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With the increasing demand for green and efficient energy storage devices， advanced technologies for clean energy conversion have attracted close attention from researchers. Fuel cells with environmental friendliness and high energy conversion efficiency are promising alternatives to traditional energy sources. However， Pt catalysts with high commercialization degrees in the industrial catalysis field have some problems， such as high cost， poor stability and weak anti-toxicity ability， which limits the further development of fuel cells. The development of non-Pt oxygen reduction reaction （ORR） catalysts with abundant reserves， low cost and excellent performance is an effective way to improve the efficiency of fuel cells. In this paper， based on the research results at home and abroad in recent years， various types of non-Pt system ORR catalysts， including non-precious metal and non-metal catalysts， are systematically introduced. The advantages， disadvantages and modification strategies of various catalysts are summarized， and challenges and prospects for the development of ORR electrocatalysts are put forward. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Acta Materiae Compositae Sinica is the property of Acta Materiea Compositae Sinica Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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With the increasing consumption of the global energy demand, the electrochemical conversion and storage of new energy sources have drawn increasing attention in scientific research. As a promising energy conversion technology, fuel cells have attracted extensive attention in academia and industry due to their high energy conversion efficiency, environmental friendliness, high power density and wide range of fuels. Especially, oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) at the cathode is considered as an important electrode reaction in fuel cells. However, several factors, including slow kinetic process, extreme dependence on noble metal platinum, and rapid degradation of catalytic performance and durability after long-term operation, have severely restricted the large-scale promotion and application of these fuel cells commercialization. Therefore, the development of low-cost, highly active and stable catalysts is of great significance to promote the commercialization. Recently, Titanium nitride (TiN), as a highly durable support, has attracted extensive attention because of its superior properties of high conductivity, high melting point, high hardness, abrasion resistance and super anti-corrosion to acid and alkaline. When the advanced TiN material with favorable morphology and porous structure, high surface area and nanostructure is used as catalyst support, the electrocatalytic performance of Pt-based catalysts will be enhanced significantly due to the improved utilization of Pt, enhanced metal-support interactions, promoted mass/charge transfer as well as corrosion resistance. Interesting, TiN has also electronic properties similar to noble metal, and exhibits superior catalytic performance and durability toward ORR, thus obtaining widely attention in non-precious metal catalysts. Based on the above analysis, this review has summarized the current preparation method and synthesis mechanism of TiN materials, and elaborated the latest research progress including TiN, transition metal-doped TiN and its carbon-based composite materials as support or catalyst toward ORR. Based on the presented progress, we finally prospect the future application of TiN materials and directions for designing and developing practical fuel cell cathode catalysts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Donghua University (Natural Science Edition) is the property of Journal of Donghua University (Natural Science) Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)