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Copyright of Natural Gas Industry is the property of Natural Gas Industry Journal Agency and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Natural Gas Industry is the property of Natural Gas Industry Journal Agency and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Natural Gas Industry is the property of Natural Gas Industry Journal Agency and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Natural Gas Industry is the property of Natural Gas Industry Journal Agency and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Natural Gas Industry is the property of Natural Gas Industry Journal Agency and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Wave attenuation by coastal vegetation has attracted coastal engineers' wide attention. This study reviews present investigations and latest advances in typical approaches in laboratory experiments as well as theoretical analysis, as well as the analytical methods on micro and macro scales. Firstly, the governing parameters in vegetation modeling and theoretical models are summarized, such as those of vegetation, hydrodynamics and experiment setup in a laboratory experiment. It is revealed that the analytical methods can be classified into method of reduction in wave height and method of dissipation of wave energy, respectively. Finally, this paper points out that the scale effect in vegetation size and wave parameters is the main reason that limits the universal applications of analytical solutions, only applicable in 2-D flows. The further problems, coupling of multiple factors such as seasonality, motion of vegetation, wave breaking, the randomness and nonlinearity of waves, tidal currents, are desirable to be addressed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]