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Liver fibrosis is a key pathological stage in the progression of chronic liver disease. If the disease is mistreated, it can further deteriorate into liver failure, which seriously affects the quality of life of patients and brings heavy medical costs. Hepatic stellate cell(HSC) activation triggers extracellular matrix(ECM) deposition, which plays an important driving role in liver fibrosis, and ferroptosis is an effective strategy to clear or reverse the activation of HSCs into a deactivated phenotype. Therefore, inhibiting the activation and proliferation of HSCs by regulating ferroptosis is the key to the treatment of this disease, so as to derive the prospect of inducing ferroptosis of HSCs(including RNA-binding proteins, non-coding RNA, chemicals, and active components of traditional Chinese medicine) to intervene in liver fibrosis. On this basis, this paper started from the activation of HSCs to induce ECM deposition and focused on summarizing the mechanism of inducing HSC ferroptosis in delaying the progression of liver fibrosis, so as to continuously enrich the clinical practice of liver fibrosis and provide a reference for subsequent basic research.

Copyright of Journal of Modern Medicine & Health is the property of Journal of Modern Medicine & Health and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research / Zhongguo Zuzhi Gongcheng Yanjiu is the property of Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

There exists a complex relationship between liver and thyroid hormones. Liver plays an important role in the activation, inactivation, transportation, and metabolism of thyroid hormones. At the same time, thyroid hormones also affect hepatocytes activity and liver metabolism, such as lipid and bilirubin metabolism. Importantly, thyroid hormone levels often change abnormally in patients with liver cirrhosis. Therefore, studying the change of thyroid hormone levels in patients with liver cirrhosis has a certain clinical value for assessing the severity, prognosis, diagnosis and treatment. This paper reviews the research progress on the relationship between liver cirrhosis and thyroid hormone.

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Clinical Healthcare is the property of Chinese Journal of Clinical Healthcare and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Clinical Hepatology / Linchuang Gandanbing Zazhi is the property of Journal of Clinical Hepatology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Tianjin Medical Journal is the property of Tianjin Medical Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Tianjin Medical Journal is the property of Tianjin Medical Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper was aimed to observe the interventional effect of Sedum sarmentosum total flavanones on hepatic fibrosis and its possible mechanism through the subcutaneous injection of CCl_4 in rats. Sixty male SD rats were randomly divided into normal control group, model group, low-dose, medium-dose, high-dose S. sarmentosum total flavanones groups(100, 200, 400 mg·kg~(-1)) and silymarin group(200 mg·kg~(-1)). The model of liver fibrosis was established by subcutaneous injection of rats with 40% CCl_4. After the modeling, the drug groups were intragastrically administered with corresponding drugs once a day for consecutively five weeks, while the normal group and the model group were given 0.9% sodium chloride solution during the same period. After the experiment, the general conditions of rats and the pathological changes of liver tissues were observed, and the contents of serum ALT, AST, HA and LN were measured. Besides, the expressions of the protein and relevant mRNA of Smad2/3, Smad4 and α-SMA in rats were detected. Compared with model group, S. sarmentosum total flavanones could significantly increase the rats' body weight, inhibit the increase of liver and spleen index in rats of liver fibrosis, reduce the levels of ALT, AST, HA and LN, and alleviate pathological changes. Meanwhile, compared with the model group, the protein expressions of Smad2/3, Smad4 and α-SMA as well as relevant mRNA expressions in S. sarmentosum total flavanones group were obviously decreased, while Smad7 expression was markedly increased. As a result, S. sarmentosum total flavanones could significantly alleviate CCl_4-induced liver fibrosis, and its anti-hepatic fibrosis mechanism may be related to intervention with Smads pathway, so as to inhibit the activation of HSC.

Ascites is the most common clinical symptom in the decompensated stage of patients with liver cirrhosis, and its co-existence in complex conditions, such as refractory ascites, hyponatremia, hepatorenal syndrome and other complications may harm seriously. Splanchnic vasodilation is the key pathological link of cirrhotic ascites-related complications and the treatment of this link can help to eliminate the symptoms of ascites and prevent the further deterioration of decompensated cirrhosis. This paper summaries the pharmacological basis, clinical evidence and application characteristics of a vasocative drugs-terlipressin in the treatment of cirrhotic ascites-related complications, and further analyzes the problems existing in the current research, then proposes a prospect.

Portal vein thrombosis refers to the formation of a thrombus in the trunk of the portal vein and /or its branches due to various causes, and is one of the common complications of cirrhosis. Synthesizing the existing evidence, this paper summaries the cirrhosis with portal vein thrombosis in terms of epidemiology, etiology, pathophysiology, risk factors, definition and classification, clinical manifestations and complications, diagnosis and screening, treatment, follow-up and prognosis, prospects and problems.

Portal vein thrombosis (PVT) is one of the serious complications in the decompensated stage of liver cirrhosis, which is often accompanied by the aggravation of liver cirrhosis and other complications and in severe cases; it may induce gastroesophageal variceal hemorrhage and endanger the lives of patients. Furthermore, the most common complication in decompensated stage of cirrhosis is history of gastroesophageal variceal hemorrhage and the formation of PVT that may be a risk factor to promote each other. Presently, there are guidelines for diagnosis and treatment of gastroesophageal variceal hemorrhage in liver cirrhosis, but there is still a lack of in-depth understanding of cirrhosis complicated with PVT. This paper summarizes advances in the study of gastroesophageal variceal hemorrhage complicated with PVT in liver cirrhosis in order to enhance the understanding of risk factors for diagnosis and treatment.

Liver cancer (HCC) holds third position for cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Therefore, it is urgent to explore new strategies for the diagnosis and treatment of liver cancer. Illustrating the successful experience of other tumors on precancerous lesions, this paper puts forward the idea of advance strategy for the diagnosis and treatment through dysplastic nodules, especially high-grade dysplastic nodules, which can reduce or delay the carcinogenesis of some patients with cirrhosis. It is hoped that this measure might improve the present situation of diagnosis and treatment of liver cancer in coming days in China.

The transcriptional coactivator Yes-associated protein (YAP) is involved in the regulation of various cellular physiological activities and plays an important role in controlling the size of tissues and organs for maintaining the homeostasis. YAP not only affects the transcriptional expression of its downstream target genes, but also interacts with multiple signaling pathways to form complex regulatory networks to perform specific biological functions. In addition to Hippo signaling pathway mediated protein phosphorylation, the regulatory mechanisms of YAP activity also takes part in multiple fields. YAP activity alteration can affect the morphological characteristics and physiological functions of liver tissue, and participate in the occurrence and development of liver diseases, such as liver fibrosis and primary liver cancer. This paper mainly discusses the close relationship between YAP and liver pathophysiology, in order to provide reference for further exploring its potential application in molecular targeted therapy of liver diseases.

Hepatic fibrosis is a reversible pathological process in which the liver cells has been subjected to long periods of various acute and chronic injuries leading to the activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), imbalance of extracellular matrix synthesis, degradation, and deposition. Among them, the activation of hepatic stellate cells is the key link for the occurrence of hepatic fibrosis, so intervention of HSCs activation and proliferation is expected to reverse the progression of liver fibrosis. Thus, this paper summarizes the signaling pathways involved in the liver fibrosis progression, with hepatic stellate cells as the center, to provide new ideas for the study of anti-fibrosis.

Exosomes are a group of membraneous vesicles generated and released by multi-vesicular bodies or cell membranes in a variety of cell types. Acting as important messages between cells, they participate in almost every physiological and pathological process of living organisms. Exosomes contain specific proteins, mRNA, miRNAs, etc. and mediate intercellular communications, signal transductions and gene expressions effectively. Exosomes are involved in the formation of hepatic fibrosis, which is the typical liver pathological change in the progression of schistosomiasis and is caused by the liver repair and (or) regeneration involving inflammation stimulated by exosomes, activated hepatic stellate cells and other related pathways in reaction to the parasite infection. Exosomes could serve as new markers for schistosomiasis hepatic fibrosis diagnosis and potential targets for its treatment. This paper briefly reviews the latest development of studies on the regulatory roles of exosomes in schistosomiasis hepatic fibrosis, so as to provide ideas for searching new treatment targets of the disease.

Copyright of Tianjin Medical Journal is the property of Tianjin Medical Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of China Tropical Medicine is the property of China Tropical Medicine Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Trying to provide ultrasonic image-aid measures for quantitative diagnosis and dynamic monitoring of liver fibrosis, we propose two scoring methods for liver fibrosis tissue in vivo , based on ultrasound radio frequency (RF) time series in this paper. Firstly, RF echo signals of human liver were recorded in this study. Then one of the recorded frame RF data was demodulated to be B model image. After that, a region of interest (ROI) in the B model image was selected. For each point in the ROI, its all frame data were acquired so that RF time series were formed. An SMR (size measure relationship) fractal dimension and six spectral features were extracted from RF time series in the ROI. With relative deviation and Fisher's discriminant ratio, seven features were weighted and summed so that the liver tissues' scores were obtained, Score-rd and Score-fisher, respectively. Area under ROC curve (AUC) and a support vector machine (SVM) were used to evaluate whether these scoring methods would be useful in distinguishing normal and cirrhosis tissues. Experimental results are shown as follows: Score-rd's AUC was 0.843, while Score-fisher was 0.816, SVM classification accuracies were both up to 87.5%. This proved that our proposed scoring methods were effective in distinguishing normal and cirrhosis tissues. Score-rd and Score-fisher have potential for clinical applications. They can also provide quantitative references for liver fibrosis diagnosis.

Primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) is an autoimmune liver disease which progresses slowly, and its pathogenesis remains unclear. A total of 29 papers reporting the risk factors for PBC from different perspectives were obtained through Google Scholar search and screening, consisting of 19 reviews and 10 reports of investigational studies. By summarizing the objects and methods in 10 investigational studies and the conclusions of all the 29 papers, the induction mechanism of risk factors for PBC is clarified, and the control strategy for PBC is put forward. Since the literature included was studies on foreign populations conducted by foreign scholars, the applicability of these findings in China should be further investigated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Tianjin Medical Journal is the property of Tianjin Medical Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Progress in Modern Biomedicine is the property of Publishing House of Progress in Modern Biomedicine and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Infection is a frequent complication of cirrhosis, which often occurs in the lungs, chest, abdomen, biliary tract, urinary tract, soft tissue, and skin, and occasionally causes spontaneous bacteremia in patients. This paper reviews the risk factors and common types of infection in cirrhosis associated with infection, and the early diagnosis and symptomatic treatment of different types of infection. Moreover, this paper points out that cirrhosis associated with infection is a key factor for disease progression and the early diagnosis and treatment are essential for successful treatment. The third - generation cephalosporins are the first - line antibiotic agents. Drug - resistant bacteria should be treated with antibiotic compound containing β - lactamase inhibitors or carbapenems. Methicillin - resistant Staphylococcus aureus should be treated with glycopeptide antibiotics or combination therapies. Pulmonary mycoses are mainly treated with caspofungin or voriconazole. Antibiotics combined with supportive therapies including the administration of albumin can improve the treatment outcome and prognosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The postoperative nervous system and neurocognition-related complications have become an important issue of research focus with the gradual increase of the survival rate after liver transplantation. Compared to other solid organ transplantation, the incidence of nervous system complications after liver transplantation is higher and closely related to death. This paper mainly overviewed the nervous system complications, neurocognition-related complications after liver transplantation and the risk factors inducing these complications. It also discussed how to evaluate, monitor, and prevent these complications in order to provide reference for future studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Schistosomiasis hepatic fibrosis results from excessive deposition of extracellular matrix components which are produced from the activated hepatic stellate cells in liver. Cytokine network disorder is the essential cause of the development of schistosomiasis liver fibrosis. Transforming growth factor beta1 (TGF-beta1) and interleukin 13 (IL-13) promote fibrosis through hepatic stellate cell membrane-specific receptor. This paper reviews the effects of TGF-beta1 type II (TGF-beta1 R II) receptor and IL-13 receptor alpha2 (IL-13 Ralpha2) on hepatic fibrosis.

Recent years, three is a lot of literature in traditional Chinese medicine treatment of schistosomiasis liver fibrosis, and the clinical experiences are very rich. This paper reviews the data of pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment, and basic prescriptions of traditional Chinese medicine for schistosomiasis liver fibrosis, and proposes the individual treatment ideas.

Objective: To investigate the intervention effect of Danggui Shaoyao San on rats with cirrhotic ascites, and discuss the effect of arginine vasopressin (AVP) on cirrhotic ascites., Method: Male SD rats were randomly divided into the control group, the model group, Danggui Shaoyao San low, middle and high dose groups. The cirrhotic ascites rat model was established by CCl4 combined with phenobarbital. Their urines were collected at 24 h to observe urine excretion of each group. Filter papers were used to determine the amount of ascites. The levels of serum alanine aminotransferasa (ALT) , aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were detected by the automatic biochemistry analyzer. Plasma prothrombin time (PT) was evaluated by the blood coagulation analyzer. The concentration of AVP in plasma was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Pathological changes in livers were observed by HE staining., Result: Compared with the model group, the Danggui Shaoyao San group showed significant improvement in live indexes, with notable decrease in serum ALT and AST and the time of PT, improvement in liver pathological changes. Simultaneously, the amount of ascites decreased to varying degrees, with notable increase in urine in 24 h and decrease in AVP concentration in plasma., Conclusion: Danggui Shaoyao San can notably improve liver functions of rats with cirrhotic ascites, reduce the generation of ascites and delay the progress of liver pathological changes. Its mechanism may be related to AVP.

Copyright of Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong University (Medical Science) is the property of Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong University (Medical Science) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper describes a liver elasticity and viscosity measurement system based on existing medical ultrasound platforms. This system relies on acoustic radiation force to invoke transient response on soft tissue, and employs displacement estimation algorithms to detect the propagation of shear wave. The research proves that the velocity of the shear wave may serve as a reliable estimation of the Young's modulus and viscosity coefficient of the liver tissue, and existing commercial products may be easily adapted to support this technique without extra hardware cost.

Liver fibrosis is characterized by an abnormal hepatic accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) that results from both increased deposition and reduced degradation of collagen fibres. Some studies show that transforming growth factor beta1 (TGF-beta1), alternatively activated macrophage (aaM) and interleukin 13 (IL-13) play a key role in the evolution of fibrosis, of which TGF-beta1 and IL-13 become research hotspots. TGF-beta1 mainly activates hepatic stellate cells (HSC) through TGF-beta1/Smad signal pathway, while IL-13 seems to play a rather crucial role through JAK-STAT6 signal pathway. aaM is an important source of TGF-beta1 and activated with IL-13. This paper reviews the role of those signaling molecules in cellular signal transduction of hepatic fibrosis of schistosomiasis japonica, and provides some targets for future drug development.

In view of the problem of TCM diagnosis, grey relational analysis and fuzzy cluster are applied to TCM diagnosis of hepatocirrhosis and are presented in this paper. The validity of the two methods has been assessed through 900 cases in Shanghai. The results are in good agreement with the diagnosis of hepatocirrhosis made by the expert group, thus showing the fuzzy technology is of significance to the development of TCM modernization in an objective way.

Objective: To study the effect of triple organ transplantation (liver, kidney, and pancreas) in patient of end-stage liver disease with renal failure and diabetes, and to explore the optimal surgical procedure., Methods: Simultaneous piggyback orthotopic heterotopic liver, pancreas-duodenum, and kidney transplantation was performed on a 43-year-old male patient with exocrine pancreatic insufficiency and insulin-dependent diabetes related to chronic pancreatitis (CP) who developed hepatic and renal failure. The pancreatic exocrine secretions were drained enterically to the jejunum. Prednisone, tacrolimus, mycophenolate mofetil, and ATG were used as immunosuppression therapy., Results: Good liver and pancreas allograft function recovery was achieved within 7 days after the operation. And the recovery of renal allograft function was delayed. The renal allograft was removed because of break-down of renal blood flow 16 days after the transplantation. A new renal transplantation was performed at the same position. The second kidney graft recovered its normal function 3 days later. Up to the writing of this paper no acute rejection of organs and such complications as pancreatitis, thrombosis, and localized infection occurred. The patient became insulin independent with normal liver and renal function., Conclusion: Simultaneous piggyback orthotopic heterotopic liver, pancreas-duodenum, and kidney transplantation can be a good method for the patients with exocrine pancreatic insufficiency and insulin-dependent diabetes combined with hepatic and renal failure.

In this paper, the Peleg Method is used to calculate the fractal dimension of 5 normal images and 5 schistosomial fibrosis images in order to extract the texture features of B-Scan liver images based on a fractal model. The result indicates that this fractal dimension could be an effective parameter to distinguish the pathologic changes of the disease.

Objective: In order to explore the roles of Huoxueruanjian compound on liver fibrogenesis and its molecular mechanism, this paper has investigated the Influence of blood serum with such traditional Chinese medicine compound on the expression of Smad3, Smad7 and procollagen alpha2(I) gene in hepatic stellate cell (HSC)., Methods: HSC-T6 was deal with different Concentration of blood serum medicine with Heluoshugan which was made by routine way. Then expression change of Smad3, Smad7 and procollagen alpha2(I) mRNA among each groups were observed by RT-PCR. Furthermore, the expression change of Smad3 protein were examined by Western blot., Results: Expression of Smad3 and procollagen alpha2(I) mRNA as well as Smad3 protein had been downregulated after treating with blood serum medicine of Heluoshugan (P<0.01, P<0.05, respectively). The expression of procollagen alpha2(I) mRNA changed at the same tendency as those of Smad3. The role of blood serum medicine was significant difference between different concentration, P<0.05. And the expression of procollagen alpha2(I) mRNA changed in concentration-dependent manner. Blood serum medicine has no effects on the Smad7 mRNA., Conclusion: The anti-fibrosis roles of HuoXueruanjian Compound maybe influence the function of TGF-beta and Smad by nonspecific action, thereby inhibit the transcription of procollegan alpha2(I) mRNA and decrease the production of ECM. As regards Smad3, it may be facilitating the development of liver fibrosis when its expression increases. Otherwise, it manifest with anti-fibrosis role.

The liver moves in response to impulses arising from the main blood vessels. The hardness of the liver may be reflected by this kind of movement. The M-mode ultrasound technique is used in this paper to detect the information of livers' motion. The motion envelope of the liver excited by the abdominal aorta is extracted using the correlation technique. Several feature parameters, such as the amplitude, the standard deviation and Fourier harmonics, are extracted from this envelope. The values of parameters were calculated from 19 normal livers and 11 patients' livers, from which the criterion was obtained to decide whether the liver was normal.

Ultrasonic Backscattered Signal(UBSS) from tissues is fundamentally a statistical signal. The statistics of UBSS provide information relating to the number, mean spacing and the scattering cross sections of the scatterers constituting the tissue. Mean scatterer spacing(MSS) is an important parameter for describing the biological tissues microstructural features and tissues ultrasonic scattering characteristics. This paper reviews the methods of MSS estimation as well as ultrasonic imaging based on the scatterer spacing.

The purpose of this paper was to study the effect of Ginkgo biloba Composita (GBC) on liver collagen fibrosis. The 86 patients were suffering from chronic persistent and active hepatitis B with early fibrosis confirmed by liver biopsy. Serum pro-collagen-III-peptide (PIIIP), laminin (LN), superoxide dismutase (SOD), malonyldialdehyde (MDA) were determined and some patients' biopsies examined with light and electron microscope before and after treatment were observed. By the end of 3 months, the results showed that PIIIP, LN, SOD, MDA were significantly decreased after GBC treatment (P < 0.01) and liver fibrosis of patients was partly reabsorbed and had remission. It was suggested that GBC was effective in arresting the development of liver fibrosis of chronic hepatitis.

No report has been found on comparison of pre- and post-treatmental liver biopsies for chronic active hepatitis (CAH) caused liver fibrosis. The aim of this paper was to study the effects of a heavy dosage of Radix Paeoniae rubra to the reabsorptive action of liver collagen fibres. The patients were suffering from CAH or CAH with liver cirrhosis confirmed by liver biopsies. By the end of 3 months, the second liver biopsy was carried out. The results showed that among 4 patients with liver cirrhosis, the false lobules disappeared; and that 6 patients with CAH only, the interlobular collagen fibres of 4 patients were completely reabsorbed. The effective rate reached 77.8%. It was concluded that a heavy dosage of Paeonia rubra was effective in arresting the development of liver fibrosis, and in promoting the reabsorption of collagen fibres.

The experimental study on 30 patients of the Blood Stasis Syndrome of liver diseases was discussed in this paper. Two characteristics were found. One was the pathological feature which manifested as follows: (1) DIAGNOSIS: the Blood Stasis Syndrome of liver disease was mainly diagnosed in the chronic active hepatitis and the early stage of cirrhosis of liver, while that of non-Blood Stasis was mainly observed in the chronic persistent hepatitis (P less than 0.01); (2) Pathological change: The histological changes such as piecemeal necrosis, bridging necrosis, the destruction of limiting plate, eosinophilic change, etc. It was more obvious in the Blood Stasis group than that with non-Blood Stasis Syndrome (P less than 0.01), (3) The manifestation of Blood Stasis Syndrome was not in parallel with the severity of the liver disease. The another characteristic was the changes of liver function, which expressed more markedly in the Blood Stasis group with higher level of SGPT, lower ratio of A/G and increased globulin, they were more obvious than that in non-Blood Stasis group (P less than 0.01).

Copyright of Nursing of Integrated Traditional Chinese & Western Medicine is the property of Journal of Clinical Nursing in Practice (Editorial Board, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Press) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) is a severe acute liver function decompensation that occurs after an acute attack on the basis of chronic liver disease, which has attracted the attention of hepatologists worldwide due to its rapid progression and sky-high short-term mortality. As the etiology and clinical features of ACLF significantly differ across various countries/regions, there are at least ten diagnostic criteria for ACLF at home and abroad. Therefore, in this paper, we reviewed the studies related to several commonly used definitions and diagnostic criteria of ACLF, and compared the differences among the diagnostic criteria, so as to help clinicians better identify ACLF and optimize clinical decision-making, thereby improving the clinical outcomes of ACLF patients. As there are still no recognized criteria for the diagnosis of ACLF worldwide, and large variations exist between the diagnostic criteria of ACLF at home and abroad, clinicians should select the diagnostic criteria for ACLF with sufficient consideration of etiology of chronic liver disease, clinical characteristics and other factors of patients.

This paper summarized the practice of acupoint application guided by midnight-noon ebb-flow theory and nursing measures for a patient with hepatitis B and ascites due to cirrhosis of the liver. Key issues included nursing evaluation, routine nursing, application time, operation method and acupoints selection under the guidance of midnight-noon ebb-flow theory. By nursing according to syndrome differentiation and selecting the corresponding time for acupoint application, the symptoms of ascites was relieved and patient’s quality of life was improved. (本文总结1例基于子午流注理论实施穴位贴敷治疗脾肾阳虚型乙肝肝硬化腹水患者的护理经验, 包括护理评估、常规护理以及子午流注理论指导下穴位敷贴的时间、操作方法、部位等。通过辨证施护明显改善患者症状, 提高患者生活质量。)

Copyright of Journal of Clinical Hepatology / Linchuang Gandanbing Zazhi is the property of Journal of Clinical Hepatology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) are derived from the mesoderm, and exhibit multipotential differentiation. MSC can alleviate liver fibrosis and improve liver function through paracrine cytokines and cell-cell interactions, but their therapeutic mechanism remains unknown. MSC are derived from various tissues, such as bone marrow, umbilical cord tissue, umbilical cord blood, peripheral blood, and adipose tissue. However, there are different advances in MSC with various sources in experimental studies and clinical treatment of liver fibrosis. This paper summarizes the possible therapeutic mechanisms of MSC in alleviating liver fibrosis, as well as the advances in experimental studies and clinical application of MSC with various sources. MSC transplantation is a new therapeutic method for liver fibrosis and has a broad application prospect in this field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is a serious neuropsychological complication in advanced liver disease, and is a major cause of death in patients with liver disease. The paper briefly introduces the advances in application of HE grading, examination methods, and electroencephalography (EEG) in the diagnosis of HE, and points out that EEG has been developed greatly in the field of HE, with huge potentials for the diagnosis, evaluation, prognosis, and guidance for treatment of HE. However, the clinical value of EEG monitoring in HE has not been widely acknowledged in the medical world, and further investigation is still needed in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective · To investigate the insulin resistance in liver cirrhosis patients. Methods · Patients with liver cirrhosis from Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine in 2013 - 2017 were retrospectively assessed. Biochemical indexes, including fasting blood glucose (FBG), glycosylated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), fasting insulin and homeostatic model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), were collected. The complications of liver cirrhosis were recorded, including esophagogastric varices bleeding (EVB), ascites and hepatic encephalopathy (HE). According to HOMA-IR value, the liver cirrhosis patients were divided into non-insulin resistance group (IR≤1.64) and insulin resistance group (IR>1.64). Various indicators were compared between the two groups. Results · A total of 376 patients with liver cirrhosis were included in this study. The proportions of Child-Pugh A, Child-Pugh B and Child-Pugh C were 162 (43.09%), 148 (39.36%), and 66 (17.55%), respectively. The main cause of liver cirrhosis was hepatitis B virus infection 163 (43.35%). Fasting insulin levels were measured in 208 of 376 liver cirrhosis patients. Among them, 117 patients (56.25%) had no insulin resistance and 91 patients (43.75%) had insulin resistance. The body mass index (BMI) of liver cirrhosis patients in the insulin resistance group was significantly higher than that in the non-insulin resistance group (P=0.000), and the prevalence of type 2 diabetes in the former was also higher (P=0.001). The scores of Child-Pugh in patients with liver cirrhosis in the insulin resistance group were lower than those in the non-insulin resistance group, and the difference in Child-Pugh score was statistically significant (6.93±1.99 vs 7.63±2.20, P=0.020). The proportion of Child-Pugh C grade in the insulin resistance group was significantly lower than that in the patients without insulin resistance (P=0.028). The prevalence of ascites in cirrhotic patients with insulin resistance was significantly lower than that in cirrhotic patients without insulin resistance (36.26% vs 66.67%, P=0.000). There was no significant difference in the prevalence of EVB and HE between the two groups (P>0.05). Conclusion · Nearly half of patients with liver cirrhosis are associated with insulin resistance. Compared with noinsulin resistance patients, cirrhotic patients with insulin resistance have a higher BMI, lower percentage of Child-Pugh C, and fewer ascites prevalence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) is an autoimmune liver disease characterized by chronic and progressive cholestasis, which has a tendency to develop cirrhosis. The pathogenesis of PBC is complicated and still unclear. This paper reviews the atest research progress in mmunological mechanisms and therapies for PBC in recent years, which focuses on the relationship between the development of PBC and autoantibodies, immune cells, and mportant cytokines. The review ndicates that immunological factors play a key role in pathogenesis of PBC, and further research on mmunological mechanisms might be quite mportant for the dentification of pathogenesis and clinical treatment of PBC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Decompensated hepatitis B cirrhosis is one of the final outcomes of chronic hepatitis B and liver fibrosis. Extensive studies have demonstrated that antiviral therapy can slow disease progression, improve clinical outcomes, reduce complications, slow decompensated cirrhosis progression, and improve survival. At present, nucleoside and nucleotide analogues are the most common antiviral agents in the treatment of decompensated hepatitis B cirrhosis. This paper introduces effective antiviral agents against decompensated hepatitis B cirrhosis and discusses potential problems in antiviral treatment, suggesting that personalized medication should be achieved on the basis of standardized antiviral treatment in clinical practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]