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The development of pesticides has significantly advanced global agricultural production, but the ensuing problem of pesticide residues poses a severe threat to human health. So, there is an urgent need to establish a rapid, accurate, sensitive, cost-effective and on-site method for large-scale detection of pesticide residues. Electrochemical paper-based analytical devices (ePADs) represents a highly sensitive and portable microanalysis system, which uses paper as a substrate and relies on a capillary force to drive the fluid for the separation and detection of samples. The diversity of pesticides and agricultural products and the complexity of matrices impose high requirements on the sample preparation procedure. This article summarizes the preparation process of ePADs from the aspects of paper selection, the establishment of hydrophilic and hydrophobic channels, the integration of separation zones, and electrode printing. Subsequently, this paper establishes the relationship between pesticide detection and chip preparation based on the mechanism of electrochemical detection of pesticides. Finally, it discusses the advantages, challenges and future prospects of ePADs with a view to providing theoretical reference for enhanced application of ePADs in the field of pesticide residue detection.

A flexible wipe paper for rapid nondestructive detection of ferbam residues on the surface of fruits and vegetables by surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) was prepared using filter paper as the substate by a simple soaking method. The synthesis and storage conditions were optimized to ensure that the SERS method has excellent performance. The results showed that concentration factor of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), soaking time in AgNP solution and drying method greatly affected the performance of the SERS wipe paper. The performance under the condition of soaking for 8 h in a 5-fold concentrate of AgNP solution was significantly better than that under other conditions. The SERS wipe paper prepared by vacuum drying had better performance that those prepared by other drying methods. After 9 days of storage at −20 ℃, the optimized substrate retained approximately 50% of the original peak value. Besides, it exhibited good sensitivity, uniformity, and repeatability. The limit of detection (LOD) for ferbam on a glass plate was 4.07 × 10-6 mg/mL, and the LOD for ferbam on the surface of spinach and nectarine were 0.043 and 0.062 mg/kg, respectively. This study provides an excellent basis for the development and utilization of SERS wipe paper.

Based on the selective quenching effect of the flavonoid rutin on the fluorescence of carbon dots prepared by asparagine pyrolysis, a method for rapid detection of rutin content in the flower buds of Sophora japonica by using chitosan-based carbon dot paper chip was developed. A filter paper was immersed in the casting solution of carbon dots and chitosan. After drying, a carbon dot chitosan film was formed on the surface of the filter paper, so that the chitosan-based carbon dot paper chip was obtained. After samples were dripped on the chip, chromogenic reaction occurred uniformly within a limited region, and pictures were taken under an ultraviolet (UV) lamp at 365 nm for analysis of the red (R), green (G), and blue (B) values of the colored spots in order to optimize the preparation conditions and detection conditions. The results showed that the optimal conditions were as follows: chitosan concentration of 20 mg/mL, carbon spot concentration of 1.0 mg/mL, 50% ethanol as sample solvent, and reaction time of 20 min. Under these conditions, the difference (ΔG) in G-value between sample and solvent spots had a linear relationship with rutin concentration (C) in the range of 4 to 120 mg/mL. Using this method, the average contents of rutin in the flower buds of S. japonica from three batches were determined to be 23.85%, 22.83% and 20.30%, the average relative standard deviations (RSDs) were 6.1%, 5.6% and 6.7%, and the recoveries were 91.27% to 107.5%, which were close to the results of high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The proposed method is simple and rapid, and can be used for rapid on-site determination of rutin content in the flower buds of S. japonica.

“Lab on paper” is a paper-based microanalytical system with unique advantages such as high sensitivity, low cost, portability, and mass production, which breaks through the limitations of traditional detection technologies and shows great potential in the field of rapid on-site food detection. In this paper, the typical “labs on paper”, including chromatographic paper, chemical test chip, lateral flow assay (LFA), microfluidic paper-based analytical devices (μPADs), and synthetic biological paper, are systematically reviewed. Special emphasis is put on the application of “lab on paper” in the field of food detection. Finally, the advantages, challenges, and future prospects of paper-based analytic methods are discussed, which may provide theoretical support for better application of “lab on paper” in the field of food detection.

New paper-based microfluidic technology has been widely used in many fields due to their advantages such as easy preparation, low cost, and non-toxic environmental protection, compared with the shortcomings of other food analysis and detection techniques such as complex production method and high cost of preparation. The outline of new paper-based microfluidic technology is briefly summarized and the probes including organic molecules, nanomaterials and polymers their structural activity with regard to sensing performances along with their limit of detection are also discussed. This review is expected to assist readers for better understanding of the sensing mechanisms of various chemo and bio-probes utilized in µPADs, as well as promote their advancement in the field. The detection mechanism and its advantages in the whole detection system at the same time to get the ideal experimental results of new paper-based microfluidic technology in the food analysis of pesticide residues, pathogenic bacteria, additives, heavy metals and other substances are mainly introduced. This study would provide the theoretical basis and references for fast detection field. The future challenges and application prospects of this technology are prospected.

Objective: This study aimed to solve the problem of cigarette flavoring technology that the surface taste of splicing paper weakens over time. Methods: A rapid method for the simultaneous determination of two kinds of sweeteners was established based on ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC). The change of the content of the sweetener on the surface of the tipping paper was analyzed, and the induced migration experiment was used to analyze the migration of sweeteners. The surface porosity, air permeability and surface water absorption of aluminized splice paper were analyzed by scanning electron microscope, air permeability tester and surface water absorption tester. Results: A method for rapid determination of two kinds of sweeteners simultaneously was established by UHPLC. The results of induced migration experiment showed that the sweeteners in the tipping paper migrated from the surface to the inside of the paper gradually. The results of scanning electron microscope, air permeability tester and surface water absorption tester showed that pores distributed on the surface of the aluminized tipping paper, and the high air permeability thereby led to the surface water absorption capacity. Therefore, the sweetener migrated in the aluminized tipping paper. After 42 days of induced migration, the migration rates of acesulfame and saccharin sodium in the paper were 48.47% and 49.65%, respectively. Conclusion: The pores and cracks spreading on the surface of the aluminized tipping paper made it have high permeability and strong water absorption, and the concentration differences between the two sides of the paper resulted in a conducive migration of the sweeteners.

Fruit paper is a paper-shaped snack made from fresh fruit after pulping, boiling and drying. Drying, one of the oldest methods for food preservation, removes water from fruit and extends its shelf-life for year-round consumption. The most commonly used drying methods include hot air drying, vacuum drying, freeze drying, and their combinations. The energy efficiency of drying process and the quality of fruit paper are both important to be considered in fruit pulp drying. This article updates the research status of drying technologies applied in fruit paper production, including hot air drying, freeze drying, vacuum drying, microwave drying, infrared radiation drying, and refraction window drying. In addition, the influence of the pretreatments and drying process on fruit paper's shape, texture, and nutrients are also summarized. This work aims to improve the drying efficiency of fruit paper and retain the active ingredients of fruit to the maximum extent, and to provide reference for further research on drying processing of fruit paper in food industry.

Objective: In order to solve the quality problems of YB517 transparent packaging machine, such as folds and unevenness of transparent paper on the sides of cigarette packages, a new cigarette-packaging side seal and shaping device was developed. Methods: After the improvements, the drive shaft of cigarette receiving plate of output turntable of YB517 was used as a power source, and the heating and shaping of cigarette package side seals were achieved by designing reciprocating mechanisms, heater components, cigarette package positioning components, and optimizing push seats; and using Solidworks software to simulate and analyze the displacement, velocity and acceleration of the shaping device. At the same time, it was connected to the temperature measurement and control system of "Heat sealer for Drawstring" so that the temperature parameters can be displayed and adjusted on the IPC control surface. Finally, the method of sampling in the test was used to compare and analyze the wrinkle of boxed transparent paper before and after the transformation. Results: The side seal shaping device had the advantages of no interference, gentle velocity and acceleration curve, no obvious impact and stable operation. The wrinkle ratio of boxed transparent paper decreased from 11.58% to 2.50%, which decreased 78.40%. Conclusion: It ensures product quality and improves consumers satisfaction.

In order to prolong the shelf life of fresh leaves of Perilla frutescens and ensure the storage quality of leaves during storage and retail, a newly developed coating fresh-keeping paper bag was used to package the leaves of Perilla frutescens in this study. The composite coating solution used in the experiment was prepared by dissolving chitosan, sodium D-isoascorbate, tea polyphenols and calcium chloride in acetic acid aqueous solution in a certain ratio. The effects of different component concentrations in the composite coating solution of fresh-keeping paper bags on the sensory quality, VC content and weight loss rate of Perilla frutescens were investigated by single factor and orthogonal experiments, and the optimal component concentration ratio of the composite coating solution was determined as follows: Chitosan concentration 2.0%, sodium D-isoascorbate concentration 2.4%, tea polyphenols concentration 0.25%, and calcium chloride concentration 0.6%. The physical, chemical and antibacterial properties analysis showed that when the coating amount was 30 g/m2, the composite coating solution had formed uniform coating on the surface of the paper. At this time, the coated paper had strong antibacterial ability, and the coating penetrated into the fiber gap of paper, so that the weight, thickness, elongation and moisture content of paper were improved, the water vapor permeability decreased, and the tensile strength and wettability decreased slightly, which met the packaging requirements of Perilla frutescens leaves and would have broad prospects for development in the field of fruit and vegetable packaging.

In this paper, 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) controlled release packaging paper was prepared by mixing 1-methylcyclopropene with different proportions of ethyl cellulose ether (EC) and polyacrylic acid (PAA) and then coating it on the paper base. The release mechanism was studied. Saimaiti apricot fruits stored at 2 ℃ were treated with 1-MCP controlled release packaging paper. The effects of 1-MCP controllable slow-release packaging paper on respiratory intensity, hardness, titratable acid, soluble solids, peel color and commodity rate of apricot fruit during storage were studied in order to obtain a kind of fresh-keeping paper which could effectively prolong the storage period of apricot fruit. The results showed that under the conditions of 95% RH, 2 ℃ and 80% polyacrylic acid (PAA), the particle collapse of 1-MCP powder made the gas release slowly, and the release mechanism parameter was 0.49, and the release rate increased with PAA content. Controlled release 1-MCP-coated paper could inhibit the arrival of the peak of respiration intensity of apricot fruit, delay the decrease of hardness, titratable acid and soluble solid content, and maintain the color of peel. The results showed that controlled release 1-MCP-coated paper could effectively maintain the quality of apricot fruits stored in low temperature environment, and would provide some reference for the application of controlled release 1-MCP-coated paper to the storage of other fruits and vegetables.

Objective: Established a group of models used to quickly distinguish anti-counterfeit cigarette packaging paper. Methods: The model based on the same color oil on packaging paper from 3 different brands: Yunyan, Yuxi, and Hongtashan. The Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy （FTIR） spectrum were collected from 116 samples totally by Attenuated Total Reflection （ATR） accessary. 56 spectrum were used to build the models and 20 samples of each brand were used to verification. Spectrum were second derivative processed and spectral ranges were selected as 3 200~2 700, 1 800~1 580, and 801~720 cm-1. Results: Using Mahalanobis distance discriminant method to establish 4 models （3 brands and 1 multiple）, all of the accuracy of models reached to 100%. Conclusion: This is the first time to use the same color oil FTIR spectrum to distinguish real and fake cigarette packaging paper which were highly improve selection efficiency for large number of samples.

Objective： A method for simple and rapid determination of potassium content in cigarette paper will be built for workshops of cigarette factory. Methods: An ion-selective electrode method was used by comparing with the pretreatment methods for cigarette paper samples and potential response behaviors of potassium ion-selective electrodes in different buffer solutions. Results: The potassium ion selective electrode possessed excellent response performance for K+ in lithium acetate buffer solution （0.1 mol/L, pH 7.0） with a linear response range of 1.0×10-5 ~1.0×10-2 mol/L, a slope of 55.79 mV/dec （25 ℃）, and a lower limit of detection of 2.14×10-6 mol/L. The average relative standard deviations of the K+ selective electrode on cigarette paper samples were 0.55% for intra-day test and 2.8% for inter-day test, both less than 5%. The test results of the electrode method were in well agreement with that of ion chromatography, with an average relative deviation of 4.1% （n=10） and recoveries between 95.0% and 101.9%. It was demonstrated effectively through a consecutive test over one week. Conclusion: Among the pretreatment methods for cigarette paper samples, the ultrasonic extraction of potassium ions with 1% diluted acetic acid for 30 min has been found to be fast, simple and environmentally friendly. The ion-selective electrode method is accurate and reliable, which is suitable for the rapid detection of potassium in cigarette paper.

Objective: To improve the accuracy and validity of the measurement data of solvent residues in food packaging paper. Methods: Taking the HS GC-MS measurement system as the research object, variation sources in the measurement process was separated by using the measurement system analysis, and the traditional control chart and EWMA control chart of repeatability and reproducibility were established respectively to effectively monitor the detection error of the measurement system. Results: ① HS GC/MS had high measurement accuracy, with GRR of about 9.76%, and the gauging ability of the measurement system was relatively good. ② Through the combination of periodic measurement system analysis and control chart method, the effective separation and monitoring of repeatability and reproducibility variance components can be realized. ③ The repeatability can be monitored in real time through the daily gauging data, which was helpful to find the fault of measurement equipment in time and ensure the reliability of gauging results. ④ EWMA chart of repeatability can give early warning of measuring equipment fault faster than traditional control chart. Conclusion: Separating and monitoring variation sources of the measurement system by using variance analysis method can effectively ensure the stability of HS GC-MS equipment and improve the effectiveness of solvent residue detection.

In order to explore the effect of bagging on the wax compositions and storage quality of ‘Yali’ pear fruit, the differences and correlations of wax content and distribution, nutrition and quality indicators, and antioxidant properties of the two different treatments (polyethylene, (PE) plastic film bags and three-layer paper bags) stored at 25 ℃±1 ℃ were analyzed. The fruits were bagged at day 60 after blooming, then the bags were removed at harvest, and no-bagged fruit acted as the control. The results showed that the highest rate of fruit weight loss was found in PE plastic film bags-treated fruit, while there was no difference in fruit hardness, brittleness and compactness between the control and the two treatments within 14 days of storage. The increases in contents of wax compositions alkenes, fatty aldehydes, fatty alcohols, esters, and total wax were significantly delayed in the two treatments. The contents of alkanes C27 and C29, alkenes C24-C26, fatty acid C18:1, fatty aldehydes C26 and C34, even number fatty alcohols C22-C28, seven esters, and triterpenoids (such as α-farnesene, β-amyrin, lupeol, and β-amyrenone) in the two treatments were lower than the control. In addition, compared to the PE plastic film bags treatment, the decline in contents of wax compositions alkene C26, fatty acids C16 and C18:1, even number fatty aldehydes C28-C32, two esters (C22:1 alcohol-C18:1 acid and C24:1 alcohol-C18:1 acid), triterpenoids (Urs-12-en-28-al,3-(acetyloxy)-,(3á)-and Urs-12-en-28-al) were delayed by the three-layer paper bags treatment. Furthermore, in comparison with PE plastic film bags treatment, higher contents of peel flavonoids, peel total phenols (at day 14), fruit titratable acid and Vc (at day 14), and higher DPPH clearance rate were found in three-layer paper bags-treated fruit. According to PCA analysis of wax components, the control and the three-layer paper bags treatment were belonged to one group, while PE plastic film bags treatment was divided into the other group. The correlation analysis showed that wax components alkanes, fatty aldehydes, triterpenes and total wax in different treatments were positively correlated with the content of peel flavonoids (P

In this work, Pinus masoniana and Saxifraga stolonifera (L.) Meerb. essential oils were employed to develop preservative materials (i.e., preservative paper and preservative tablet), and effects of the preservative material treatments on Shine Muscat grapes under different temperatures (room temperature and low temperature) were also investigated. The results showed that the preservative paper was more effective than the preservative tablet to maintain the quality of the Shine Muscat in storage time. In addition, grapes treated with the preservative paper under low-temperature storage exhibited the optimum quality among all. Pinus masoniana-Saxifraga stolonifera (L.) Meerb. essential oils preservative paper effectively inhibited the weight loss rate, maintained the color and hardness, slowed down the decrease of total soluble solids, acidity and reducing sugar. After storage for 5 weeks under low temperature with the preservative paper, the weight loss rate of the grapes was 0.36%, significantly lower than that of the control group (0.81%, P

The cell-free biosensor is a tool designed to detect trace substances based on a cell-free system, which solves the problems of the traditional cell-based biosensor including having no ability to detect toxic substances, long response time, being controlled by living cells, and inconvenient operation. In recent years, cell-free biosensors have attracted extensive attention for their wide detection range, fast response speed, high sensitivity and portability. In this paper, the construction and characteristics of different types of cell-free sensors are reviewed. In addition, their applications in the detection of metal ions, pesticide residues and veterinary drug residues are introduced, and future prospects also are discussed.

Objective: To reduce the rejection rate of ZJ17 cigarette machine, shorten the adjustment time and improve the production efficiency. Methods: The rubber roller phase alignment device was developed to accurately measure the position of the rubber line by the sensor, and the measurement signal was transmitted to the industrial computer in real time. The shaft encoder signal was used to judge the offset of the rubber line, and the servo motor was driven to automatically adjust the phase of the rubber roll, so as to realize the real-time control of the position of the rubber line. Results: The rubber roller phase alignment device was easy to install and easy to maintain. The debugging time of the equipment was significantly shortened, and the debugging smoke branches are reduced from more than 30 000 before the transformation to within 1 000. Conclusion: The application of rubber roller phase alignment device improves production efficiency, and the cost reduction and efficiency are significantly effective.

Objective: The pyrolysis transfer rate of aglycones from 7 kinds of glucosides added to cigarette paper in mainstream and sidestream smoke was studied. Methods: 5-methylfurfuryl alcohol glucoside, menthol glucoside, anisyl alcohol glucoside, leaf alcohol glucoside, phenylethanol glucoside, ethyl vanillin glucoside and vanillin glucoside were applied to the surface of cigarette paper and inject into cigarette according to the 0.01% of the weight of cut tobacco respectively. The transfer rates of aglycones in mainstream smoke and side stream smoke were determined under two kinds of flavoring methods. On this basis, the transfer rules of seven aglycones in mainstream smoke and sidestream smoke were studied when the concentration of 0.001%, 0.010% and 0.050% was applied to cigarette paper. Results: In mainstream smoke, the transfer rates of seven aglycones in cut tobacco were higher than those added to cigarette paper, but the opposite was true in sidestream smoke; 5-methylfurfuryl alcohol had the highest transfer rate of aglycones in mainstream smoke and sidestream smoke, and menthol had the lowest transfer rate, followed by leaf alcohol, anisyl alcohol, phenylethanol, ethyl vanillin and vanillin. Under the condition of 0.001% addition, the transfer rates of seven aglycones in mainstream and side stream smoke were 0.27%~1.24% and 0.42%~1.71% respectively, 0.010% addition were 0.38%~1.87% and 0.54%~2.52% respectively, 0.050% addition were 0.31%~1.56% and 0.47%~2.19% respectively. Conclusion: The transfer rates of seven aglycones in side stream smoke were higher than those in mainstream smoke at three additive gradients, the transfer rates of aglycones in mainstream and side stream smoke showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing with the increase of addition.

Strong-aroma natural spices are characterized by their strong aroma, possessing aromatic and irritating properties, with the main components being aromatic compounds. Typical representatives include star anise, cinnamon, fennel, and cloves. The aforementioned strong-aroma natural spices are widely used both domestically and internationally, especially in soy sauce stewed meat products and fermented meat products. Nonetheless, current research on the aroma-imparting and flavor-presenting mechanisms of natural spices remains insufficiently in-depth and systematic. This paper bases on a review of relevant domestic and international research in recent years, systematically summarizes the flavor analysis methods, flavor characteristics, and key flavor components of typical strong-aroma natural spices. It concurrently discusses their impact on the flavor formation of meat products: spice flavor components can influence the flavor of soy sauce stewed meat products by directly migrating into the food or by improving the flavor of fermented meat products through inhibiting fat oxidation and anti-bacterial effects. Building on this, the paper further elucidates the aroma-imparting and flavor-presenting mechanisms of strong-aroma natural spices, encompassing direct migration of flavor components into food for aroma enhancement, aroma-generating reactions between spice components and food matrices, inhibition of flavor precursor oxidation processes, and suppression of spoilage bacteria growth to ameliorate undesirable flavor formation. The summary of the flavor characteristics and aroma-imparting mechanisms of strong-aroma natural spices facilitates researchers in delving into the mechanisms by which these spices regulates food flavor formation and provides a reference for food enterprises, particularly meat product manufacturers, in further rational development and utilization of natural spices.

The dry matter content in buffalo milk is relatively high, and its comprehensive nutritional value, which is higher than that of ordinary milk, is considered a good source of various bioactive components. Therefore, buffalo milk and its related products are receiving increasing attention from consumers. In this paper, the contents of protein, fat, carbohydrate and other nutrients in buffalo milk and their physical and chemical properties are introduced according to the cutting-edge research results on buffalo milk nutrients and their products. Meanwhile, the preparation and related research of buffalo milk dairy products, such as cheese, cream, yogurt and ice cream are summarized. Finally, this paper provides some insights on the possibility of developing functional food based on bioactive substances in buffalo milk and reference for enterprises to develop buffalo-milk-related products.

Objective: To conduct a bibliometric analysis of the literature in the field of amino acid radiation protection over the past decade using CiteSpace software, exploring the formation, development, hotspots, and trends in this domain. Methods: The data source is the core collection of the Web of Science database, which include 413 papers on radiation damage of amino acids after deduplication and screening. CiteSpace software is used to visualize these papers, and the keywords and their clusters in this field are summarized from multiple dimensions and perspectives. Results: According to these papers, this field is dynamic and continuously growing, attracting interest from many scholars. Regarding country/institution distribution, China, the United States, and India have higher publication volumes, while the UK and India have more vital centrality in their publications. Keyword analysis reveals that the research hotspots in this field include ultraviolet radiation, oxidative stress, mycotoxin amino acids, and antioxidant activity. In contrast, emerging keywords such as DNA damage, photoprotection, and porphyrin-334 show research potential. Cluster analysis find that ultraviolet radiation protection, mycotoxin amino acids, glutamate, and adjuvant radiotherapy are the main research directions in this field. According to ionizing and non-ionizing radiation classification, the representative papers of the past decade sorted out the amino acids and their derivatives related to radiation protection. Conclusion: The visualization of the current situation, hotspots, and trends in the field of amino acid radiation protection provides valuable guidance and prospects for the development of amino acid food and the research of radiation protection in the future. Since the nuclear leakage accidents caused widespread concern, the demand for natural and harmless radiation protection products has surged, especially the development potential of amino acid radiation protection food. However, the current research on the structure-activity or mechanism of amino acid radiation protection needs to be more in-depth. It is still necessary to strengthen multi-agency cooperation and multi-center communication and focus on research hotspot keywords to help the development of amino acid radiation protection foods. In the context of the continuous spread of nuclear sewage, food technology is used as a shield to safeguard people's health.

In recent years, with the significant rise in global obesity rate, the demand for sugar substitutes such as artificial sweeteners (AS) has soared, but the safety of AS remains controversial. New research from the World Health Organization (WHO) and the journal Nature suggests that long-term consumption of AS may have negative health effects. Currently, the standards on the use of AS in different countries are different, and the mechanism of the health impact of long-term AS consumption is not clear. Therefore, based on recent research results related to AS, this review paper focuses on the human health effect of AS and the current domestic and foreign standards on AS. It elaborates on the relationship between AS and gut microbes, obesity and diabetes, lipid metabolism, cardiovascular disease and cancer, and summarizes the current Codex Alimentarius Commission (CAC), US, EU, Japanese and Chinese standards on AS. In addition, this paper also discusses the key issue of how to determine standards on AS addition in the food industry in order to provide a reference for future research in this field.

Selenium-enriched edible fungi are rich in selenium polysaccharides, selenoproteins, selenium polypeptides and other bioactive components. However, the selenium forms and organic selenium transformation rate of selenium-enriched edible fungi are affected by several factors, such as species, selenium biotransformation methods and cultivation techniques. Subsequently, edible fungi show different biological activities and mechanisms of action. Therefore, it is particularly important to study the forms, distribution, absorption and transformation of selenium in edible fungi. The paper reviews the proportion of different forms of selenium in total selenium, the process of absorption and transformation of different selenium forms, the threshold of total selenium, the present selenium-enriched technology and the industrial problems of representative selenium-enriched edible fungi. The immunological activity, antitumor activity and antioxidant activity of different selenium forms in selenium-enriched edible fungi are also discussed in this paper. This review is expected to provide a reference basis for the precise selenium enrichment of edible fungi, to serve as a scientific support for the development of highly active different forms of selenium, and to propose directions for the development of selenium-enriched edible fungi.

Polygonatum sibiricum, a plant homologous to both medicine and food, is of significant importance. Its primary active components include polysaccharides, saponin, flavonoids, polyphenols, and alkaloids. These constituents are known for their roles in enhancing immune function, combating fatigue, providing anti-oxidative benefits, reducing blood sugar, and offering anti-inflammatory effects. Consequently, P. sibiricum presents wide-ranging prospects in health food and pharmaceutical research and development. This paper provides a comprehensive summary of research advancements in the polysaccharides, flavonoids, saponins, and solomonseal rhizome extract of P. sibiricum, particularly in metabolic regulation. It delves into the mechanisms by which the main active substances of P. sibiricum influence glucose and lipid metabolism. Simultaneously, the paper analyzes current patents and the state of industrial development related to P. sibiricum, aiming to provide a reference for future research and development of metabolic regulation functional products based on this plant.

Polysaccharides are a class of natural macromolecular polymers with complex and large molecular structures, which are closely related to their biological activities. However, traditional analytical methods can only provide limited information on the structures of polysaccharides. Mass spectrometry (MS) is an analytical method that measures the mass-to-charge ratio of molecules allowing for determination of the mass and calculation of the the molecular structure. As a powerful tool for polysaccharide structure analysis, MS can provide rich information, including molecular mass, polymerization degree, monosaccharide composition, glycosidic bond type, the order of arrangement of glycosyl groups, and substituent group sites, which has unique advantages in the characterization of polysaccharide structure. This paper summarizes the general pattern of mass spectral fragmentation of polysaccharides, introduces the principles and characteristics of different types of MS as well as representative applications of MS combined with electron ionization source, fast atom bombardment source, electrospray ionization source, matrix-assisted laser desorption ion source, real-time direct analysis source, ion mobility or tandem mass spectrometry for the structural elucidation of polysaccharides. Furthermore, future prospects for the application of new MS techniques for analyzing the structures of polysaccharides are discussed. The aim of this paper is to summarize the application of MS to provide scientific reference for the basic research work of polysaccharide compounds, such as quality standard, structural characterization, pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetic, constitutive relationship, and the development and creation of polysaccharide food, health food, and clinical drugs.

Mycotoxins are toxic secondary metabolites produced by certain fungal species under specific conditions. Research has found that exposure to various fungal toxins can cause embryonic developmental toxicity, such as embryo arrest, abortion, and intrauterine fetal developmental delay. There are no systematic reports on the impact of exposure to fungal toxins during pregnancy on the toxicity of intrauterine fetal development and biological monitoring. Therefore, in order to prevent and reduce the harm of fungal toxins during pregnancy, this paper summarizes the research status of embryonic developmental toxicity, as well as the research status of biological monitoring technologies based on biomarkers such as exposure biomarkers and biomakers of effect, which are caused by traditional fungal toxins such as aflatoxin, deoxynivalenol, zearalenone, and emerging fungal toxins such as Alternaria toxins, beauverin, and enniatins. The aim of the paper is for construction of the healthy China.

Currently, there is a growing call for a co-governance approach that includes consumers in food safety governance. To address this, corporations have implemented decentralised digital food traceability systems based on blockchain. Many argue that this technology will lead to enhanced consumer trust in food safety governance through greater consumer engagement. In this regard, this paper examines factors that influence consumer engagement and trust in food safety governance, mobilising interdisciplinary literature from the social sciences, economics and food safety governance. By doing so, it explores the implications of the implementation of blockchain as a means of enhancing consumer trust. The paper raises critical questions on a global scale and offers a social science and wider empirical perspective that has received less attention. To further investigate the effects of blockchain on consumer trust in the food supply chain, it proposes a research agenda that includes theoretical and empirical research.

The unique flavor properties and rich nutrients of traditional fermented food are closely related to its complex and variable microbial structure, which also makes it difficult to control the quality of final fermented product. In order to explore the changes of microbial structure and sensory property and nutritional property in the process of food fermentation and the internal relationship between them, the data analysis process is a key step. Therefore, it is necessary to establish a fast and accurate data analysis method for quality control of fermented food. Machine learning has the advantages of high-dimensional simplification rate, large data throughput and high prediction accuracy, showing great application potential in the field of quality control of fermented food. Hence, machine learning has become one of the research hotspots. This paper reviews the application of machine learning in the quality control of fermented food. On the basis of an overview of common models of machine learning, this paper systematically summarizes the application of machine learning in the prediction of microbial structure evolution, flavor compound composition analysis and customization of personalized consumption in the process of food fermentation. The problems and developmental trends in the application of machine learning to quality control of traditional fermented food are summarized and prospected. Although the application of machine learning in fermented food is still confined by the problems such as insufficient general applicability of the model, limited quality indicators, and limited personalized consumption scenario, etc., with the iterative update of the technical model, the adaptation for multi-factors and whole process, and the application expansion in the background of personalized consumption, machine learning will show a greater value for practical application in the field of fermented food. The purpose of this study is to provide guidance for the further application of machine learning in the standardized and controllable production of traditional fermented food.

In this paper, the effects of hot water extraction (HWE), ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UE), cellulase assisted extraction (CE), pectinase assisted extraction (PE), and ultrasonic microwave assisted extraction (UME) on the physicochemical properties and activities of polysaccharide from Apocinae venetiana (AVP) were studied. The results showed that the extraction rate in the order of AVP-PE (13.6%)>AVP-CE (13.4%)>AVP-UME (12.4%)>AVP-UE (12.1%)>AVP-HWE (9.2%). The polysaccharides obtained by different extraction methods were mainly composed of arabinose, glucose and galactose in a different molar ratio, however, the proportion of each monosaccharide was different. The arabinose was the predominant monosaccharide for AVP-HWE and AVP-CE, and glucose for the others. Different polysaccharides exhibited typical infrared absorption peaks of polysaccharide compounds without a triple helix structure, and showed different surface structures. The polysaccharides demonstrated strong antioxidant activity, among which AVP-HWE had the strongest DPPH and ABTS+ free radicals scavenging ability, with half inhibition concentrations (IC50) of 0.219 and 0.072 mg/mL, respectively. AVP-UE had the strongest hydroxyl radical scavenging ability, with IC50 of 0.298 mg/mL. AVP-CE had the strongest ferrous ion chelating ability, with IC50 of 0.107 mg/mL, and there were few differences for the total reducing power between different polysaccharides. In summary, different extraction methods have a significant impact on the structure and activity of AVP, and UE and CE are more suitable for the extraction of AVP. This paper may be providing reference for the development and utilization of polysaccharides resources from Apocynum venetum leaves.

The aim of this paper was to explore the process of β-glucosidase-assisted extraction of flavonoids from thinned fruits of Guanxi pummelo and the inhibitory effect of the extracted flavonoids on tyrosinase. In this paper, the extraction amount of total flavonoids was used as the index, and the β-glucosidase activity, enzymatic hydrolysis pH, temperature and time were optimized by single factor and response surface experiments, and the inhibitory effect of total flavonoids extract on tyrosinase was studied. The results showed that the optimal conditions for the extraction of flavonoids from thinned fruits of Guanxi pummelo were as follows: β-Glucosidase enzyme activity 0.0128 U/mL, enzymolysis pH4.4, temperature 35 ℃, time 4.8 h. Under these conditions, the extraction amount of total flavonoids was 34.0 mg/g, the half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of the flavonoids extract on tyrosinase was 0.31 mg/mL. The results of this study showed that the enzymatic process could significantly improve the extraction amount of flavonoids from thinned fruits of Guanxi pummelo, and the flavonoids from thinned fruits of Guanxi pummelo had strong tyrosinase inhibition. The results of this study provided a reference for the extraction and application of flavonoids from thinned fruits of Guanxi pummelo, which was conducive to promoting the high-value utilization of Guanxi pummelo.

Objective: To evaluate the antibiotic resistance of five foodborne Escherichia coli clinical isolates to ciprofloxacin, gentamicin and ampicillin. Methods: Based on the theory of electron transfer during bacterial energy metabolism and the introduction of resazurin as a redox probe, an electrochemical square wave voltammetry （SWV） method based on bladed tensin-mediated rapid identification of E. coli drug resistance was established. Results: The electrochemical square wave voltammetry values of E. coli at different concentrations mediated by resazurin were determined, and there was a good linear relationship between the E. coli concentration and the oxidized peak current （I） of resazurin in the range of 1.69×102～1.69×108 CFU/mL, with the regression equation of Y=-0.156 0X-2.965 5, and R2=0.977 5; When performing the determination of E. coli drug resistance, the drug sensitivity test standard was developed by Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute （CLSI）. The oxidized peak current （I0） of resazurin and the oxidized peak current （I-a） obtained by E. coli after directly interacting with resazurin were used as the control, and the oxidized peak current （I+a） obtained by E. coli after treating it with antibiotics and interacting with resazurin was determined. The value of bacterial activity VETA was introduced as VETA as an indicator for the identification of bacterial resistance by electrochemical square wave voltammetry, and established a rapid electrochemical drug sensitivity test method for E. coli mediated by resazurin. The established method was used to detect the resistance of five clinical isolates of foodborne E. coli to three antibiotics, and VETA=50 was used as the critical value for determining bacterial sensitivity and resistance, and the results of the drug sensitivity tests were all in accordance with the results of the paper diffusion method. The VETA=50 was used as the critical value for determining bacterial susceptibility and resistance, and all the results were consistent with the results of the paper diffusion method, and the paper diffusion method required 18 h to report the results, whereas this method required only 2 h. Conclusion: Our electrochemical square-wave voltammetry method based on the resazurin-mediated rapid discrimination of E. coli drug resistance is able to accurately and rapidly detect the antibiotics resistance of the five foodborne clinical isolates of E. coli to ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, and ampicillin.

Hyperuricemia (HUA) is a purine metabolism disorder caused by the imbalance between uric acid production and excretion, which, when severe, can lead to gout and renal function damage. At present, the prevalence of HUA/gout is increasing yearly in China and the HUA/gout patients are becoming younger and younger. Recent studies have shown that the intestinal flora of patients with HUA/gout is imbalanced when compared with that of healthy people, and different dietary patterns can affect the level of uric acid by adjusting the intestinal flora. This paper elaborates on the characteristics of the intestinal flora in patients with HUA/gout and the effect of the intestinal flora on uric acid metabolism, which will lay a theoretical foundation for the prevention, early diagnosis and auxiliary treatment of HUA/gout. This paper also summarizes recent progress in understanding the impact of different dietary patterns on uric acid levels in order to guide patients to effectively prevent and delay the occurrence of HUA/gout by adjusting their dietary patterns.

In order to summarize the evolution of food safety traceability system research in globally, 1369 research paper published in the period of 2004 to 2022 are retrieved using the words: food and traceability from the Web of Science Core Collection database and are test mined for the number of research papers, authors, countries, institutions using statistical and bibliometric indicators. Moreover, data visual analysis is carried out by plotting knowledge maps of keywords. The results show that there has been increasing interest in food research, and the number of publications about food safety traceability exhibits a growth trend. The most studied country is China that has published 331 papers with the H index ranks second. In terms of authorship, the research team mostly works with productive author cooperation in this field with cross-border and cross-regional cooperation. In terms of keywords cooccurrence, Smart contracts, blockchain, the Internet, traceability technology, and information transparency have been the research hotspots in this field in recent years. The research topics gather on the applicability of traceability technology, participation of social subjects, study on food adulteration and origin traceability based on stable isotope ratio and multi-element analysis, and solving the problem of coding confusion.

Food safety hinges on effective detection technology. Traditional methods, while somewhat destructive, also prove time-consuming, inefficient, cumbersome, and subjective. Hence, it is of great significance to explore non-destructive, swift and efficient detection technology for ensuring food safety and quality assessment. Multispectral imaging (MSI), an emerging non-destructive detection technology, features rapidity, non-destructiveness, and objectivity. It introduces a new method for expeditious and non-destructive detection in the food industry. This paper introduces the principles, advantages and disadvantages, and data analysis method of MSI technology and conducts a review of related research on the application of MSI technology at home and abroad in the fields of fruit quality assessment, vegetable grading, meat adulteration and aquatic product spoilage detection. In the end, the paper makes a summary and future outlook on the development of MSI technology in the non-destructive detection of internal and external food quality.

Plant polyphenols are a class of plant secondary metabolites containing several phenolic hydroxyl groups in their molecular structure, which have physiological properties such as anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antibacterial, etc., and can be used as excellent dietary supplements. However, some of the polyphenols are poorly stabilized, and they are prone to degradation during food production, processing, and storage, so it is necessary to use encapsulation technology to improve their stability and maintain their activity at the same time. The emulsion possesses the characteristics of stability and versatility with the potential to encapsulate and protect plant polyphenols. This paper firstly analyzes the properties of plant polyphenols and the underlying reasons for their limited applications, further discusses the encapsulation effect of different types of emulsions (normal emulsion, microemulsion, nanoemulsion, Pickering emulsion, multilayer emulsion and emulsion gel, etc.) on polyphenols, and finally summarizes the current status of polyphenol emulsion encapsulation systems in the food industry such as meat, fruits and vegetables, ice cream, bakery, and beverage, etc., and provides an overview of polyphenol emulsions in the future preparation direction and its development direction in the food field. This paper can provide some reference for the application of plant polyphenol emulsion encapsulation system in the future food industry.

Deoxynivalenol (DON) is a toxic secondary metabolite produced by Fusarium spp. that mainly contaminates wheat, corn, and other food crops, and has posed serious threats to food safety. Currently, enzymatic detoxification of DON shows promising application prospects. This paper provided an overview of the latest domestic and international research on the types of biotransformation enzymes, degradation mechanisms, structural features, detoxification enzyme mining strategies, and molecular modifications of DON. Additionally, the paper explored research trends in molecular design of mycotoxin detoxification enzymes assisted by artificial intelligence, which aimed to provide a reference for the development of bio-detoxification technology of DON in food and feed.

Fermented meat products is the meat products with special flavor, color, texture and longer shelf life formed by a series of changes under natural or artificially controlled conditions by the action of microorganisms or enzymes. Fermented meat products is popular with consumers, but they are rich in protein and have a great potential for high levels of biogenic amines. Among them, histamine and tyramine are the most toxic. Consumption of tyramine-rich foods might cause headache, hypertension and other adverse reactions. Therefore, it is extremely necessary to control the tyramine content in fermented meat products. In this paper, the formation pathways, control methods and effects of tyramine in fermented meat products are reviewed. Among them, the main formation pathway is the decarboxylation of tyrosine by the action of decarboxylase, in addition to the existence of chemical pathways related to lipid oxidation products, while the more effective control methods are the addition of auxiliaries and the inoculation of fermentation agents. This paper aims to provid a theoretical support for reducing the tyramine content in fermented meat products and improving the safety of fermented meat products.

China's food industry has witnessed rapid and accelerated development in recent years, which poses higher demands on the quality of food talents. Drawing on Xi Jinping's Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, this paper argues for the necessity of constructing a multi-dimensional integration cultivation system for first-class food talents. It also points out that universities, as the main carriers of talent cultivation, should explore the methods and approaches of constructing such a system by integrating moral and intellectual education, discipline and specialty, scientific research and teaching, and industry and specialty. To cultivate talents with moral integrity through party building and ideological and political education in curriculum, to foster students' professional growth through the coordinated development of discipline and specialty and the mutual assistance of teaching and scientific research, and to enhance students' diversified development through the optimization of curriculum resource allocation. By doing so, this paper addresses the questions of "what kind of people to cultivate?" and "how to cultivate?", aiming to provide a strong talent resource support for the development of food industry.

Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) are very important components in human milk, and more than 200 different HMOs have been identified so far. HMOs act as prebiotics by the metabolism of gut microbiota to produce short-chain fatty acids, which have a beneficial effect on infant health. This is one of the main differences between breast milk and formula milk powder. Studies have shown that different species of gut microbiota use different mechanisms to recognize and digest HMOs with different structures, maintaining the balance of the gut microbiota. HMOs also have a variety of functions such as relieving allergic symptoms and preventing necrotizing enterocolitis. In this paper, the type, structure and content of HMOs, interaction between HMOs and infant gut microbiota, and their immune regulatory functions are reviewed. HMOs can promote colonization and growth of gut microbiota in infants, and directly or indirectly regulate the infant immune function. This paper provides theoretical support for the application of HMOs in infant foods, and contributes new ideas to the future research and development direction.

The preparation of sodium alginate microcapsules is crucial aspect of microcapsule technology. However, probiotic capsules made solely from sodium alginate tend to have pores and cracks, by using different wall materials combined with sodium alginate to form composite sodium alginate microcapsules, it can play a more effective protective effect on probiotics. This paper provides a summary of the research progress made in compounding sodium alginate microcapsules using three different materials, including addition of prebiotics to enhance the growth of probiotics, the blending of nanomaterials to enhance mechanical properties, and the utilization of coating film-forming materials to minimize the ingress of external substances or the permeation of internal core materials. The paper presents a comprehensive overview of the pros and cons of different embedding structures, and provides a projection of the future development of probiotic microcapsule embedding. The ultimate goal is to provide valuable insights for scientific inquiry and experimentation in the field of compound sodium alginate of probiotic microcapsules.

Marine peptides are one of the important sources of biological peptides. Marine peptides have many types and are easy to be modified by metal ions. Marine peptides have natural advantages in the preparation of metal ion chelated peptides, and are expected to become a research hotspot of metal ion chelated peptides in the future. In this paper, the chelating mechanism of metal ion chelated peptides from ocean is reviewed. Single dentate chelating mode, double dentate chelating mode and α chelating mode, three chelating modes are described. At the same time, the effects of peptide size, amino acid type and position, some special residues on the chelation effect are summarized. The preparation and purification methods of metal chelate peptides from ocean are listed. The advantages and disadvantages of different methods are analyzed. In addition, the biological activities of metal ion chelated peptides such as promoting metal ion absorption, bacteriostatic and antioxidant are summarized. This paper can provide technical support for the preparation, functional activity analysis and chelating mechanism study of metal ion chelated peptides in the future.

Raphasatin, also known as sulforaphane, is primarily found in vegetables of the Brassicaceae family, specifically those of the Raphanus and Brassica genera. It is an isothiocyanate compound produced by the hydrolysis of glucosinolates under the action of endogenous myrosinase enzymes. Raphasatin was shown to have the strongest anticancer properties among vegetables, demonstrating a significant inhibitory effect on various forms of cancer such as breast cancer, liver cancer, and colon cancer. This paper reviews the stability of raphasatin and methods for its extraction and purification. It explains the mechanisms by which raphasatin protects cells under oxidative stress by inducing the expression of related antioxidant proteins and detoxifying enzymes, and how it alleviates or suppresses inflammation through involvement in NF-κB signaling pathway. Additionally, it explores its physiological functions in preventing and treating Helicobacter pylori infections, lung bacteria, mental disorders, and neurodegenerative diseases, etc. Furthermore, the paper summarizes the current status and prospects of raphasatin products in the fields of biomedicine, health supplements, and food, providing a reference for the scientific research and application of raphasatin.

Existing studies have clearly demonstrated that people eating more whole grains have reduced risks of many chronic metabolic diseases compared to those eating less. In the past 20 years, the whole grain industry has developed so rapidly in major developed countries and regions. In recent years, whole grains have also attracted extensive attention in our country. The research and development efforts of the whole grain standards in China have been strengthened. This paper introduced the progress of the global definition consensus of whole grain and whole grain food, summarized the international development status of whole grain raw materials and whole grain food related standards in many countries and institutions, such as the Working Group of ISO Whole Grain, the United States, Canada, the Netherlands, Codex Alimentarius Commission, and so on. This paper also reviewed the present situation of definition of the whole grain and whole grain food related standards in China. More than 20 relevant raw materials, food related standards and production technical regulations and the publishment situation of other whole grain standards in China, including national standards and industry standards and local standards and group standards, were summarized, and some whole grain related standards under formulation were also introduced. Finally, the paper puts forward the development direction and suggestions for the construction of whole grain standard system in China, including fully combining with the actual production situation of China’s whole grain food industry, integrating with international standards, and combining standard testing and certification. On the whole, the gradual improvement of the standard system of the whole grain food industry will help guide and regulate the high-quality and healthy development of the whole grain industry in China, and promote the creation of a diversified and healthy grain food ecology, and provide a technical basis for the development of the whole grain industry.

Objective: A trans-critical CO2 refrigeration system with ejector is proposed and its performance factors are studied. Methods: In this paper, energy and exergic system model combined with experiment method were used to study the impact of the change of major parameters on traditional and new refrigeration systems. Results: In a given working condition, exergy efficiency of the compressor increased by 11.08% when an injector replaced the throttle valve, while the power of the compressor decreased by 6.04% and the performance factor increased by 11.1%. The optimum gas cooler pressure was found to maximize the system performance. In addition, the exergic damage of the system components was optimized in this paper. Conclusion: The ejector of the new system has great potential for optimization, and the outlet temperature of the gas cooler has the greatest influence on the performance of the ejector.

The natural deep eutectic solvent is a new type of green solvent that is expected to replace traditional organic solvents for efficient extraction of natural products such as flavonoids. In order to clarify the application of natural deep eutectic solvents in the extraction of flavonoids, the author summarizes and analyzes relevant research papers published in the past 5 years. This article provides a review of the current research status of natural deep eutectic solvents for extracting flavonoids, and discuss in detail the various factors that affect the extraction rate. The natural deep eutectic solvents perform well in the extraction of various natural flavonoid products such as flavonoids, flavonols, flavonones, anthocyans, and isoflavones. Their extraction rates are generally better than traditional solvents such as methanol and ethanol, and the extracted products have higher activity. The composition, molar ratio, water content, and temperature of deep eutectic solvents significantly affect their extraction of flavonoids. Finally, the development trend of natural eutectic solvents in the future is prospected. This paper aims to provide reference for the efficient and green extraction of flavonoids.

Sweet potato is a kind of low-calorie root food that has also been used for medicinal purpose. It is rich in a variety of essential nutrients and bioactive ingredients for the human body, and can be used to prevent various diseases. The quality of sweet potato directly affects its product quality, classification and quality grading and economic value. Rapid and efficient detection technologies play an important role in ensuring the quality and safety of sweet potato. Many studies on the rapid detection and analysis of sweet potato quality based on near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) have been reported. This paper comprehensively summarizes recent progress in the application of NIRS in the detection of the general chemical components (protein, starch, sugar, and water), active components (flavonoids and carotenoids), adulterants, heavy metals and microbial contamination in sweet potato as well as in its varietal identification. Moreover, this paper proposes future trends and research priorities for the application of NIRS in the quality detection of sweet potato. This review is expected to provide more references for further improvement of rapid quality assessment of sweet potato by NIRS and for the development of related fast testing equipment.

Bee products are gaining increasing popularity among consumers for their high nutritional value and various biological activities. However, adulteration is becoming a prominent problem in the production and sale of bee products, and the mechanisms underlying their biological activities have not been fully elucidated. Proteomics and metabolomics can provide complete and comprehensive descriptions on the overall characteristics of proteins and small-molecular metabolites. In recent years, these two omics approaches have been widely used in the field of bee products, and become a powerful means to solve the problem of adulteration in bee products and elucidate the mechanisms underlying their biological activities. This paper reviews the research progress in the application of proteomics and metabolomics in bee products. Based on an overview of the advantages of proteomics and metabolomics in simultaneous identification of whole components and screening of characteristic markers, the paper also summarizes their applications in the identification of components, discrimination and authentication, and elucidation of mechanisms for biological activities of bee products in detail. In addition, the existing problems are analyzed and the future research directions are proposed. The paper is expected to provide a reference for extensive and in-depth application of omics technologies in the research of bee products.

Ketogenic diets have been shown to play a role in some metabolic diseases and neurodegenerative diseases as a low-carbohydrate, high-fat diets supplemented with appropriate protein. Ketogenic diets have been proven effective, but the mechanisms of action are still unclear. Therefore, this paper summarizes the development of the ketogenic diet, its application in the treatment of metabolic diseases (type Ⅱ diabetes, obesity, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and gout), recommended diet plans and adverse reactions, and confirms that the ketogenic diet can be used as an adjunct therapy for metabolic diseases in terms of improving stress response and the intestinal microbiome. The classic ketogenic diet, medium-chain triglyceride, modified Atkins diet, and low glycemic index treatment are recommended as ketogenic diet programs. The adverse reactions of the ketogenic diet in metabolism, gastrointestinal tract, urinary system, and contraindications are summarized. This paper also summarizes the invention patents of ketogenic diet-related products, which paved the way and prospected for the subsequent product development and as an auxiliary treatment program.

The low adoption rate and lack of industry-level large-scale applications are prominent problems facing the application of blockchain technology in the food supply chain field today. By integrating existing fragmented research, this paper provides a more systematic model of enterprise blockchain technology adoption behavior, which can not only provide theoretical support for academia to explore and understand enterprise blockchain technology adoption behavior, but also provide references for enterprises to promote blockchain project implementation decisions. By reviewing and combing relevant studies both domestic and overseas, integrating the core viewpoints of behavior reasoning theory, technology-organization-environment framework, innovation diffusion, and social capital, this paper constructs an unified model of enterprise blockchain technology adoption behavior in food supply chain field, and theoretically and normatively explains the antecedent factors that affect enterprise blockchain technology adoption intention. The model shows that enterprises form technology adoption intention by reasoning and judging 23 push and constraint factors under three dimensions of technological characteristics, organizational characteristics, and environmental characteristics, which drive technology adoption behavior. Therefore, enterprises should focus on strengthening the impact of push factors and preventing the impact of constraint factors to promote the adoption and implementation of blockchain technology more effectively.

In order to investigate the effect of conventional packaging forms on the freshness of market shell eggs, this research investigated shell egg freshness of Roman pink in paper-based packaging without overlapped eggs arrangement, paper-based packaging with overlapped eggs arrangement, foam-based cushioning packaging, carton-based packaging, plastic-based packaging 5 groups. The shell eggs were stored at 25 ℃ for 30 d, and evaluated weight loss, air space diameter and height, yolk index, Haugh unit, thick-to-thin albumen ratio and albumen pH at 0, 10, 20, 30 d. The results showed that in shell eggs treated with paper-based packaging with overlapped eggs arrangement had significantly (P