the impurity of calcium magnesium phosphate ore. However, the similar surface physical and chemical properties of dolomite and fluorapatite make it difficult to separate efficiently. With the development of quantum mechanics and computational chemistry, molecular simulation has gradually become an effective tool for studying the flotation of calcium magnesium phosphate ore. It provides a new method for studying the crystal chemical properties of the main minerals in calcium-magnesium phosphate ore and the interaction between mineral interfaces. On the basis of reviewing the research, especially the wettability, surface electricity and surface adsorption characteristics, this paper summarizes the methods of molecular simulation, and the application of density functional theory(DFT)and molecular dynamics simulation(MDS)in the flotation separation of fluorapatite and dolomite, including the chemical properties of crystals, the interaction of water molecules and reagents with mineral surfaces. In addition, the application prospects of molecular simulation in phosphate ore flotation research are also discussed.

In the desulfurization process of molten iron, the supersaturated carbon dissolved in molten iron precipitates in the form of graphite. In this paper, according to the characteristics of graphite contained in molten iron desulfurization slag, the flotation method was firstly used to recover the graphite with kerosene used as collector and No.2 oil used as foaming agent, and then the ball milling and magnetic separation process was used to physically remove the impurities of the recovered graphite, and finally the hydrochloric acid and hydrofluoric acid were used for chemically purification. With the result, high purity flake graphite was prepared. The results show that the graphite recovery firstly increases and then decreases with the increase of flotation agent dosage. When the total dosage of kerosene and No.2 oil is 1200 g/t and w (kerosene: No.2 oil) = 4:1, the recovery is more than 97%. The ball milling treatment separated the impurities from the graphite surface, while the magnetic separation reduced iron content in graphite. After three times of the ball milling and magnetic separation treatment, the fixed carbon content in graphite increases from 58% to more than 88%. Under the optimum conditions, the ash content of graphite can be reduced to 0.03% by mixed acid treatment, reaching the standard of high purity graphite. SEM analysis also showed no significant difference in shape between the recovered flake graphite and the natural flake graphite.

Microcrystalline graphite, also known as amorphous graphite, is named for its small crystal structure. The particle size of the microcrystalline graphite is small, and the flotation foam is easy to physically polymerize with the fine gangue during fine grinding and purification, resulting in unsatisfactory flotation and purification effect. Especially because the higher the fixed carbon content is, the higher the viscosity of the flotation foam is, the heavier the physical entrainment in the foam product, resulting in the current production problems such as long selection process, low product quality, and high production power consumption.In this paper, the variation rule of half-life of flotation froth under different dosage of sodium chloride and 2# oil is compared and studied. It is confirmed that adding sodium chloride can improve the flotation index of microcrystalline graphite, and is verified by actual ore. The research results can provide reference for industrial application and popularization of microcrystalline graphite flotation.

As the carrier in the flotation process, bubble motion features have a significant impact on the flotation efficiency. The regulation of bubble characteristics is an effective method to enhance the flotation process. In recent years, microbubble flotation has received extensive attention. This paper reviews the advance of microbubble flotation from microbubble generation, microbubble features regulation and mineralization mechanism. The foaming principles and applications of jet foaming, microporous medium foaming, dissolved gas foaming, ultrasound foaming and electrolysis foaming are introduced. The regulation mechanism of microbubble size is analyzed from surfactants, electrolytes and energy input. The regulation mechanism of microbubble movement characteristics is discussed based on the bubble shape and rising velocity. Interaction mechanism of particles and microbubbles is fully analyzed from particle-bubble collision, attachment and detachment. Finally, the development of microbubble regulation and action mechanism is prospected.

In this paper, two new chelating agents were compared with three ilmenite conventional chelating agents, and it was found that the new chelating agents had more advantages in selective collection. In order to solve the problem of low recovery of fine ilmenite in a plant Panzhihua–Xichang area, a new collector TZ-1 was prepared by combining the new chelating agent and oleic acid soap. The test results show that for the fine ilmenite raw ore with the content of -0.023 mm particles as high as 88% and TiO2 grade of 15.85%, the new TZ-1 collector is used with sulfuric acid and sodium silicate. After the closed-circuit test of desulphurization, one rough, one sweep and four fine, TiO2 grade of 47.29% is finally obtained. Titanium concentrate with 58.41% recovery. The results show that the new collector TZ-1 can effectively solve the problem of low recovery of fine ilmenite in the plant, and has guiding significance for the efficient recovery and utilization of ultrafine ilmenite.

In coal slime flotation,both the contacting and adsorption between the reagents and coal particles,and the mineralization of particles and bubbles are the key influence factors.In this paper,the collision frequency formulas of particles in turbulent flow field,the formulas of the probability of collision,the probability of adhesion,the probability of stripping and the formulas which derived from the former ones were used to deduce the influence of energy intensity and size compositions on flotation process in theory.Laboratory tests were conducted to verify the influence of energy intensity on reagents adsorption and the flotation efficiency.The results showed that the increase of energy intensity could effectively increase the reagents adsorption of coal particle. In theory,the decrease of particles size could improve the mineralization probabilities of particles and bubbles,but extremely small size of the particles may worsen the flotation process. The increase of energy intensity could reduce the lower limit of particles size in flotation and effectively improve the flotation efficiency of fine coal particles.

The paper introduced application and advantages and disadvantages of different sensors in main coal preparation process such as jigging, dense medium separation, flotation, coal weighing and coal blending scheduling of coal preparation plant in China, proposed development tendency of new type sensor should be intelligent, multi-functional and high precision.